Beihai coin printed by Jilubian Branch (length 9.3cm width 5.3cm, dark red one-dime coin). On it is the words "Thirty Years of the Republic of China, Each Corner is exchanged for the National Currency". Id: 0987700
In 1946, the Beihai coin (12.4cm long and 6.1cm wide) issued by the province was issued in a unified manner, with a dark blue color and a face value of 100 yuan. The coin has the words "Shandong" on both sides of the front and "Thirty-five Years of the Republic of China" at the bottom. Number: jj139230
It is located in the former site of beihai bank in Dongda Mulberry Village, Huangjia Town, Leling City
Recently, the author walked into the former site of the Jilubian branch of the Beihai Bank in Dasangshu Village, Huangjia Town, Leling City, and the three old green brick houses suddenly reminded people of the past glory days. The yellowed old coins on the walls and the precious documents in the display cabinets tell people about the birth of the Hebei Lubian Branch of the Beihai Bank during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Although the Jilubian Branch existed for only two years, she gathered in the torrent of financial struggle against the enemy in the Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area and became a part of the head office of the Beihai Bank, making indelible contributions to consolidating and developing the financial undertakings of the Shandong Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Base Area at that time.
A small Beihai coin has become an important witness to a period of history.
In the midst of war
Beihai Bank Jilubian Branch was born in Leling
In September 1938, the Eighth Route Army led by Xiao Hua arrived at Leling County with an eastward anti-Japanese advance column and established the Military and Political Committee of the Jilu Border Region. While waging a tit-for-tat military struggle against the enemy, the Party committees of the border areas are also waging a struggle against the enemy on the financial front. In the second half of 1940, in the Jilu Border Region, there were "UnionPay coupons" issued by Japanese and counterfeits, "legal tenders" and "minsheng coins" issued by the Kuomintang government, and "money stickers" printed by various chambers of commerce. The people suffered greatly, and sometimes a sack of money could not buy a sack of grain, and the banks had reached the point where they had to do it. At that time, the Anti-Japanese Forces in Jiaodong, the anti-Japanese base area of Shandong under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, founded the Beihai Bank in Ye County (now Laizhou City) in December 1938, so the Party Committee of the Jilu Border Region decided that Zhang Yaozeng , deputy secretary of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Border Region and head of the Financial Section of the First Special Office , was responsible for the preparation of the Jilubian Branch of the Beihai Bank in Leling County in accordance with the financial situation at that time, in order to push out the legal tender to prevent its inflow and crack down on and resist counterfeit banknotes.
In June 1941, the Jilubian Branch of Beihai Bank was established in Dasangshu Village, Leling County. One of the main reasons for the location here is that there was an undulating east-west sand dune ridge in the south of the village at that time, up to 30 or 40 meters at the highest point, with dense woods, bushes, and a large area of thorns. In times of crisis, the printing press could move here to hide. Under the leadership of Zhang Yaozeng, Li Pingzhou, Zhang Qilu, Liu Tao, and Ai Guozhi were in charge of specific work. The bank has a printing unit, chief of the unit Wang Yuebin, the code unit, the head of the unit Fu Shouchang, the appraisal unit, the head of the unit Li Pingzhou, the logistics unit, the head of the unit Zhao Peichen. The main subordinate unit is the printing press. At that time, the conditions were very difficult, and Zhang Yaozeng bought twenty ling papers and some ink and flower stickers in Tianjin through his relatives, but transportation was a big problem. Shi Jingfang, commissioner of a special bureau in the Jilu Border Region, managed to transfer these materials to the Xiaozhao family in Ningjin County through the connections of a warlord from Dongguang County, and Zhang Yaozeng managed to get two large lithographic machines from the Yanshan Lithography Bureau and smuggled them to the base area at night. Coupled with a pedal numbering machine (lead printing machine), this is all the machinery and equipment of the bank printing factory. Zhang Yaozeng found Li Shengtang, who knew printing technology, borrowed a lithography machine for printing tabloids of the Leling County CPC Committee and a lithography machine for printing grain stamps from the Grain And Grain Department of the Special Bureau, and printed the first Beihai banknote in the Jilu Border Region on a trial basis at the place where the special office printed the grain stamps, the Northwest Xiaozhao family, the governor of Ningjin County. According to the instructions of the superiors, the Jilubian Branch mainly printed horn bills and auxiliary coins, such as one corner, two corners, Wu horns, one circle, etc., and did not issue more than five yuan banknotes.
Dealing with the enemy
Money printing equipment and personnel were destroyed and sacrificed from time to time
In the face of the crazy sweep of the Japanese Kou, the bank could not be fixed in one place for a long time. Most of the printing plants are selected in villages close to the river, divided into working groups, disguised, hidden in peasant kilns or caves outside the village, working at night and resting during the day, implementing single-line contact, and the printing materials are transmitted by leaders and communication personnel in accordance with the printing procedures. When the Japanese army came to sweep, the printing factory wrapped the printing equipment in oil paper, buried it in the beach, leveled it, and after the wind blew and the river rushed, it could not be seen, and the enemy left and dug out the machine. In peacetime, special personnel are set up to set up sentry posts, and when the enemy situation is urgent, the machines are buried on the spot and the personnel are quickly transferred.
