"Confrontation" requires that the text be virtually and really the same in relative position and equal in the rhythm point. Due to the battle, the number of words up and down is equal, that is, the two-line sequence is equal in length.
Duality and confrontation are a major feature of Chinese literature. Two parallel, equal-length units of rhetoric, called duals. Dual sentences can be found everywhere in the poem. The duality of rhythm and peace is called a confrontation.
To study the poetic grammar, it is necessary to mark the flat. We use "0" for "ping" and "1" for "仄".
The basic requirements for couplet creation are: peace and harmony, neat work, and relevant writing. The three are interdependent and must not be abandoned. The law of flatness is the foundation, and the couplet of the irregularity is the unqualified couplet. The key is to rectify the battle, and if the battle is not neat, even if it is balanced and law-abiding, it can only be indiscriminately filled. The meaning of the text is the purpose, and the law of peace and order, the neatness of the battle and the lack of meaning of the text, is aimless, and even produces the opposite effect.
I. The Law of Harmony:
Similar to the Vinaya, the second four and six words are the opposite, i.e
○Ping○ 仄○平○ 平○
or ○ 仄○平○仄○
It is not allowed to appear three flat tails (the last three words are all slang sounds), three tails (the last three words are all flat sounds), and Gu Ping (this statement is different, using Wang Li's statement, that is, the definition of Gu Ping is that there is only one flat word in the rhyme except for rhyme).
2. Alignment of the Battle:
Confrontation is the basic feature of the Yang Lian, and without the confrontation there is no couplet. In fact, the battle itself has included the peace relative. Pulling the ping out of the battle is for the sake of studying the structure. Therefore, The creation of Yang Lian must work the battle. The verses are limited to between the upper and lower sentences, and the words that come out of the sentence and the words in the opposite sentence are not allowed to be repeated. The text is extended to between the first two sentences and the last two sentences, allowing for the overlapping of allomorphic imaginary words. The strict requirements of the Yang Lian for the battle are no less than those of the Law Poem, and the modern Yang Lian does not allow the upper and lower allotments to be heavy. The biggest difference between the Yang Lian confrontation and the Vinaya confrontation and the Luowen confrontation is the development of the self-pairing form, and the development of the self-pairing in the sentence to the same side and self-pairing.
1. Similar words are relative:
Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber" couplet
True or False When False (1100011)
Nothing is there or is not (0011100)
This is a couplet in the fifth episode of Cao Xueqin's "Dream of the Red Chamber", which is very neat. Homogeneous words are opposites, which is the basic principle of war. The association "true", "false", "have", "nothing", are all highly abstract philosophical terms. "To do", "to" are verbs with similar meanings. "Time" and "place" are grammatically adverbs, literally "time" can be understood as "time", and "place" can be understood as "space". "also", "also" are literally adverbs with similar meanings, and can be considered grammatically omitting the verb "is".
More importantly, it must be understood that this conjunction also has an intra-sentence self-respecting self-pair, or a sentence-when pair. "True" is against "false", "has" is against "nothing", and they are all repeated once, which is the essence of this union.
When it comes to confrontation, grammatical analysis is often done in order to illustrate "the same part of speech" or "the same grammatical structure." But overemphasizing grammatical analysis sometimes complicates simple things, and Wang Li said when talking about poetic grammar, "Sentences with the same grammatical structure (that is, sentences of the same sentence type) are opposites, which is the square." But at the same time we should note that there is another case of poetic confrontation, which requires only literal opposites and not sentence patterns" (Poetic Grammar, p. 127). This is also true for couplets. Couplets are highly ornamental art, so sometimes only literal opposites are required, that is, similar words are relative, and especially require imaginary words to virtual words, and real words to real words. In particular, it should be pointed out that as long as the self-alignment is neat, it is relatively unnecessary to require the same part of speech.
2. Avoid palming:
General Business Associate:
Business booming all over the world (1100011)
Caiyuan Maoshengda Sanjiang (0011100)
This link is the spring league common to the old store. It is popular with the business community for its harmony, neatness in battle, and in harmony with the atmosphere of "Wishing you prosperity" in the sound of firecrackers. However, a deeper study will find that "through the four seas" and "up to the three rivers" is a meaning, and there is a suspicion of "joint palm". There are only 14 words in total, and 6 of them can only be used as 3 words, which is a pity.
Couplets are the most refined style, and pen and ink are never allowed to be wasted. In order to provide more information with less text, it is necessary to avoid saying the same thing in two frames. For example, in the Spring Festival League, the use of "Zhen Qiankun" to "shock the world", "Baojiayin" to "Chuanji language", and "Fa Xiang Guang" to "Tengrui Qi" can be emphasized in the Spring Festival League, although it can emphasize the festive or strong atmosphere, it is still inevitable that there is a suspicion of clapping. To avoid clapping, it is necessary to understand that "homogeneous word relative" and "synonym relative" are two completely different concepts.
3. Objection is preferred:
Liu Xun's "Wenxin Carved Dragon Li Ci" Yun: "Creation and formation, branches must be double, divine reason is used, and things are not isolated." He also said, "In the body of the lisword, there are four pairs: it is easy to say what is right, and it is difficult to do things; it is better to oppose it, and it is better to be right to be inferior." The one who says the right thing, the one who doubles the empty word also. The right thing to do, and the person who lifts the test also. Opponents, rationalizers also. Those who are right, those who are different from each other. "Those who oppose it, those who are in harmony with each other" means that although the righteousness is different, the intentions are the same. That is to say, the opposite is the same, and the same destination is the same. This is the essence of the battle. For example:
Liang Zhangju's collection of sentences:
Breeze Bright Moon Ben Priceless (0011001)
Near the water and mountains (1100110)
This is the collection of sentences obtained by Liang Zhangju for editing the Canglang Pavilion Chronicle. The upper link uses Ouyang xiu sentence, and the lower link uses Su Shunqin sentence, both of which are Canglang Pavilion skills. This conjunction uses the antonym "have" to "none", and "all sentient" to "originally priceless". Qingfeng Mingyue is a natural beauty that can be enjoyed without spending money, but for those who do not understand natural beauty or do not have time to appreciate natural beauty, money cannot buy it. The mountains near the water are merciless things, but in the eyes of the poet, they have become sentient things. To say that "near the water Yaoshan" is neat to "Qingfeng Mingyue" means that the sentence is self-aligned, that is, "Yaoshan" is to "near the water", "Mingyue" is very neat to "Qingfeng", and "near the water" and "Yaoshan" are opposed and more interesting.
