Part.1 Soviet World War II military weapons
Many of the old Dalian police guns were Soviet-made military weapons, including the Nagant 1895 revolver, TT33 automatic pistol, ppsh-41 submachine gun, pps-43 submachine gun, Mosin-Nagant m1944 carbine, Teggarev light machine gun, and the Krovin tk1926 miniature pistol produced before World War II. Some of the guns have been destroyed and can only be seen in historical archives, and a small number has been preserved.
Historical picture, in which you can see the common name "Seven Stars" of the Nagant M1895 revolver pistol
Nagant M1895 revolver
Nagant m1895 revolver There are 4 existing Nagant m1895 revolvers, and the body inscription shows that the years of production are 1931, 1941, 1943 and 1944. Since its birth in 1895, the gun has been widely used by the Russian and Soviet armies in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and World War II. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, the Nagant revolver was also included in the Soviet Union's weapons to aid China. The gun is robust and has high shooting accuracy, and is commonly known in China as "Seven Tones" or "Seven Stars" due to its crisp sound and 7 rounds of ammunition capacity. In a historical picture from the period of the Brigade Liberation Zone, we can see the common name of "Seven Stars", which is a pistol captured from the Kuomintang underground organization.
tt33 automatic pistol, entered Dalian with the Soviet Red Army in 1945, known as "Soviet-style big pick" and "Soviet-style no. 1 pick"
tt33 automatic pistol This gun is the standard equipment of the Soviet Army during World War II, and entered Dalian with the Soviet Red Army in 1945, known as "Soviet-style big pick" and "Soviet-style no. 1 pick". In the early days of the liberation of the brigade, the public security organs were the first to obtain tt33 pistols from the Soviet army, but the number was very small. The gun, as well as the ppsh-41 submachine gun and the pps-43 submachine gun, were discontinued around 1947 because the Kuomintang government used the United States to exert pressure on the Soviet authorities to take over the administration of Dalian, taking into account the needs of Soviet diplomacy, and the Dalian public security organs sealed these weapons. However, Soviet weapons such as the TT33 pistol and the ppsh-41 submachine gun were also found in the weapons seized in the cracked cases of Kuomintang agents and underground organizations, and these weapons also came from the Brigade Grand Soviet Army. From the historical archives preserved by the public security organs, it was learned that the discipline of some Soviet troops who were initially stationed in the brigade was lax, and soldiers stole scrap guns and sold them from time to time. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, all kinds of Soviet-style weapons were successively withdrawn from the equipment sequence and scrapped and destroyed. The two surviving tt33 pistols were sorted in 2011 in a pile of Type 54 pistols to be destroyed by the Municipal Public Security Bureau. One of them was used by the police academy for teaching purposes, and two sections were cut to show the internal structure of the gun, although the gun number and production year have been cut off, but from the characteristics of the sleeve anti-slip teeth (wide teeth), it belongs to the production during World War II; the other part is complete, the sleeve anti-slip teeth are thin teeth, belonging to the late type, gun number Г0251, production year is 1949.
Mosin-Nagant m 1944 carbine, known as the "new type of water beads" during the period of the Brigade Great Liberated Area
Mosin-Nagant M1944 Carbine The gun was designed to meet the needs of combat in the urban streets and alleys, with a total of about 7.61 million units produced. From 1944 onwards, the gun replaced the Nagant 1891/30 rifle and the M1938 carbine as the standard weapon of the Soviet Red Army. All models of the Mosin-Nagant rifle are known in China as the "Water Bead Rifle". The "Water Rifle" first entered Dalian with the Russian army in 1898, and was the main light weapon equipment of the Russian army from 1904 to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. In 1945, the Soviet Red Army entered the Brigade University and sold a part of the "Water Lianzhu Rifle" to the General Public Security Bureau of the Brigade University to equip the public security forces, most of which were M1891/30 rifles and M1944 carbines produced during World War II. The only "water bead rifle" in the existing Dalian police old gun is the m1944 carbine, which was called the "new type of water bead" during the period of the Brigade Liberation Zone.
Teggarev light machine gun, serial number Жx618, year of manufacture 1942
The gun, also known as the dp light machine gun, was developed in 1926, finalized and manufactured in 1927, and officially equipped with the Soviet Red Army in 1928, which was the main light machine gun equipped by the Soviet Union in World War II. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the Teggarev light machine gun accompanied the Red Army in every major military operation. During the period of the Brigade's Great Liberated Area, the Teggarev light machine gun, like other light and heavy machine guns, was generally equipped in the police force, during the Northeast Liberation War, most of them supported the front line, and the number of public security organs remaining was small, and the existing dp light machine gun was serial number ЖХ618, and the production year was 1942.
TK1926 miniature pistol, should be a senior Soviet officer left in Dalian when evacuated
TK1926 miniature pistol Among the old police guns in Dalian is a relatively rare tk1926 miniature pistol, which is called the Clovin miniature pistol, which is an automatic pistol designed by soviet firearms designer Sergei Alessandro Krovin and manufactured by the Tula Arsenal after the establishment of the Soviet regime. Originally a small pistol for shooting sports and personal self-defense, but after its production, it was not used for civilian use, but was equipped with senior Soviet officers, senior government officials, police, secret agents and internal affairs forces, and the gun was discontinued in 1935 because the maximum number of serial numbers observed exceeded 500,000, and the number of analytical production was more than 500,000. The pistol preserved in Dalian, analyzed as the gun of a senior officer of the Great Soviet Army stationed in the brigade, remained in Dalian during the evacuation.
Part.2 High-powered pistols aided by Canada
More than 10 Canadian-made Browning high-power pistols are retained in the old dalian police guns, of which the smallest serial number is 3ch379 and the largest serial number is 5ch927. These pistols are part of the Canadian China-aided weapons produced by john inglis company during World War II, commonly known as "Canada No. 1 pick". Although there have been many domestic articles in the past that have introduced the gun, the numbered batch of the gun is not completely introduced. In order to find out the origin of these guns, we have systematically sorted out the historical materials about the guns.
In 1940, when military conflict broke out in Europe, Canada followed Britain in the battle of the European theater and became an ally of World War II with China. In order to jointly deal with Japan in the war, China and Canada established diplomatic relations at the ministerial level in August 1941, and military cooperation between the two countries intensified. In 1943, the Canadian Parliament passed the Canadian War Appropriations (United Nations Mutual Aid) Act, followed by an agreement with China on the principles applicable to the supply of Canadian war supplies to China, and then, under the Agreement and the Mutual Aid Act, a portion of the $1 billion military appropriation was provided to China. On April 10, 1943, China submitted to Canada a list of munitions it wanted to obtain, including the Bren light machine gun produced by Inglis and the Browning high-power pistol being trial-produced.
In 1940, after Belgium was captured by the Germans, FN was also fully taken over by the Germans. During the German occupation, the Browning high-power pistol produced by FN became the german standard weapon. At the same time, the fn pistol designers and engineers who escaped from Belgium, with the help of the British government, used an original sketch to redraw the drawings of the high-power pistol, and produced a test gun at the Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield in June 1943. Under the mediation of representatives of the Chinese and British governments, on November 23, 1943, FN and Canada reached an agreement on issues such as royalties involved in the production of high-power pistols, and China also provided 6 high-power pistols produced by FN Company before the war as imitation samples. After obtaining physical samples and pistol drawings, Inglis produced some of the test pistols in December 1943, and on January 14, 1944, the test guns passed the test.
On January 18, 1944, Treasury Canada issued an order approving $6.804 million for the manufacture of 180,000 pistols supplied to China. On January 31, 1944, the first batch of high-power pistols produced for China, known as the No.1, was completed.
At the same time, the United Kingdom was also granted military materiel assistance for 50,000 pistols (1.89 million Canadian dollars) for 2 years from Canada, and the first batch of 1,000 high-power pistols produced by Inglis for the United Kingdom was shipped to the United Kingdom in March 1944.
