Page 1 About the Author
Ding Ling (1904-1986) was a Chinese female writer. His original name was Jiang Wei (蒋伟), and the word Bingzhi (冰之) was born. Born in Linli County, Hunan Province, a declining feudal family. After graduating from middle school in 1921, he entered the civilian girls' school founded by Chen Duxiu and others in Shanghai, and later transferred to the department of Chinese of Shanghai University. In 1925, he went to Beijing, met Hu Yepin and married a couple, and began his creative career.
In 1927, under the pseudonym of Ding Ling, he published his debut novel "Mengke" at the beginning of the "Novel Monthly". In 1928, he published "The Diary of Madam Shafi", which has been well-known in the literary world ever since. In 1931, he added the Left League and edited the left league organ publication "Beidou". In 1933, he was arrested by the Kuomintang reactionaries, and in 1936, he was released from business rescue. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as the director of the Northwest Field Service Corps.
After liberation, he served as vice chairman of the Chinese Writers Association. Ding Ling's early creations are known for writing about the rebellious character of the awakened bourgeois women and the bitterness of the times, with strong feelings, frankness: truth and meticulousness. Since the publication of "Water" in 1931, it has consciously expressed the life of workers and peasants, and has tended to pursue the beauty of force. Her major works also include novels such as "Shanghai in the Spring of 1930" and "The Sun Shines on the Sangan River", which won the Stalin Prize for Literary Creation in 1951.
Page 2 Evaluation of works
1. The Modern Poet and Literary Theorist Feng Xuefeng's "The Significance of the Sun Shining on the Sangan River in Our Literary Development": This is an artistically creative work, a rather brilliant reflection of land reform, an epic work that brings a certain degree of authenticity; at the same time, this is one of the more significant victories of our proletarian realism at the beginning, and this is the meaning of our literary development.
2. Modern literary and art theorist Chen Yong's "Ding Ling's Sun Shines on the Sangan River": What we cannot forget most about this work is that the author has noticed the complexity of the class struggle in the countryside and the complex class relations in the countryside. As a life-and-death struggle between two classes, the author notices its complexity and sharpness in many ways. She portrays the struggle in a serious, tense and delicate atmosphere. It can be said that in this respect we have few other authors who have appeared so truthfully.
3. Zhu Donglin, professor of the School of Literature of Soochow University, and others, "History of Modern Chinese Literature 1917-2000": "The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River" is written in the early days of the land reform movement in the Liberated Areas of North China in 1946, and through the land reform movement in an ordinary village like Wenshuitun, it reflects the style of this historic struggle that was widely carried out in the land of northern China at that time. The novel takes how the working group leads the masses to expose the cunning and hidden large landlord Qian Wengui as a clue, reveals the complex changes in rural class relations and character personality, and prominently shows the changes in rural class, religion, ethics, morality, and cultural psychology in the land reform movement.
4. Professor Wang Xiaoqin of the Department of Modern Literature of the Department of Chinese of Capital Normal University, "Women's Brushwork" - "The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River" Style Talk" shows that land reform and peasants' turnaround and liberation has chosen a unique perspective - turning the heart. This unique vocabulary created by Ding Ling in her novel shows a unique feeling of a female author about historical change... "Turning over" is a change in the social system, and 'turning over' is a change in the social psychology of peasants, so Ding Ling..... He devotes all his attention to the emotional world of man in the midst of the great changes in history, and takes the psychological contest between the new revolutionary forces and the old reactionary forces in the countryside as the basis for the novel's conception.
Page 3 Background of writing
In 1942, after the Yan'an Literary and Art Forum, Ding Ling was determined to go to the fiery struggle life of the masses of the people to consciously learn from the workers, peasants, and soldiers. In the summer of 1946, when the "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Liquidation and Rent Reduction and Land Issues" (the "May Fourth Instructions") was conveyed, Ding Ling immediately requested to join the land reform task force organized by the Jin-Cha-Ji Central Bureau to carry out land reform in the Huailai and Zhuolu areas on both sides of the Sanggan River.
In Hot Spring Tun, she went from house to house, visited the poor and the suffering, breathed with the masses, shared a common destiny, and blended with the peasants with great interest, "those old people, those most suffering women, those activists, those who came to the forefront of the struggle and the bravest people" brought her "excitement" and "happiness".
The struggle of the Chinese Communist Party to lead the people to overthrow the feudal land system, and the resulting historical changes in the Chinese countryside, gave the writer a profound influence, especially to establish closer ideological and emotional ties with the peasants. She not only changed her thinking in the fiery struggle life in the countryside, but also absorbed the source of creation, obtained rich materials, and at the same time produced a strong creative impulse.
It was on the basis of such life, thoughts, and feelings that the writer began a long-form work in a small village in Fuping in early November 1946. On October 10, 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Outline of China's Land Law. This is a more thorough program for land reform than the May Fourth Directive. In the process of creation, Ding Ling also studied the "Outline of Land Law", continued to read some documents and materials of land reform, and re-understood the problems in the practice of land reform in the previous stage from a higher theoretical and policy level.