Wu Shenghui Chunlian:
Ten years of eunuchs colder than plum blossoms (0011001)
One Night spring with firecrackers (1100110)
This is the Spring League written by Qing Wu Shenghui. The indifference of the upper link reflects the bustle of the lower link, and it is also a good example of "opposing is superior". Sheng Hui lives in Chengdu, Sichuan, and has no news of the eunuch's affection, and there is no news of ten years of waiting. A certain year Chinese New Year's Eve and wrote this pair of spring leagues. Governor Xi Liang of Chuan saw that his calligraphy was not a general flow, but was summoned and assigned to Mianzhu Zhi County.
Ji Xiaolan bang Zhu Zhen River:
Academic branches, with the son of life without singing and (11100, 1100011)
Friendship with flesh and bones, after death alone sad (00011, 0011100)
The realism of the upper link gives people the illusion that the friendship is not deep, and it further highlights the weight of the lower link's "love and flesh".
4. Stacked words from the pair:
West Lake Flower Temple United:
Emerald red, warblers and swallows everywhere (1100, 110011)
Storms and Rains, Twilight Dynasty (0011,001100)
The structure of this union is two sentences, consisting of four sentences connecting six sentences. "Red" to "Cui", "Swallow" to "Warbler", "Rain" to "Wind", "Chao" to "Twilight", all of which are self-stacked in the sentence, and the whole uses overlapping words. It can be seen from this that as long as the self-pairs in the sentence are all pairs, the full union must be paired.
5. Same side self-pairing:
Five-word or seven-word couplets have only self-contradictions in the sentence. The couplet of two or more sentences not only has a self-pairing in the sentence, but also a self-pairing between sentences, or a self-pairing with the same side. For example:
Ruan Yuan title Hangzhou Gongyuan:
The next thousand words, when the guizi is fragrant, the locust flower is yellow (1100, -1100, 0011)
Go out and smile, see the West Lake full moon, East Zhejiang Tide (0011, -0011, 1100)
This union consists of three four-sentence patterns plus a collar word (positive /looking). The Gongyuan is a place for examinations. The season of the shanglian lecture examination is very beautiful, and when the exam is full of thoughts, a thousand words are written, and everyone is hopeful. "Gui" and "槐" imply the meaning of "folding gui" and "huai hall", that is, reading, taking exams, and becoming an official. The place where the next joint lecture exam is very beautiful, after the exam, no matter what the results are, you can relax and go to the West Lake to admire the moon and watch the tide in Qiantang. It is very clever to do political and ideological work for candidates in poetic language. This joint "Guizi Xiang, Locust Flower Yellow Queen" and "West Lake Full Moon, East Zhejiang Chaolai" are respectively on the same side, very artistic charm. It can be seen from this that the so-called "work pair" refers to self-alignment, and there is no need to stick to the opposite of the two sides of the word.
The development from the self-pairing of short sentences to the simultaneous self-pairing of long links is an important symbol of the development of the couplet. The same side self-pair is the basic form of long-term linkage.
The basic skills of a battle are "heavy" and "right". The development from the "overlapping opposites" of the two sides to the "self-respect and self-confrontation" of the same side has given the couplet a broad world.
6. Phase weight relative: (eliminated)
Famous all over the world, never left the house
Words are all over the world, and not a word has been exported
This joint hangs in the Qing Dynasty Qian Xiangling Room and is written by Sanfeng Shi Shuo. Liang Zhangju said: "The "Liunan Essay" contains: Qian Xiangling Lucan lived in Yushan in his later years, the old house Sanyao, the appropriate stone plum, songyin Lancui, such as eyebrows. Mr. Wu sat in it, holding thousands of books, and did not quit. Those who pass by his door often stop and wait, lingering, and the gentleman is also self-assured. Room in the list of a league". Qian Lucan, Changshu Ren, Xiang Ling, Yuansha, Shunzhi Juren. Good collection of books, professors in Changzhou, Jinling, from the tour is very numerous. In the Kangxi Dynasty, Xu Qianxue and others were the elders of the annual meeting, Lu Can was eighty-four years old, the teeth were highly respected, and everyone in the meeting was a brother. There is the "Collection of Dispatching And Transporting".
This joint work was made in the early Qing Dynasty. Seven words are heavy in the ten-word union, and the sentences are all slang sounds, which are also rare. No one will do such an unqualified couplet anymore.
7. Self-respect and self-respect
Yuan Zhen'an Gate Union
Buddha's Words Cannot Be Spoken, Unspeakable (00011, 011)
Son knows what is like this, what is like this (11100, 100)
This is the door link written by Ming Jingzhou Taishou Yuan Zhen'an (Yu Ling) after he was deposed, exiled to Jinling, and fell into disgrace. The Vajrapani Prajnaparamita Sutra says, "As it is said, it is not advisable, it is not to be said." The Analects of Wei Linggong has "Zi Yue: I do not know what is like this, what is it, and what I have not done as it is." ”