< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhu Shi and his Chinese and foreign friends</h1>
Original Cai Yuxin
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, overseas Catholics followed the convenience of water transportation and set foot in Lanxi. At the beginning of the sixteenth year of Ming Chongzhen (February and March 1643), the 29-year-old Italian Jesuit Maldino Maldini (1614--1661) came to China, passing through Guangdong, Jiangxi and Jiangnan. On June 27, 1643, he came to Shanghai, where Pan Guoguang (1607--1671), a member of the Yesu congregation, taught him Chinese and gave him a Chinese name: Wei Kuangguo (衛匡国), the character Jitai (陳泰). In October 1643, Wei Kuangguo came to Hangzhou again and traveled to many parts of Zhejiang, including Lanxi. On 6 July 1644, he returned to Hangzhou. In March 1646 (the second year of The Southern Ming Dynasty longwu and the third year of the Qing Shunzhi), the area around Jinhua and Lanxi was incorporated into the territory of the Qing Dynasty. In May of the fourth year of Qing Shunzhi (June 5, 1647 - July 1), Wei Kuangguo came to the Yesuhui station in Lanxi and met the local literati Zhu Shi, and with the help of Zhu Shi, the "Youyou Chapter" was written and published in 1661.
Zhu Shi (1602--? ), a native of Lanxi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and a tribute to the Qing Shunzhi Dynasty. His deeds are found in the Chronicle of Lanxi County of Jiaqing and the Chronicle of Lanxi County of Guangxu. Guangxu County Chronicle Volume Five Characters, Literature: "Zhu Shi, Zi Jian, once traveled from Jinhua Zhu Dadian, disdainful of chapters and sentences, good at reading Han Feizi's book, and composed many flexion of teeth." On the economy, the knowledge of the land is high, the dethronement is lofty, and the economy is strong, and there are all the practitioners who can be seen. Taste the ancient and modern Xiangye, outside Of Yi Yin, take Guan Zhong and Zi Chan from afar, and Zhuge Liang, Wang Meng, Li Deyu, Gao Gong, and Zhang Juzheng in the near future, all of whom have unique insights, and Xu Donghai is deeply impressed by his talents. ”
Zhu Shi may have been one of the first Catholic Lanxi people and a witness to the history of Catholicism in Lanxi. This is not recorded in the old county records.
Wei Kuangguo mentioned in his book "Records of the Tatar Wars" (information found in 1985 Chinese University Press, "Records of Westerners in the Qing Dynasty") that he and Zhu Dadian (1581--1646) were personal friends. Zhu Shi was a student of Zhu Dadian, and it is inferred from this that Wei Kuangguo met Zhu Shi through Zhu Dadian's relationship. Zhu Shi's contacts with Wei Kuangguo became increasingly deep, and due to Wei Kuangguo's limited level of Chinese, his book "The Chapter of Friends" was dictated by him, and Zhu Shi wrote a book for it. In 1647, Zhu Shi was 46 years old, while Wei Kuangguo was 33 years old. Zhu Shi wrote a narrative for the "Chapter of Friends", with the title: "Lanxi Zhu Shi Zi Jian Zhi Zhi", "Ding Hai (1647) In May, Mr. Wei Jitai passed over Ling Yan, and Shi Shan Lou sat in the rain. Speaking of the theory of friendship, Sir: Not to stop, because of the hundreds of words or dozens of words taught every day, the hand is touched and called: "Reason, but there is no word. After pondering for a long time, Gu Shi said: And Er, because of the re-teaching, the re-teaching, the day counts five. Since the gentleman said it, and the benefit of friends is indispensable. For the sake of self-interest, it is a god who benefits himself. The husband is general, the loser feels the benefit, the compound loss is equal, the wait, the profit and loss are obvious. And the way of the way, people are happy to obey, and know that the situation in the world is extreme, the cause of the situation must be there, the analysis of reason must not be otherwise, have to be, can not be otherwise, Mi also. The widow, the commonality determined by the Lord, also. Have to be, love also. The lover, the benevolence of the Lord, also. Miya, love also, the old man is happy to obey also. Mr. Wei Yi cultivates the body, and the god Ci Ye, looking forward to the god of heaven, the so-called supreme man also. May the reader read the article, but seek reason is not right, do not be arrogant, reason is, then benefit God, what is beneficial? Hugh. Mindhud, self-righteous god. In the summer rain, Zhu Shi and Wei Kuangguo met in a small building in the mountains to exchange religious topics of common interest. For five days, the two cooperated, dictated by Wei Kuangguo, recorded by Zhu Shi, and published the "Chapter of Friends". Zhu Shi praised Wei Kuangguo in the narrative: "Mr. Wei Yi cultivates the body, and the god Is kind and kind, and the god who looks forward to the heavens is the so-called supreme man." The look of adoration suddenly appeared on the tip of the pen.
