<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="118" > No. 8 of Dongguan stories in the context of the Xinhai Revolution</h1>
In 1911, the revolution was rife.
After the establishment of the League of The National Revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, it actively carried out the movement of the army and the liaison party to overthrow the Qing court, restore China, and establish the Republic of China. Among the provinces, special attention is paid to Guangdong. Therefore, the revolutionary atmosphere of the Guangdong New Army was extremely tense.
Guangzhou was restored on November 9, 1911
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="67" tens of thousands of civilian troops besieged Guangzhou >, and Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Liangguang who had gone to Guangzhou, fled in disguise overnight</h1>
The failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising not only did not extinguish the people's revolutionary will, but on the contrary provoked a climax of resistance everywhere. After the Wuchang Uprising, the people of Guangdong were full of enthusiasm for the revolution, and under the organization and leadership of the Southern Branch of the League, at the end of October 1911, they successively launched the Five-Way Uprising, which formed a situation of tens of thousands of people's troops besieging Guangzhou for a time.
The city of Guangzhou is also not calm. On November 5 and 8, 1911, the Nine Great Shantangs of Guangzhou and the General Chamber of Commerce of the Seventy-two Lines united with all walks of life to hold another meeting to demand Zhang Mingqi's independence. Zhang Mingqi saw that the army's heart was shaken and the crisis was difficult to save, so he ostensibly sent representatives to attend and conform to Guangdong's independence. However, Zhang Mingqi superficially agreed with the revolution, but in his heart he was still loyal to the Qing Dynasty. At 8:00 a.m. on November 9, when representatives from all walks of life in Guangzhou sent a letter from duduyin to Zhang, they learned that he had escaped with the money. According to the Panyu County Continuation Chronicle Volume 42: On the eighteenth night of the eighteenth night of the month (referring to the ninth month of the old calendar of the Xinhai year), The governor Zhang Mingqi heard that the revolutionary army was huge and fled in small clothes. The deputies had no choice but to turn back and hold another meeting to appoint Hu Hanmin as the governor. The flag of the Republic of China is hoisted in the Advisory Council. The crowd cheered and clapped. The junta was formed.
In the following days, the civil and military officials of various departments, provinces, prefectures, and counties in Guangzhou saw that Zhang Mingqi had fled, and the dragons were leaderless, and they also followed the example of birds and beasts, and successively went to their posts and fled.
Huang Xiayi led the Guangzhou New Army back to Dongguan to stabilize the situation
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > Huang Xiayi led his troops back to Dongguan to stabilize the situation and was elected as the first county magistrate of the Republic of China</h1>
The Qing government was crumbling, but the hundred-footed worm was dead but not stiff. The local authorities of the Qing government still could not see the direction of historical development and did their best to die and struggle. In order to prevent the activities of the revolutionaries, Dongguan, which is a short distance from Guangzhou, has implemented strict martial law measures.
Guangzhou was restored on November 9. At that time, the situation in Dongguan was unclear. The county order was already out of control of the situation, and Liu Zhaohuai, the commander-in-chief of the nationalist army, entered the army to occupy Dongguan Guancheng in an attempt to take advantage of the fire and robbery, and the Guan people were in an uproar. Huang Xiayi personally led two companies of the new army and hurried back to Dongguan to stabilize the situation.
Huang Xiayi received strong support from alliance member Li Rensun. Li Rensun (1888-1954), also known as Xuan Shu, was a passer-by in the east town of Guancheng. Li Rensun's father Li Hanxiang and Jiang Guangnai's father Jiang Zimin passed the Xiucai examination in the same year, so the family lineage is still considered to be a scholar. Huang Xiayi received a strict cultural education from his father from an early age. In 1903, at the age of 15, he was admitted to the then government-run Bao'an Academy (for the last students before the suspension of the imperial examination). During his time at the school, he was persecuted by the school authorities for engaging in revolutionary propaganda activities and was not allowed to take the graduation examination. In 1908, he graduated from the Guangdong Law and Politics School and soon joined the League.