In order to enrich the content of the novel, in the spring and winter of 1947, she went to the rural areas of Jizhong, where the land reform was still in progress, to experience life and revise her writing plan. Finally, it was completed in June 1948 at the Zhengding United Congress in Hebei Province, and was first published by the Northeast Guanghua Bookstore in September of the same year.
Page 4 Summary of contents
Gu Yong, a wealthy middle peasant, drove from Bali Bridge to Hu Tai's rubber cart back to Nuanshuitun. Many people in the village came to inquire about what was going on, and he refused to tell everyone the truth about Hu Tai's transfer of the car for fear of confiscating the property in the land reform, but Qian Wengui sent his daughter-in-law back to his mother's house to find out the real situation.
The people in the village were talking about it, and the poor peasants were looking forward to the arrival of the land reform movement. Qian Wengui instructed Ren Guozhong, a primary school teacher, to create rumors that he would change the sky and disturb people's hearts. Qian Wengui was sinister and cunning and scheming--after the Eighth Route Army liberated Nuanshuitun, he saw the wind and sent his son Qian Yi to join the Eighth Route Army and became a glorious military subordinate; he married his daughter to Zhang Zhengdian, a village public security commissioner, and found a wall to block the wind; and he also engaged in false separation of the family, so that he was classified as a middle peasant. The poor people in the village did not dare to touch him, and the village cadres could not do anything about him.
In the summer of 1946, shortly after the "May Fourth Instruction" of the CPC Central Committee on land reform was issued, the land reform working group came to Warm Water Tun. As soon as he arrived in the village, he decided to convene a mass meeting the next day and write a speech behind closed doors.
However, the landlords secretly stepped up their activities, and Qian Wengui was the most rampant, and he used beautiful tricks to force his niece Hei Ni to seduce Cheng Ren, the director of the peasant association; he played tricks in an attempt to direct the struggle of the masses to the landlord Li Zijun. Under the intimidation of Ren Guozhong, Li Zijun escaped. The peasant association mobilized the Li family tenants to go to the door to seek the land title, Li Zijun's wife cried and cried, knelt down and begged for please, the tenants were softened, felt that they could not bear it, they left the Li family, and the struggle against Li Zijun failed.
Yang Liang, a member of the working group, went deep among the masses, visited the poor and the poor, and was welcomed and trusted by the peasants; he and Zhang Yumin, a veteran party member and branch secretary with rich experience in struggle, separately contacted the cadres and mobilized the masses to take care of all the orchards of the landlords in Tuntun and uniformly harvest and sell the fruits in the landlords' gardens.
These victories greatly encouraged the peasants, who demanded to fight against Qian Wengui, but wencai opposed them. At this important moment, Zhang Pin, the propaganda director of the county party committee, came to inspect the work. He was originally the first soldier of the Eighth Route Army to enter the warm water tun and was more familiar with the situation in the village, and as soon as he entered the village, the peasants came to him to reflect the situation. At the meeting he presided over, he supported the opinions of Yang Liang and Zhang Yumin and decided to mobilize the masses to fight against Qian Wengui. At the meeting of struggle, the masses complained bitterly and redressed injustice.
In the end, the congress decided to leave Qian Yi 25 acres of land, and Qian Wengui's rest of the land and property were all distributed to the poor peasants. Qian Wengui was the first of the "eight sharp points" in the village, and after he was overthrown, the masses were greatly encouraged and quickly mobilized, thus enabling this struggle against the landlord class to achieve a stage victory. The peasants continued their efforts and were overjoyed to receive the landlord's land and floating wealth. In order to defend the fruits of victory, a migrant brigade of more than 100 young and middle-aged people went to the front. The working group went back to the county to report on its work and take on new assignments.
Page 5 Quotes
1. The sun hanging in the west, shooting from the willow bushes on the side of the road, is still hot, and the muddy water splashed on the car is also hot on bare legs.
2. She leaned back a little, wearing a new foreign cloth coat with blue flowers on a white background, her hair was cut, a row of neat rows draped over the back beam, the front hair was combed upwards, high, and it seemed to be somewhat happy eyes, looking around, following her father back to her mother's house, which was a rare good luck in the year.
3. "Well, it's almost time to cross the river, the yang river is rising, you sit firmly!" The old man clicked, clicked, tapping on his cigarette bag. The road is so difficult to walk!
4. The two wheels are almost all buried in the water, and the white nose only reveals a large back ridge, as if floating on the water, struggling hard, the big girl hugged the child tightly, grabbed the car rail, and the water splashed from the back of the car to the front.
5. The old man could not see the car clearly, sweat flowed on his wrinkled face, the car sank, pulled out again, the car was very bumpy, and it was flat again.
6. After walking through this field, we are in the vegetable garden again, and the water canal flows outside the vegetable garden, and the field is lined with rows of dark green and light green vegetables. Gu Laohan couldn't express his envy every time he walked through this area, how could he not have such a good land?
7. The sun has been setting in the mountains to the west, and from the crops on both sides of the road, clumps of mosquitoes have flown out and surrounded people.
8. On both sides are dense woods, short earthen walls surrounded by short walls, some branches stick out of the short walls, most of the fruit color is still green, and occasionally a few are dyed with some seductive red.
(To be continued)
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