In 1648, Wei Kuangguo was in Hangzhou, and in 1650, he went to the Holy See to resume his life. In 1655, Wei Kuangguo wrote the New Atlas of China (information found in the East China Normal University Publishing House in 2012, "Introducing China to the World- Wei Kuangguo Studies") published in Europe. In the section "The Tenth Province, the Fifth Province, Jinhua", he writes: "There is also a bridge on a boat in Lanxi, which is even more beautiful than the old bridge that was burned down by the Tartars." However, the researchers of "Introducing China to the World- Wei Kuangguo Studies" said in their commentary that the pontoon bridge "refers to the Puji Bridge located 11 miles north of Lanxi County", based on the records of the "Great Ming Unification Zhi" and "Jiaqing Reconstruction of the Tongzhi". This conclusion is wrong, as the "Puji Bridge" in the "Chronicle of the Unification of the Great Ming Dynasty" is recorded as follows: "In the northern ten miles of Lanxi County, Song Shaoshengzhong, Wei Fu hundred ships on Liang Creek. Renamed Wangyun, now the daughter of Watanabe. The "Puji Bridge" in the "Great Qing Dynasty Unification Chronicle" is recorded as follows: "In the fifteen miles northwest of Lanxi, Daughter Ferry, Song Shaoshengzhong, Wei Bai ship on liang creek, named Puji Bridge." Later renamed Fame Cloud. The bridge is now abandoned, but it is still used as a boat. The record of the Puji Pontoon Bridge in volume 3 of the Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle is: "Pingdu Town is the daughter Duye." Song Shaoshengzhong, Yiren Liu Si complimented the boat to build a beam, known as: Puji, also known as the lower pontoon bridge. Liu Zao, a houyi man, and Li Gongyan, a county lieutenant, successively repaired the rule and changed their names to Wangyun. Long abandoned, Ming Chenghua, Ji du to boat, the east bank to be crossed pavilion. The late Ming poet Jiang Borong has a poem "Daughter Ferry":
The green willows at the head of the creek are clear and sandy, and the red dress on the creek reflects the sunset.
The sunset returns to the people to cross the line, and the bamboo hedge lights are fishermen.
It can be seen that at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Puji Pontoon Bridge in the female port has long disappeared and has not been restored. Wei Kuangguo's "a bridge on a boat" actually refers to the Yueji Pontoon Bridge outside the west of Lanxi City, and Jiang Borong has a poem "Pontoon Bridge" that describes the beauty at that time:
A long rainbow lies in bihong, and tourists seem to be walking in the mirror.
After the most beautiful Jiang Tiantai, several sheng songs step on the moon.
Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle Volume III "Bridge Crossing" Yueji Pontoon Bridge: "The Ming Dynasty was abandoned in the Ming Dynasty, and in the year of Shunzhi Xin (1651), Ji Zhenyi of Zhixian County was rebuilt. "The county chronicle only says that the pontoon bridge was destroyed by soldiers, and as for who burned it, it is not stated. Wei Kuangguo pointed out that it was "burned by the Tartars", that is, what the Qing soldiers did. The county chronicle says that the pontoon bridge was completed in 1651, however, in 1650, Wei Kuangguo went to the Holy See to resume his life, passing through Lanxi, and he had already seen the newly built Yueji Pontoon Bridge, and there was a time difference between the two expressions. The New Atlas of China also mentions that "there are many believers in Christ here, and the construction of the first church in Lanxi has begun." He also talked about black oak and tung oil, which are the characteristic agricultural products of Lanxi. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, when Wang Qishu was living in Lanxi, he once said: "There are many trees on Magong Beach, and in late autumn, there are thousands of fires, and the special grand view is also." There is a poem in his "Lanxi Song":
There are few people outside Magong Beach, and the white sand is clear and clear.
In the late autumn, the East Peak Pavilion looks up, and the red leaves of a river are brighter than the flowers.
In 1658, Wei Kuangguo came to China again with the missionary Nan Huairen and others. On June 11, 1659, he returned to Hangzhou from Macau. In September of the same year, the Franciscan congregationalist Liandang, who had rushed from Jinan to Lanxi, passed through Hangzhou to meet with Wei Kuangguo, and the two debated the Holy See's ruling on the "Controversy of Rites", "The Holy Decree of Alexander VII". On June 6, 1661, Wei Kuangguo died in Hangzhou.
Zhu Shi "is a man of nature, and he is good at medicine, wandering between rivers and lakes, and making friends with many well-known scholars." He said to himself that "Yu Shaobing is weak in quality, that is, in the three volts, he must be tightly wrapped in a heavy coat and a thick quilt, otherwise his head will be closed, his nose will vomit blood, and he will be slippery at night." "After a long illness to become a good doctor, I wish Shi Yi medical skills to travel the rivers and lakes." He is full of energy, nearly old, and has not yet returned to his hometown. "In the autumn of 1670, Gengjiao (1670) was given to the emperor wu Bocheng in Wuxi." In the eleventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1672), Zhu Shi, who was already seventy-one years old, was still boating in Xijian, Yixing. He was married to Chen Weisong (1625--1682), Qian Qianyi (1582--1664), Fang Yizhi (1611--1671), Xu Qianxue (1631--1694), and Ji Zhenyi (1630--? ), Qu Dajun (1630--1696), Chen Gongyin (1631--1700) and other celebrities had many contacts and had poetry to sing. Qian Qianyi's "Muzhai Youxue Collection" Volume 11 has a poem "Walking Pen to Zhu Zijian and Making a Mid-Autumn Festival Alchemy Covenant":
Xiwen Han Zhusheng, Li Jie Xi Shiyu. Anti-theory column supervisor iron, Dr. Pi Za Sang.
After Zi Jian, Xi Hat went north to read. It is called the Yintai Gate, and the Arm of the Servant is a slave.
Shrink your tongue to the right and surrender to The Cold House. Read Jinhua Mountain, hold your knees and wait for the Emperor Yu.
Meet the ancient immortals, and school with green bag books. Herbs are picked and curled.
Pots of chinese medicine trickle down, can Su Huan district. The doctor is in the country of medicine, what is the public and the orphan.
I am old and old, and I use my son to run out of the carving. Lan Jiang came and went for ten years.
Drink my vanilla dew, a drink of inflammation □ removed. Tai Shi Yu Zi Jian, fire cloud steaming eight corners.
Heaven and earth are like cages, and the dances are empty. I smell Hua Yuanhua, and my heart is full of baht.
Spleen or semi-rotten, the medicine is a chestnut comb. Sadness in this world, the heart is rotten.
The snake is hanging in the car, what will it be like to tie your hands? Zi Jian smiled at the sky and looked up at asuka.
Phase period in August and September, visit my red bean house. The white moon is in the middle of the autumn, and the jade plate inherits the square.
On the side of my home, there are more herbs than vegetables. Since Yu Zhonglai, all the medicinal herbs have been immortal.
I looked at the clouds, and waited for the son to fly. Shu Pi Chun Yu Shu, Yu Yan Feng Hui Che.
The "Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle" contains Chen Weisong's "Collection of Huhai Lou" gifted Zhu Zijian poems:
The world is competing for Zhejiang Qishi, Feng Weng Zhu Shuo and the two are.
Weng also served as the Duke of Xia, and Suo also sold medicine to tour the city.
This year's autumn is humorous, and there is a volume of Dragon Wei Book in his sleeve.
Quan Qi Wu Is Old Jiao Thin, Noisy And Long Whale.
The old student read only bitterly, and the wild man was about to be combed.
The same is true of the cure of the sorcerer, and the yongshi knows the truth.
Bian Que is separated from the wall and the crowd is sighing, and there are no and ten thousand fingers.
Lanxi Creek head thousand stacks of mountains, cliffs and he yan.
The number of fairy hairs is unknown, and the orange well in the upper pond is flowing.
Concubine Fei picked up the medicine white jade mortar, and the heavenly daughter washed her hair and green bun sideburns.
In the middle of the alchemy, the silver room Dan stove is light and light.
-----
After returning and drinking the remaining wine, the mountain county Cang Cang only looked back.
There is also a "Liang Xi poem of sending zi jian":
The old man of Lanxi is now Hua Tuo, and his torso is like Qingtong Ke.
Drunken and heartbroken, excited to the paper ink plate dragon.
He is open-minded and open-minded, and the history of history is poor.
A roll in the sleeve is self-oh, and there are not many words in the green and red collapse.
----。
Tongcheng Ren Fang Yizhi's "Fang Zi Liu Yu Cao" Volume 5 has a poem "The Letter of the Thief in the Guest" shows Zhu Zijian":
Half-drunk to beat the drum, Nai has a prison to entrust the Duke.
The wanderer's children cry in their dreams, and Zou Renshu's room is empty.
Yesterday, I heard that the conquest of yun quanbei, the day against the gluttony of the great east.
Too much to use, rarely able to ride a horse to learn to bend the bow.
The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle mentions that Zhu Shi "wrote different kinds of books, but the only one that exists is the Xiyan Sayings". The sub-section of the Seven Classics of the Zhi Scroll, about the "Xi Yan Sayings", is as follows: "Xi Yan said, Zhu Shi wrote, Wang Chongbing said: Mr. Zi Jian is good at Han Fei Zi Shu, so that he can write a text that bends his teeth, and he has written different kinds of books, and he has only seen Xi Yan say that he has the grandeur of empty talk at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and his scorn for Confucianism is not without fault, and if he wants to say it, he is outstanding and indelible. ”
In addition to Zhu Shi's writings, in addition to the Xiyan Sayings, there is also the ZhihaohaoxueLu, both of which were written by Li Yuankuan (1607--? ) for the preface. According to the literature search, the University of California, Berkeley in the United States collected Zhu Shi's manuscript of "Zhi Hao Xue Lu" in six volumes. This manuscript was originally the "Jiayetang Collection", and its collection label has the following information: "Six volumes of the Zhihaoxue Record, written by Lanxi Zhushi, ten volumes of old banknote manuscripts, the old collection of the zhibei zhai, and the collection of collections." The first page title: "Knowing how to study well, Lan Xi zhu Shi Zi Jian, male master Zheng Uncle Zhang, doorman Jiang Taozi Fa Tong." "Compared with "school", at the end of the Ming Dynasty, to avoid the name of Emperor Xizong Zhu Youxiao (reigned 1621--1627), people in the early Qing Dynasty still continued to write. The "Self-Prologue" of the "Zhihaohaoxue Record" was written by Zhu Shi himself, and the last inscription reads: "On the ninth day of the eleventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1672), the seventy-first Weng Zhu Shizi jianzhi knew the Yang Envy Xibei Zhou Si. "Nine days" or "September" is a mistake, or a leaky month. "Yang Envy" refers to Yixing, Jiangsu, that is, this preface written by Zhu Shi on the Ship of Yixing. The book has "introduction" and the last inscription: "Lanxi Zhu Shizi Jianzhi, Shi Yi di (1675) Qing and Yue Shuo, the year seventy has four." "The whole book consists of six volumes, and the contents of each volume are: Volume 1 Epistles: Volume 2 Epistles: Volume 3 Treatise: Volume 4 Preface: Volume 5 Miscellaneous Works: Volume 6 Medical Category. Before the "Table of Contents", there is a passage that reads: "In the past, there were people who called him a good scholar, that is, to be able to learn well, but to learn well, because of stealing in the name of contempt." Zhu Shi clearly said the reason why he named this book "Zhi Hao Xue Lu". Wang Chongbing (1653--1739), a native of Dongyang, had not seen Zhu Shi's Zhihaoxuelu (知好學錄), saying: "Yu only saw his writings of Xiyan Said".
