Chinese Holstein cows

The dairy cows raised in China are mainly "Chinese black and white flower cows". The original name of the Chinese Holstein cow was "China Black and White Flower Cow", which was renamed "China Holstein Cow" in 1992. This breed is a breed formed by crossbreeding various types of Holstein cattle from abroad and Chinese cattle, and after a long period of selective breeding, which is also the only dairy cow breed in China. Most of the Chinese Holstein cattle belong to the dairy type; it has obvious physical characteristics of dairy cattle. The appearance of dairy cattle is characterized by: the whole body is thin, the edges and corners are prominent, the body is large and the meat is not much, and the spirit is lively. The posterior body is more developed than the forerunner, the middle body is relatively developed, the subcutaneous fat is underdeveloped, the whole body is obvious, and the head and neck of the forehuschan are relatively delicate and relatively small, so, when viewed from the side, the dorsal line and the abdominal line form a triangle, and the back and front looks also triangular. The whole cattle body resembles a cone with a tip in front and a blunt end at the back. The cow's head is delicate and long, and the horns are thin and shiny. The neck is slender and has clearly visible wrinkles. The thorax is deep and long, with flattened ribs and wide intercostals. The back is strong and straight. The abdominal circumference is large without sagging. The leather book, elastic, is hairy and shiny.

The udder is an important organ and part of a cow. Well-developed breasts are large, deep, flat, and well-extended front and back. The whole breast adheres well between the two strands. The four nipples are of moderate size and widely spaced. There is thin and delicate skin, short and thin fine hairs, curved and pronounced breast veins.

Chinese Holstein cattle, due to the influence of Dutch combined Use Ofhstein cattle, are similar to the combined use type. The coat color is generally black and white, the flower layer is clear, there are many white shifts in the forehead, the abdomen, below the limbs and knee joints and the tail end are mostly white, the physique is delicate and firm, the body structure is symmetrical, the lactation system is well developed, and the hoof is solid. Due to the different types of Holstein bulls and local cows introduced in various places in the breeding process, as well as the difference in feeding conditions, the size of Chinese Holstein cattle is divided into three types: large, medium and small.

Large: Mainly using Holstein bulls imported from the United States and Canada and local cows for long-term cross-breeding and cross-breeding. It is characterized by its tall size, and the adult cows can reach a height of more than 136 cm.

Medium-sized: Mainly quoted from Japan, Germany and other imported medium-sized Holstein bulls and local cows cross-crossed and bred, adult cows body height of more than 133 cm.

Small: Mainly quoted from the Netherlands and other European countries imported from the mixed Holstein bull and local cow hybridization, or north American Holstein bull and local small cow hybrid breeding. Adult cows are about 130 cm tall.

Since the early 1970s, due to the widespread promotion of artificial insemination technology of frozen semen, the exchange of excellent bull semen in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and the continuous improvement of cattle breeding management conditions, the difference between the above three types of dairy cows is also gradually narrowing.

China Holstein dairy cows (Chinese black and white flower cows) have high milk production, but the milk fat rate is low, it is not tolerant to rough feeding, and under good feed conditions and feeding management, the average milk production in 305 days can reach 6500~7500 kg, and the milk fat rate is about 3.5%.