Author: Yao Shanbi
When I went to Linfen, Shanxi For a meeting, the previous stop was Hongdong, ecstatic, and eager to jump off the train. The meeting was not over, so I hurried back, only because a woman named Su San was as close as A small hair and a neighbor.
When I was a child, I entered the village theater troupe, and Kaimeng was "Female Solution", and sang for half a lifetime. In high school, he sang "Yutang Spring", played Su San, and also played Wang Jinlong. A classmate in the same class, a native of Quzhou County, Hebei Province, said that Wang Sangongzi was from this county and that his father was a Ming Dynasty soldier Shangshu. On the right, Su San had a singing line: "He was originally a former sanshe of the Bingbu Hall." "In the summer, I begged my classmates to take me to visit, and sure enough, there was a Wang Yilu in Quzhou East Street, a family of hairpins, who had served as the chief of the Nanjing Punishment Department and later promoted to shangshu of the Military Department. Again, "Which one went to Nanjing, and passed on the letter with my Sanlang." "The Wang Family Cemetery is in the west of the city, 300 meters long from north to south, lined with stele stones, and the archway is majestic. Next to shinto, there is a small mound, which is said to be the tomb of Susan. Every year during the Spring Festival, there is a social fire, foreign theater troupes rush to sing "Yutang Spring", the descendants of the Wang family often come out to oppose, holding the blue-skinned "Guangping Fu Zhi" and "Quzhou County Chronicle", pointing out and refuting rumors, the book says that Wang Yigong only has one son, how to come to Wang San, and how to Su San?
After graduating from high school, he applied for the Chinese Department of Hebei University in Tianjin at that time, and there were Gu Sui, one of the most prestigious eight professors in the north, a famous contemporary songwriter, and the last yuan miscellaneous drama writer in China, who wrote "The Weeping Old Zen Monk Re-emerges", "Zhu Yingtai Incarnate Butterfly", "Gluttony Xiucai", etc., such as in the yuan miscellaneous drama is also a top product. Mr. Gu, a native of Qinghe County, Ji'nan Province, has been in middle school in Guangping Province for four years, and is close to Quzhou, and his skills naturally understand, I came to ask for advice but laughed but did not answer, let me go to the library "three words and two beats" to find. Sure enough, in the 24th volume of the "Cautionary Tales", I found "Yutang Spring Fall and Misfortune". Who wrote the script and put it on stage, I have not found it. Later, in the Shanghai Drama Series in the 1920s, it was found that it was Xun Huisheng who first sang it popular. He first learned from Wang Yaoqing, and then polished with the playwright Chen Moxiang, and began to seek perfection, from "the courtyard to make love", "Jin Quan was expelled", "Guan Wang Temple Fair", "dressing and cheating", "trapped and solved", "three-hall trial", "the supervisor pretended to be crazy", until the "cave reunion", the whole book could be performed in four days. Later, after seeking refinement, it was mainly based on "starting to solve" and "triage", adding "prostitution court" in the front and "reunion" in the back, which could be performed in one day. Xun Hui spent his life in Qingyi, sang well, and caused a sensation in Shanghai. Qilin Tong, Ma Lianliang, Gao Qingkui, and Ma Fulu have all assisted in the performance.
Yin Yan summoned the painting
The answer comes out, Su San is an artistic image, but I am not dead hearted, and there are often people behind the typical image. The fact that Qu Zhou did not have Wang San did not mean that there was no Wang San elsewhere, that there was no Su San, so he was eager to rush to Hongdong. The first time I came to Hongdong, I felt like I was revisiting the old land, and I was Su San. Hongdong County has three major attractions: Guangsheng Temple, Dahuashu and Susan Prison. In terms of popularity, a weak woman Su Sanqi solution is no less than the great migration of millions of peasants in the early Ming Dynasty.
Locals say that Susan really has his own people, which is absolutely true. Susan Prison, on Guhuai South Street, is the only remaining complete Ming Dynasty prison in China, which was built in the second year of Hongwu (1369 AD), more than 600 years ago. Sitting east facing west, green brick and gray tiles, hanging flower gate tower. Because it is a tool of dictatorship, it causes psychological obstacles to people, and it has lost its quaint beauty, and even changed its shape in people's eyes. A pair of white jade lions in front of the door, without the usual mascot's posture, looked hideous. The lintel plaque "Susan Prison" is Dong Shouping's inscription, the art master's calligraphy has always been free, but these four words are written very stiffly, probably because it is Hongdong nationality reluctantly.