Because there is this passage in the "Qiyou Chapter": "Ding Hai (1647) In May, Mr. Wei Jitai passed through Lingyan, and Shi Shanlou sat in the rain. Some people believe that "Lingyan" is the "Linglong Rock" in the Lingdong Mountain, and speculate that Zhu Shi lives there. In fact, Zhu Shi has indicated his place of residence in the Records of Knowing and Studying Well. There is a passage in the book "Mountain Residence", he said: "Yuju Ziyan Township Mountain Village, named Eight Stone Creek Tang Estate. In the "Friends of the Mountain Residence", it is said: "Purple Rock Township, ancient title also." Before Liu Xiaobiao, he had a former name. The township leans on the mountain, and the county is north of the mountain. In the summer of 1646, Yu lived in it, looking out and listening to the reclining line, and at any time there was a cool and desolate cause. In March of that year, Lanxi was included in the territory of the Qing Dynasty. Probably because of the changing situation, in the summer, Zhu Shi moved from Lanxi City to The Tang Village of Eight Rock Creek in Ziyan Township. Zhu Shi's protégé Jiang Tao was a Jinhua, and Jiang Tao is mentioned in volume 5 of the Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle, "Literature", "Xu Teng, Zi Yunxi, Yi Zhusheng." Less from Jinhua Jiang Tao, Tao wrote the "Jinhua Words and Deeds Strategy" before it was completed, and it was heeled into it. This means that Jinhua Jiang Tao wanted to write a book called "Jinhua Words and Deeds", but he did not finish it. Lanxi Xu Teng then wrote out the book. There is a passage in the "Records of Knowing good learning" "Jiang Zifa Jiluo", with the inscription: "Ying Yin (1686) Zhongyuan Wei carving, eighty-five old people Zhu Shi burned yellow ripe Duan Yan and recognized." Zhu Shi said, "Jiang Zifa, Mingtao, Qi Shiye." Although he lives in Jinhua Baizhu, it is only five or six miles away from Yushe. Bai Zhu was now near the Jinhua Bamboo Horse Museum, and Zhu Shi said that Bai Zhu was only five or six miles away from where he lived. As early as the ninth day of the ninth day of the Second Dynasty (1665), Zhu Shi wrote a "Biography of Wu Yousheng", saying: "If you taste the young students at the Hehu Village Hall, you will return to the same place along the Banqiao Qingxi, and accompany you with the language." It can be seen that the area of Zhu Shi's activities at that time was roughly at the junction of Lanxi and Jinhua.
I wish Shi Sheng a hospitable nature and a happy friendship. There is a "farewell friend" in the book, which is very straightforward: "Give sexual friends also, good, friends also, set up a bamboo leek fresh, will want to recruit my friends to start with it." "With seasonal vegetables and vegetables, I will call on friends to share happiness."
In the five miscellaneous works of the "ZhihaohaoxueLu" volume, there is "Even Yin", which contains some poems by Zhu Shi, and there is a passage written by Jiang Tao: "Teachers and students do not write poems, and poems are even ears, that is, even if they are even poems, they are not poets and poems." After the appendix is miscellaneous, swim its disposition with few acquaintances, and the disciples are knowledgeable. Zhu Shi is not good at poetry, there are not many poems that have survived, and two poems are recorded, one "Tangcun Bridge", which is a bridge describing his place of residence:
The rain and forest are quiet, and the mountains are oblique in the evening.
The wild shop is based on a lone tree, and the village bridge is slippery.
Birds peck at the sand, dogs bark at bamboo fences.
The white-headed hoe of the clouds, the East Wind from the family.
The other is a poem evaluating the celebrity Wang Yangming, titled "Reading Wang Yangming's Collection":
Despite the mighty rebellion of the people, he mistakenly called Rigaku a famous minister.
Yangming Academy used to be, Mo Dai Ru acid ruler two towels.
In his poem, Zhu Shi highly appreciated Wang Yangming's exploits in quelling the rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ningning, but he was very dismissive of Wang Yangming's reputation as a "famous scholar of science" and was quite shocking to the world.
Volume VI is the "medicine" category, and there is a "record of medical quotations", which falls: "Kangxi Five Years (1666) Midwinter Shuo, Eight Stone Creek Seventy Old Man Zhu Shi Zi Jian Zhi Zhi." In that year, Zhu Shi was more than sixty years old, and "seventy" or misrepresented for the manuscript. There is also a "medical letter", which is "Kangxi Sixth Year (1667) Flower Dynasty, Jian Old Man Zhu Shi Zhi in Zhangbian Bamboo." "Flower Dynasty" ancient time "February 12th", that is, the birthday of the god of hundred flowers.