Canadian supplies to China were transshipped through India, and in June 1944 the first batch of 4,000 high-power pistols made for China landed in Karachi, India. At that time, there was already a backlog of Chinese munitions in warehouses in Karachi. The Nationalist government was blamed by the Canadian side for not transporting these supplies back to China in time. The Canadian side complained that the Chinese side was hoarding materials and was suspected of using it for other purposes. In its report to China, the Canadian Embassy said: "China does not use mutual aid military supplies, but prefers to let military supplies pile up in India." Continuing to produce for Chinese accounts means equipping a post-war army. The U.S. side pointed out that this may be China's purpose. The Chinese side is concerned about the amount of military supplies sent by the Canadian side.
Canadian Inglis high-power pistol. Under the agreement, Inglis supplied China with 180,000 pistols, but by December 31, 1945, only 43,760 pistols had arrived in China
Dominion of Canada verification mark on the right side of the sleeve
The abbreviated verification mark on the barrel is a pair of crossed flags without a crown pattern and letters
Sleeve inscription
In this case, Munitions Canada ranks the order of shipment of military supplies to China last among the allies. The second shipment of high-power pistols scheduled for China, totalling 14,485, was awaiting shipment in the containers of the Quebec Longue Pointe Weapons Bureau, only to be cancelled temporarily. On 3 September 1944, the Government of Canada allocated 6,008 of these to the British Special Operations Service (SOE) and the rest to the Canadian Cross-Ocean Force (CAO). Orders in China were restarted nine months later, and in June 1945, 19,000 pistols were shipped directly to Shanghai. By 31 December 1945, the pistols shipped to China included the original 4,000, for a total of only 43,760, a far cry from the original plan of 180,000.
The serial number of a Canadian high-power pistol produced for China begins with the letter "ch". Starting with ch1, the last 4 digits of the letter are retained, and when more than 4 digits, the firstmost digit is moved to before "ch". The highest known serial number is "6ch6960", which means that at least 66 960 ch-numbered pistols were produced in World War II. In addition, Inglis produced another batch of pistols prefixed with the letter "t", which stands for Toronto. This version of the high-power pistol is irreconcilable, often referred to as the Second Type, and the highest known serial number is "9t3628", which means that at least 93 628 Type II pistols were produced.
There are more than 10 Canadian Inglis high-power pistols in Dalian police old guns, and the serial number is between 3ch379 and 5ch927. Although the difference between the serial numbers is not small, it is certain that these guns were all produced from August to October 1945, which was the last batch of pistols accepted by the Chinese government. When these guns arrived in China, the War of Resistance had ended, and they were used as weapons and equipment for the Kuomintang army in the Civil War. These pistols preserved by the Dalian Municipal Public Security Bureau were never used during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, but were captured from Kuomintang agents and underground armed forces in the period before the founding of the People's Republic of China from 1945 to 1949.
In addition to the early prototype guns, the high-power pistols produced by Inglis have a total of 4 different sleeve inscriptions. The first two inscription letters are stamped by hand, the stamping is lighter, and the position of the letters is not uniform and standardized. The first type of pistol made in China, the sleeve is marked with the Chinese character inscription "Republic of China state owned". The second type, which began production in May 1944, is no longer marked with Chinese. The inscriptions of type III and IV are stamped with metal molds as a whole, so they are more unified and deeply imprinted.
The Inglis high-power pistol in the old Dalian police gun belongs to the third type, and there are two lines of inscription on the left side of the sleeve, the first line of inscription is the model of the gun "mk i", of which the star symbol "*", which is an integral part of the model of the gun, appears in the last three inscriptions. Pistols with the star symbol "*" are improved products, and the improved products are different from the earlier products. The second line of the inscription "browning fn 9mm hp inglis canada" Chinese translates as "Browning fn 9mm high power Inglis Canada". On the gun can also be seen verification marks, one of which is the letter "c", and the other is composed of a crossed flag, a crown pattern and the letters dcp. "dcp" stands for Dominion of Canada proof. The later validation marks were changed to a brief style, a pair of crossed flags with no crown motifs and letters, which can be seen on the barrel.
(This article was published in issue 4 (part 2) of 2016, and the official account article has been deleted and revised)