The county-level prison is not large, with a total of 610 square meters of general prisons and death row, and it can only accommodate one or two dozen people. It is said that the crime rate was low at that time, and misdemeanors were disciplined by parents and only detained for felonies. On the right hand of the entrance is a small alley-style aisle, 12 cave-dwelling cells in two compartments, narrow doors and small windows, and the window ledges are very thick. The room is small in depth and has a long strip for easy monitoring. There was barbed wire and a bell between the eaves to prevent jailbreaking, and only midday could leak a little sunlight. The two huts at the end of the aisle were the jailers' quarters. In the past, it was a death row cell, and the western wall was dedicated to the prison god Gao Tao. Gao Tao was Yao Shun's minister of justice, and is said to be a native of Shangshi Village, Hongdong County. There is a small hole under the shrine, which is a passage to drag out the prisoners, and it is not allowed to pass through the main gate after committing a sin.
At the beginning, there was no prison, "painting the ground as a prison", at most using two dogs to watch, "Shuowen" said that this is the origin of the word "prison". In the Ming Dynasty, it was different, and the superstructure became more and more solid. The prison wall here is eight feet high, five feet and one foot thick, and it is irrigated with quicksand, making it difficult to dig and escape. There is a well in the courtyard, covered with bluestone, leaving only a wellhead the size of a seven or eight inches plate in the middle, allowing only a small bucket to enter and exit to prevent prisoners from jumping. There are washing stone troughs and washboard stones next to the well, and it is said that Su San, who was born from a famous prostitute, had a cleaning habit and often washed clothes, and the stone well mouth was pulled out of several ditches.
Opposite is the Tiger Head Prison, which specializes in death row prisoners, so the prison god stares dead day and night. In fact, the stone carving of the green face and fangs at the head of the door is not a tiger, but an animal called "Fox", which is said to be the fourth son of the dragon, shaped like a tiger, powerful, and good at litigation, so it guards the prison gate. The cell door was very low, only four or five feet high, and it was no wonder that Su San and Chonggong Dao came out and went in with a bowed head and bent down. The cat waist walked through the passage three feet wide and one inch long, and stepped over the threshold to be on death row. One hole and three pillow kilns, one light and two dark, When Su San was confined to the west side, it was dark, gloomy, wet, and a musty smell was suffocating. The earth kang is narrow and cannot lie down, but can only be "imprisoned". I sat down for three minutes to experience the character, how much damage was inflicted on a weak woman's body and mind. In the future, I will sing better when I sing "Female Solution".
It is said that all the archives of Su San have been preserved, and when the Hongdong was liberated, General Chen Geng specially ordered the siege troops not to lose anything. It is a pity that the "Cultural Revolution" swept away the "four olds" and destroyed them in one fell swoop. At present, there is only one medicine jar left in the ruins of Su San, and when Pi Clan bribed the princess to buy poison at the "Yiyuan Hall" with fifty taels of silver, this is the medicine jar containing arsenic cream. Six hundred years of change of dynasty, the old name "Yiyuantang" changed its name to "Yiyuantang", the medicine jar has been placed in the right corner of the counter, and there is also red paper on it, on which is written "Su San Medicine Jar".
"Su San left Hongdong County and will come to the front of the street." This "county" does not refer to the county boundary, but to the county court and prison in general, and it is only when you go out on the street that you are good at pleading, "Which one goes to Nanjing, and passes on the letter with my sanlang." "Mixed feelings, taking heavy steps, singing "Ten Hateful", ten minutes, more than two hundred meters, out of the county town, past the big locust tree, to the mouth of the stone pagoda, that is, the original Guangsheng Temple Yuan Dynasty stone scriptures. Now there is a stone stele here, which reads "Su San's Place of Shackles". It was here that this weak woman, who was at the bottom of her life, issued an earth-shattering cry of "Left also hates to right and hates, there are no good people in Hongdong County".
The Peking opera "Yutang Spring", like the commentary "Yang Sanjie's Complaint", evolved from real people and real events, and is a great love hymn. The famous dramatist Ma Shaobo inscribed a poem for Susan Prison: "Weak women mourn and complain about their grievances, and Gu Huai bows her head and cannot bear to listen." Gao dares to recognize the concubine, and the north and south still sing the golden dragon. ”
Guangming Daily (November 20, 2020, 15th edition)
Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily