What is the exquisite way to eat crayfish, listen to what the teachers of the first crayfish professional school in China say

In this season, if you don't post a few beautiful pictures of crayfish in your circle of friends, you are embarrassed to say that you are still playing in the circle of friends.

According to the "China Crayfish Industry Development Report (2017)" released in June, in 2016, China's total crayfish production became the world's largest crayfish producer with 899,100 tons (including fishing production). As of the second quarter of 2016, the total number of crayfish franchise stores nationwide reached 17,670, which is three times the number of KFC stores in China.

"The crayfish industry is very hot, but the professional operation talent is still relatively lacking, we want to start from the upper design piece, build a more perfect talent system." In an interview, staff from China's first professional school for crayfish unraveled the public's doubts about opening a professional school for crayfish. Hubei Qianjiang Lobster College's crayfish major, the first batch of 86 new students admitted this year, will start on September 1, in the curriculum is characterized by lobster cooking, breeding, etc., after admission, sign an employment agreement, and can not change majors. The surging question invited Yao Shukun, a freshwater aquaculture engineer who will teach at the college, to talk with "Pengyou" about how this alien species has become a three-habitat "star" in agriculture, industry and service industry in China.

Xiao Pengyou: I just learned that crayfish are exotic creatures? Can you help popularize the history of crayfish?

Yao Shukun: Crayfish, scientific name Crayfish. It belongs to the phylum Arthropods, Crustacean, Decapoda, Largaeidae, and protocephalus in animal taxonomy. It is a small and medium-sized individual in the freshwater crawfish family, native to North America, and is now widely distributed in more than 40 countries and regions on five continents of the world. Crayfish are commonly known for their close resemblance to the large lobsters of the Mediterranean Sea. In 1918, during World War I, Japan was the first to introduce crayfish from the United States as food, pet and bullfrog feed, allowing it to multiply and spread in large areas. China's crayfish were introduced from Japan in the 1930s. But the reasons for its introduction vary, with more preference for Japanese merchants at the time who brought crayfish into China as pets. Now it has spread to more than 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with the largest number of populations, widely distributed in rivers, lakes, ditches, ponds and rice fields. It has become one of the main economic crustacean aquatic animals in China, and has become an important special aquatic product for export earning foreign exchange.

Xishanlang: It is said that eating crayfish is not clean, there are parasites, and eating is unhealthy, is this true?

Yao Shukun: There is a misunderstanding here, in fact, the parasites in crayfish are not harmful to ordinary people. Freshwater crayfish, like crabs, fish and other aquatic animals, have two types of parasites that can be parasitized in their bodies: protozoa and protozoa. Protozoa mainly include microsporidium, gumsporidia, tetramembrania and apocrystozoa. Parasitic offsites include trematodes, tapeworms, nematodes, neoepines, and twigs. These parasites have a lot to do with the water environment. Artificial breeding has higher requirements for the water environment, and it has been prevented and disposed of in the early stages to kill these pathogens. These parasites can be killed by cooking at high temperatures, so it is recommended to cook and avoid raw and fresh food. Some people may also have individual phenomena, and people with allergies may be allergic to crayfish.

The shrimp brain of the crayfish, will also say shrimp yellow, this is the liver of the crayfish, can eat, it is best to eat less, like the pork liver, people with high uric acid do not eat. Crayfish gills must not be eaten, this is the filter area, very dirty things will be here, parasites and heavy metals and so on.

Qing'er: How to wash the crayfish to clean? Is there any physique that can't eat crayfish? Are crayfish eaten with any common foods that cannot be eaten together? Thank you!

Yao Shukun: Qianjiang rice field clear water shrimp itself is relatively clean, just use a brush to wash the bottom plate to clean.

People with allergies should not eat, people who belong to high purine food, gout people should not eat. Crayfish are high in protein, so don't eat them with some foods and fruits that contain a lot of oxalic acid and phytic acid.

Liu Gang: Does the shrimp line have to be removed?

Yao Shukun: The so-called shrimp line is actually the intestine of the crayfish, and there is food and feces that are decomposed or to be decomposed, which must be removed when eating.

Baidao Nantaiying: Hello! Please ask how to eat the head of the crayfish, so big a lump, all thrown away a pity.

Yao Shukun: The shrimp head mainly concentrates the internal organs such as the stomach, liver, heart, and reproductive glands of the shrimp. The most "dirty" place often said is the gills, and most of the harmful substances are concentrated in the gills and body surfaces. It is best not to eat gills or more when eating.

Shrimp yellow (liver) is edible, but the yellow shrimp blackening indicates that the liver lesion necrosis, mainly due to the deterioration of the pool bottom, eating spoiled food, it is best not to eat.

Pengyou: What is the yellow substance in the head of the crayfish? Can I eat it?

Yao Shukun: The liver of crayfish, which accounts for about 5% of the body weight of crayfish, is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and free amino acids, edible, less eaten, especially for people with high uric acid.

Your name: Is crayfish farming complicated?

Yao Shukun: What basic knowledge and concepts of lobster farming should we reserve in order to effectively avoid farming risks?

First, we need to understand the physiological habits of lobsters. The six major habits of lobster are water-oriented, nocturnal, territorial, benthic, burrowing, and growth by shelling. Only by holding on to its physiological habits can we control it and manage it well. For example, to tie a net to prevent escape is to worry about rain or poor water quality to escape collectively; to feed 70% of the feed at night is related to its nocturnality; the whole pool splash is related to its territoriality; often change the bottom detoxification is related to its benthicity; timely recapture is related to its burrowing; planting grass and protecting grass is related to its shelling.

Second, we need to have the knowledge of aquaculture management so that shrimp can grow in a very healthy environment. It is necessary to deeply learn how to manage water quality in the process of lobster breeding, how to kill insects, sterilization, change the bottom, detoxification, water transfer, calcium supplementation, fertilizer, internal administration, grass protection and other related drugs and functions, for different periods, different situations in time to prevent, so that the grass is tender, the grassland is no more and no less, the water transparency is about thirty, and the lobster physique is strong and vigorous. These are the details that must be done in the shrimp farming process, and they are also the professional knowledge that every lobster farmer must reserve.

Third, we have to learn the fermentation technology and application of organic fertilizers, many novices do not understand, dig a pond after growing a pond of moss, the result is to consume people and consume money and time, many people are busy with this matter all year round, we must learn to use modern biological preparation products, the farm fertilizer into waste into treasure, timely use.

Fourth, wild trash fish are reactionaries in lobster ponds, which affect the substrate, affect the breathing of grass, and affect the lobster's eating. We must learn to control wild trash fish (including loach, yellow eel) these are the killers who specialize in eating shrimp fry, we must have inlet filtration, but also have the awareness of clearing ponds, disinfection, and sunning ponds every year, which is of great significance for controlling wild debris, and aquatic plant cultivation, water quality management, and disease prevention.

(The Paper's reporter Xu Diwei also contributed to this article)