Cao Yongchun, born in 1965, is a professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a fruit tree expert. Graduated from China Agricultural University in 1990, engaged in fruit tree nutrition research in 1995, has been deep into the front line of agriculture, theory and practice, and established more than 1,200 high-quality and efficient demonstration parks in the north and south fruit areas of the country. He has published more than 20 papers, including "Cao Yong Chun Wu Guo Theory" and "Fruit Tree Nutrient Cycle".
In April, the temperature begins to rise, the flow of sap accelerates, the tree begins to grow, the fruit trees bud, the inflorescences separate, the flowers bloom, the new shoots grow, and the fruit sets. The main points of management are: re-cutting before flowering, pollination during flowering, improving fruit set and controlling diseases and insects.
The decomposition scars expand with the flow of sap, powdery mildew and rust appear, and a large number of overwintering pests appear one after another. So, this month's management focus is on:
In particular, the nutrients consumed during the flowering period are mainly used to use the reserve nutrients of the tree body in the previous autumn, in order to reduce consumption, promote the fruit, and carry out meticulous pre-flower re-pruning of flower buds that can be confirmed.
1. Spread the buds. That is, to erase the buds on the back and the saw mouth, and reduce the ineffective consumption of tree nutrients.
2. Control the front and back: the tree with a small amount of flowers, gently cut a small part of the useless branches at the front end of the germinated, control the elongation of the top, slow the growth potential, stimulate the side buds to germinate into branches, and promote the formation of flowers.
3. After the bud germination, when determining the flower bud, remove the excess weak fruit branches on the tree in time, cut the slender string of flower branches, break the middle fruit branches and flower buds in some parts, and maintain the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds at 1:4-5.
4. For varieties with high germination force and low branching force (such as short branch type), in order to promote the development of long branches, cultivate fruit branches to improve yield and maintain robust tree posture, which should be appropriately shortened and suppressed.
According to the 1:3 to 4 flower-to-leaf ratio or 15-20 cm, select a robust inflorescence spacing spacing to thin the buds, and then retain the central flowers and 1-2 well-developed side flowers until the flowering period, and remove the excess side flowers and axillary inflorescences. Can also be in the center after 30% of the flowers, the orchard has pollination trees, directly with the flower thinning agent according to the instructions for flower thinning, no pollination tree, should first be artificial pollination, after 2 hours interval, you can use the agent to thin the flowers, this year the amount of flowers is too large, after 70% of the flowers bloom, with the same procedures and methods for the second time to thin the flowers, after the flowering depends on the fruit setting rate can also be used to thin the fruit according to the instructions, and so after the second time the drug sprayed, you can use artificial one time in place to fix the fruit, the third time the drug spray can be bagged.
On April 2, 2018, the weather forecast was cold in the spring, and the canopy should be sprayed with Spudkin. The tree tray is covered with weeds, corn stalks, etc. It is also possible to pile leaves, firewood, wheat bran, etc. around the orchard or between rows around the cooling night around 12:00 on the night of cooling, and smoke warms up and frosts and prevents frost.
If frost damage occurs, it is found that the central flower is blackened by the frozen female stamens or the stamens are not frozen, but the pistils and ovary have been frozen black, and the natural brassicain 6000 times + Pudekin 600 times + 400 times the bacterial cells are sprayed immediately. The interval of 7-10 days, spraying twice, has the function of promoting the repair of damaged cells, which can significantly reduce frost damage and improve fruit set rate. After frost occurs, the inflorescence (buds) is suspended.
Vigorously promote the release of concave-lip wall bees, horned frontal wall bees, bees, bean bees, etc. during the flowering period, and use insects to pollinate and inseminate. Before flowering, a box of bees is placed every 0.3 hectares of orchards, using insects for pollination.
(1) Collect pollen with strong affinity with the main cultivar, collect bell flowers with buds to be placed, place them on the newspaper with an indoor temperature of about 25 ° C, wait for the anthers to disperse, or irradiate them with 200 watt bulbs; filter out the pollen for safekeeping;
(2) Artificial pointing, that is, using a pencil or brush with an eraser head and other pollinators, dipping in pollen and gently opening the flower stigma to the beginning can be a little; also can be sprinkled with pollen bags, that is, the pollen is mixed with 50 times the talc filler, loaded into two layers of gauze bags, tied to the bamboo pole, gently shake the pollen bag above the canopy, so that the pollen is evenly scattered on the flower stigma; you can also use 1kg of water + 2 grams of pollen + 100 grams of sugar + 4 grams of light carbon boron to make a pollen water suspension, and the fine mist is evenly sprayed on the flower column head. Note: Artificial pollination has the highest pollinator fruit rate on the day the flowers open. Because apple flowers often bloom in batches, especially when the temperature of the flowering period is low, the flowering period is often delayed for a long time, so it should be pollinated in stages, open a batch of teaching, and generally teach 2-3 times in a row.
7-10 days before flowering, control mites, aphids, leafminer moths, shell insects, leaf curl moths, green blind bugs, Kang's mealybugs and powdery mildew, black spot disease, brown spot disease and other diseases and insect pests. With 4.5% perchloride. Imidacloprid 1000 times + Spirospirene 1500 times + 40% sericumazole emulsion 6000 times + 1.8% avermectin 3000 times.
If the spring shoots stop long-term watering, it will make the new shoots that stop long rush out twice, and the non-stop can not enter the flower buds to divide the flowers, so in order to make the orchard have no drought in May and June, it is recommended to water the orchard once in late April to ensure that the fruit garden is not watered in May and June.
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