Since its establishment, the banknote printing plant in Jilu Border District has been in the process of continuous migration. In the early days of the establishment of the printing factory in 1941, semi-finished products were printed in the area of the big mulberry tree, and in the caves of the cattle pens of the ordinary people in Chengjialou Village, the lead printing machine was used to code and label. Later, the printing factory was transferred to Ningjin County' Xiaodong family, Zhang Badjia, Xiaozhao family, Military Officer Zhuang, Zhang Hutou, Cabbage Wei and other places. In August 1941, the bank was transferred to the area of Huozhai, Zhao Huangmao's family, Li Xingyu's family and Xiaojiang's family in Leling. There are many trees here, which is easy to hide. The printing machine is installed in the basement of the woods in this area, and some leaders of the printing factory live in zhao huangmao's house or Li Xingyu's house, and the staff lives in Xiao Jiang's house. It took more than a month to dig the hole and the basement, the entrance to the cave was in the courtyard of the masses, the hole led to the hidden place on the edge of the village, and the basement where the machine was placed was all supported by boards and wood. In order to cope with the guerrilla environment at that time and ensure the safety of the bank, a basement was built in the Dafu family, xiao Dong family and Li Mingyang family in Ningjin County, and when the environment in Leling County deteriorated, he moved to these villages to work for a period of time.
Due to frequent battles, the equipment of the printing press was often lost and destroyed by the enemy. In the autumn of 1941, due to the secret of treachery, the enemy raided the village of Chengjialou, the printing factory was surrounded, and when the staff broke through, the machine and the semi-finished products of the horn coins were snatched by the enemy. On June 9, 1942, the enemy gathered more than 20,000 Japanese puppet troops to carry out an unprecedented and brutal sweep of the Jilu Border Region for more than 50 days. As a result, the printing factory suffered two serious losses, one in Zhang's home, and the other in Hou's home, a part of the semi-finished products and books, and at the same time sacrificing several comrades.
In August 1942, the Jilubian Branch of the Beihai Bank was moved to Haixing County, Hebei Province. During the more than a year that the Border District Bank had endured hardships and dangers, the staff of the Border Region Bank persisted in production and struggle, and gave a strong response to the financial offensive carried out by the Japanese Kou.
The branches marched toward unity in the victory of the revolution
After the establishment of the Jiaobeihai Bank at the end of 1938, the governments of other anti-Japanese base areas in Shandong used the name "Beihai Bank" when they founded their own banks. In 1940, the Shandong War Trade Union established the head office of Beihai Bank in Qingtuo Temple, Linyi County (now part of Yinan County, Shandong), and in 1941, the Shandong Financial and Economic Cultural and Educational Conference was held, and it was decided to establish a unified organizational structure of Beihai Bank in the province. At that time, the Beihai coin issued by the banks of the border area was customized in style, indicating the region and circulating in different regions. In September 1943, the banknote printing factory of the Jilubian Branch of the Beihai Bank merged with the banknote printing factory of the Qinghe Branch and renamed the Banknote Printing Factory of the Bohai Branch of the Beihai Bank, located in Yangjia Village, Kenli County, with more than 80 employees and the equipment has begun to take shape. The repair workshop of the printing plant was moved to Dezhou City after several turns, becoming the predecessor of the Texas Machine Tool Factory. At the beginning of 1944, with the approval of the Northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the two districts of Jilubian and Qinghe were merged into Bohai District. Beihai coins printed by the Bohai Branch Banknote Printing Factory are circulated and used in the region. In March 1944, the Qinghe Branch and the Jilubian Branch were merged into the Bohai Branch with the change of zoning. Soon, the Bohai Branch set up a branch in Texas. Since August 1944, the Beihai coin has been in unified circulation in the Shandong base area, stopping the circulation of sub-districts, and completing the unification of the province's currency.
Bank of the North Sea
It has become one of the three founding banks of Chinese Minmin Bank
In December 1948, under the unified leadership of the Communist Party of China, Beihai Bank merged with North China Bank and Northwest Farmers Bank to form China's National Bank, Chinese Minmin Bank. Beihai Bank became one of the three founding banks of Chinese Min Bank, and the Dezhou Branch of Beihai Bank was renamed Chinese Min min Bank Dezhou Branch. Due to the need to carry out business, Beihai Bank continued to operate. At the end of January 1949, the Beihai Bank began to recover beihai coins in batches at a fixed price of 1 yuan compared to 100 yuan, and by November 6, it was publicly announced to the public that it would be redeemed, and most of them would be recovered at the end of the year, and a few would be extended to 1950. In April 1949, Beihai Bank entered Jinan, and on November 1 of that year, it was renamed Chinese Min bank Shandong Branch, and Beihai Bank finally completed its historical mission.
□ Zhang Guoqing