The preface to the "Zhihaoxuelu" is titled "Nanchang Friend Li Yuankuan Zuo Yanshi Writing", which says: "Yu Jie's preface Zijian's "Xi Shu Shu" is a time to read his "Zhihaoxuelu" text, and he cannot stop his words and think that it is a quotation. "Li Yuankuan, zizuo yan, trumpet Bo'an, Jiangxi Nanchang people, late Ming and Qing beginners, poets." Chongzhen Yuannian (1628) Jinshi, served as the chief of the military department, the military department of The Middle, taught Zhejiang Tixue Youshi, the History of ming listed the 121st record that "Yuan Kuan was deposed by the strangeness of the style." "The Little Knowledge of the Emperor Lie" Volume IV "Zhejiang Tixue YouShi Li Yuankuan with stylistic affairs. After Ming's death, he lived in simplicity, read behind closed doors, and wrote "Jin Xian Tang Manuscript". Li Yuankuan was deposed in the Ming Dynasty, and his writings were "imprisoned in words" in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Shilu - Qianlong Dynasty Records Volume 175: Qianlong Forty-four Years (1779) He Hai Zhengyue Jiayin, "Inspector Hao Shuo of Jiangxi found out that the Ming Dynasty Jinshi Li Yuankuan's "Collection of JinxianTang" and his son Li Zugong's "Endless Collection" were all nuclearly contradictory. Except for the surrender and cancellation of the original book, it is strictly forbidden to be paid and sold by the governors of the same text. "The Qing court forbade the destruction of Li Yuankuan's works, and the Zhushi works prefaced by Li Yuankuan were naturally also implicated, so they were extremely rare. So far, I have not seen the publication of "Zhihaoxuelu", and at present, only the manuscript is known to be preserved overseas.
Zhu Shi has a wide range of knowledge, he believes in Catholicism, and is good friends with Western missionaries such as Wei Kuangguo, Li Yufan, Guo Duomin, Liu Ruohan, Ba Daoming, Xu Feilu, Xi Bailu, etc. At the same time, he is quite particular about the traditional Chinese feng shui theory, and the Chinese and foreign knowledge is blended and not contradictory. At that time, a Quzhou native Zhou Zhao admired Zhu Shi's feng shui knowledge very much, and said in his "Essays on The Double Bridge": "The world likes to talk about feng shui, and every time they see a celebrity, as well as a village and a city. But Yu did not speculate on himself, secretly thought that it was not the same, the so-called solo shooting was silent, and it was a laughing ear to shake in vain. I have heard that Mr. Lanjiang Zhu Zijian has seen the same thing, although Yu has not tried to enter his hall, read his text and has been friends for a long time, and often relies on it to strengthen himself. Tang Biao, a lanxi native, also studied the theory of feng shui, and his friendship with Zhu Shi was very deep, and the two often exchanged feng shui with each other. Tang Biao (1640--1713), zi yixiu, lived in Lanxi City, Qing Shunzhi eighteen years (1661) years of tribute. Since childhood, he has read a lot of books and studied with Huang Zongxi and Mao Qiling. He has successively served as a huijian, Changxing, Renhe and a teacher. After his dismissal, he was known as "Jinhua Famous Residence". He is the author of "Two Articles of Personal Ease", "Life Must Read", "Reading composition method", "Father and Teacher Good Seduction Method" and so on. Tang Biao once wrote a letter to Zhu Shi, in which he asked Zhu Shi to delete an article in the collection of essays, "saying that there are feng shui chapters in its collection, and it is urgent to delete them, for fear that it will be the excuse of the world with impure texts." "Zhou Zhao did not agree with Tang Biao's abruptness," Yu said with Yi Xiu's words as particularly respectful, and then questioned it. He believes that "Zi Jian Feng Shui is well cited, but there are five sutras that do not talk about feng shui, so the wing repair is folded with the five classics, and the rest does not speculate on itself and folds it with the five classics, and the wing repair is unknown and does not go deep enough to be surprised." ”
The Taiwan Commercial Press's "History of Catholic Missionary Work in China" published by Delixian recounts that during the reign of Qing Shun, in addition to the Yesu Society, there were also Franciscans and Dominican Societies in Zhejiang. Many Spanish Dominicans from Manila came into Zhejiang from Fujian and lived near Lanxi. The Yesu priests descended from Hangzhou to the south of the Qiantang River and gathered in Lanxi. The two sects of the Yesu Society and the Dominican Association have different views on the issue of Chinese worship. In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1684), Zhu Shi, who was 83 years old at the time, and six other Lanxi catholics wrote to Bishop Luo Wenzao and asked him to come to Lanxi as soon as possible to preach. The letter is signed Cho Xe, which is a transliteration of Zhu Shi. Wishing Shi a long life, the year of death is unknown, and it is yet to be verified in detail.