The 2021 corn major disease and pest control technology plan is expected to be more serious in 2021...
Among them, the occurrence area of three diseases and one insect in corn was 440 million mu, an increase of 13.4% year-on-year. The occurrence of the grassland moth involves the Huang-Huai-Hai and the corn planting areas south of the Huang-Huai-Hai, with an area of 40 million mu, of which 80% is south of the Yangtze River; the occurrence of armyworms may appear in high-density concentrated hazards in some corn-producing areas in the north and southwest, with an estimated occurrence area of 75 million mu; the occurrence of corn borers in most of the northeast, most of the Huanghuai and the southwest is more serious, and the expected occurrence area is 260 million mu; the occurrence of large spot disease is more intense in the northeast, north China and southwest, with an estimated area of 65 million mu. In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of major diseases and insects in corn in 2021, this plan is specially formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
Focus on the prevention and control of grassland night moth, corn borer, armyworm, cotton bollworm, underground pests, large spot disease, small spot disease, rust and other diseases and insects, the overall prevention and disposal rate is more than 90%, the coverage rate of professional unified prevention and control has reached more than 43%, the overall damage loss of diseases and insect pests has been controlled within 5%, and the use of chemical pesticides has been continuously reduced.
Second, prevention and control strategies
Adhere to the principles of classification guidance, zoning policies, and joint prevention and control, highlight the application of green prevention and control technologies, and strive to promote the integration of professional unified prevention and control and green prevention and control. Implement straw crushing and returning to the field, select disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties, and adopt seed treatment, disease and pest control at the seedling stage, protection and utilization of natural enemies and green control technologies for diseases and insects in the middle and late stages to ensure the safety of corn production.
III. Prevention and control priorities
(1) Spring-sown corn area in the north. Focus on the prevention and control of the second and third generations of armyworms, corn borers, double-spotted long-tarsal firefly beetles, underground pests, large spot disease, stem rot, corn nematode dwarfing disease, gray spot disease.
(2) Huanghuaihai summer sown corn area. Focus on the prevention and control of grassland nocturnal moth, corn borer, cotton bollworm, second-generation and third-generation armyworm, peach borer borer, corn aphid, two-point nocturnal moth, thrips, stem rot, ear rot, southern rust, brown spot disease, curved spore leaf spot disease, small spot disease, coarse shrinkage disease.
(3) Southwest mountainous hilly corn area. Focus on the prevention and control of grassland night moth, corn borer, second- and third-generation armyworms, striated blight, large spot disease, gray spot disease, and ear rot.
(4) Northwest Corn District. Focus on the prevention and control of underground pests, corn aphids, leaf mites, corn borers, double-spotted long-tarsal fireflies, stem rot and large spot diseases.
Fourth, the main pest control technology
(1) Grassland nocturnal moths, corn borers, armyworms, cotton bollworms, peach borers and other moth-eating pests. Straw crushing and returning to the field to reduce the number of insect sources; use insecticide lamp binding attractants to trap and kill adults during the occurrence of adults; release red-eyed wasps to destroy eggs at the early stage of egg laying; give priority to the use of biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Coccidioid albicans, Kale noctus nucleocarpus polyhedrovirus, and scarab green zombie at the young age stage of heart leaf larvae, or insecticide spray control such as tetrachlorofenamide, chlorhexabenzamide, methylaminoavermectin benzoate, ethyl polybactericide, and indate. Seize the best period for the prevention and control of young larvae to implement unified prevention and control and joint prevention and control.
(2) Underground pests and thrips, aphids, two-point nocturnal moths, beet moths and other seedling-stage pests. Stubble extermination or stubble removal before sowing, removal of mulch from maize sowing furrows, seed mixing or coating using neonicotinoid insecticides containing neonicotinoidine and other neonicotinoidines, bromocyanosamide or budweiser blends.
(3) Maize leaf spot diseases. Select disease-resistant varieties, rational dense planting, scientific fertilization. At the end of the heart leaf of maize, the fungicides such as Bacillus subtilis, Jinggangmycin a, phenylmethicazole, syringe ester, pyrazole ether ester, propylicin and acestilben were sprayed again every 7 to 10 days according to the incidence of the disease, and the recurrent areas of brown spot disease were controlled in the 8~10 leaf stage of maize.
(4) Soil-borne diseases such as root rot, silk smut disease and stem rot. Select disease-resistant varieties and drain waterlogging in time. Utilize the use of fine nails? Seed treatment agents for ingredients such as rotopyrronitrile, phenylethocyclazole, pyrazole ether esters or tebuconazole are seeded or coated.
(5) Double-spotted long-planted fluorescent leaf beetle. In the pollination period of corn spitting, when the average single-panicle filament exceeds 5, the control is carried out, and the insecticides such as methamidoaminosaminosbenzoate, thiamethoxine, imidacloprid, and high-efficiency cypermethrin are selected, and the fruit ear filigree is sprayed.
(6) Corn blight. Select disease-resistant varieties and plant them reasonably. Seed treatment agents containing thiofurtamide are selected to mix seeds or coat, peel off the leaf sheath at the base of the stem at the beginning of the disease, spray fungicides such as wellgangmycin a, and spray again every 7 to 10 days depending on the incidence.
V. Specialized unified defense and rule techniques
(1) Straw treatment, deep ploughing stubble eradication technology. By means of comprehensive utilization of straw, crushing and returning to the field, deep ploughing of soil, and pre-sowing stubble eradication, the treatment of remnants of land diseases and residues from the field was seriously caused, and the source base of diseases and insects was depressed.
(2) Adult booby trap technology. During the feathering stage of adult phototropic pests, insecticidal lamps are used to trap adult insecticidals, and overwintering adults of corn borer can be trapped by binding enticing agents.
(3) Seed treatment technology. According to the underground pests, soil-borne diseases and seedling-stage pest species, the appropriate seed treatment agent is selected for unified seed mixing or coating.
(4) Pest control technology at the seedling stage. According to the occurrence of pests at the seedling stage, appropriate insecticide spray control is selected. Plots where herbicides have been used in the season should avoid the use of organophosphorus pesticides to avoid drug damage.
(5) Green control technology for diseases and insects in the middle and late stages. At the end of the heart leaf, biological agents such as Thuringiensis and Coccidioides are uniformly sprayed to control corn borer, cotton bollworm and grassland night moth; according to the occurrence of diseases and insects such as leaf spot disease, ear rot, corn borer, cotton bollworm, aphid and double-spotted long-tarsal leaf firefly, the rational use of insecticides and fungicides to control the diseases and insects in the later stage. It is advisable to use high-stalk crop sprayers and navigation operations to improve the efficiency and effect of prevention and control.
(6) Insect control technology of red-eyed bees. In the early to peak period of spawning of pests such as corn borer, cotton bollworm and peach borer, the local dominant bee species are selected, 15,000 bees are released per mu, and 3.5 release points are set per mu, and the release is unified twice at intervals of 7 days.
6. Precautions
1． Insecticidal lamps should be used during peak periods of insect pest feathering and nighttime active periods to maximize the protection of ecological balance.
2． Sexual pheromone booby-trap techniques should be applied in large areas and should not place the cores of different pests in the same trap.
3． Biopesticides should be appropriately applied in advance to ensure effectiveness.
4． The application should be in the early morning or evening, the amount of water should be sufficient, and the application site should be precise.
5． Pay attention to the alternating use, rotational use and safe use of pesticides to delay the occurrence of drug resistance.
(Text/National Agricultural Technology Center)