Li Rensun and Huang Xiayi, as members of the Alliance, hit it off immediately. Immediately, Li Rensun, Zhang Wei, and others led the Dongguan military and civilians anyway, and the county ordered Liu Hou to see that the general trend had gone, so he had to surrender. On the 20th, Chen Yichuan, Liu Zhaohuai, and other Zi Bao'an led the nationalist army into Dongguan. Subsequently, Huang Xiayi, a Guanren, was elected as the first county magistrate of Dongguan County in the Republic of China.
County magistrates during the Republic of China period
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="75" > magazines, weaving and dyeing centers, martial arts centers, and drama clubs are all for the purpose of propagating revolutionary ideas</h1>
Huang Xiayi (1885-1943), formerly known as Yanhui, was a native of Huangjiashan, Shilong, Dongguan.
Huang Xiayi graduated from Dongguan Normal School. Together with Li Wenfu, Lin Zhimian and Mo Jipeng, as early as when they were classmates at Shilong Longxi Academy, they were like-minded and joined in the democratic revolution.
During their time at the Dongguan Normal School, the four were classmates again. They once founded the Dongguan Xun magazine in Guancheng to publicize the revolution. After the publication was banned by the authorities, he returned to Shilong and founded the "Weaving and Dyeing Institute" to continue to publicize the revolution as the basis for organizing groups in the form of recruiting art apprentices; at the same time, he also opened the "Zhenwu Shrine" in Guancheng to encourage the compatriots to revitalize the spirit of the masses by practicing martial arts and strengthening their bodies. Together with Mo Jipeng, Li Wenfu, and Lin Zhimian, he organized revolutionary groups to organize the "Awakening Heaven Dream New Drama Society," and successively performed historical dramas about Xiong Fei and Zhang Jiayujing in Guancheng, Shilong, Guangzhou, and other places.
In March 1909, when invited by Sun Yat-sen to perform in Hong Kong, he was introduced to the League by Feng Free, the president of the League.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="80" > participated in three armed uprisings</h1>
Huang Xiayi, along with Mo Jipeng, Lin Zhimian and Li Wenfu, is a student of Dongguan Normal School. In 1910, Huang Xiayi, together with Mo, Li and Lin, participated in the Guangzhou New Army Uprising. In the first month of that year, the southern branch of the League decided to launch an uprising of the New Army in Guangzhou, and the southern branch of the League sent Huang Xiayi and others to set up an organ in Yi'anli, Gaodi Street, Guangzhou, to store pistols and bombs.
Ni Yingdian, the leader of the 1910 Guangzhou New Army Gengshu Uprising, died
On February 12, 1910 (the third day of the first lunar month of Gengji), two unemployed officers, Ni Yingdian and Zhao Sheng, participated in initiating and directing the organization of the soldier uprising. He was stopped by the new army of Wu Zongyu's army under the command of Admiral Li Zhun. Li Zhun sent a gang commander Tong Changbiao to negotiate with Ni Yingdian, who believed that Li Jinglian was a member of the Alliance and tong Changbiao was a fellow villager in Anhui, so he went to negotiate. However, when Ni left after the negotiations, Li Jinglian's troops suddenly opened fire and attacked, Ni was captured and beheaded on the spot, and the 4 rebel generals who accompanied him were also on the scene. The rebel forces that had lost their leadership collapsed, and more than 300 people were killed and wounded on both sides afterwards. The next day, the Qing army arrested more than 100 people. The bodies of soldiers killed in the uprising were buried at the Niuwang Temple (today's Martyrs Middle Road). In addition, at the intersection of Changjiang Middle Road and Huancheng East Road in Hefei, Anhui Province, Ni Yingdian's hometown, there is a "Memorial Tower for ni Yingdian Martyrs of the New Army Uprising in Guangzhou".
Because the Qing army had already taken precautions, the uprising was launched in advance, and after two days of bloody fighting, the uprising once again ended in failure.
In 1910, the New Army Gengjiao Uprising in Guangzhou
After the failure of the 1910 Uprising of the Forces nouvelles, Sun Yat-sen and members of the League met in Penang, Malaysia, and decided to launch another uprising in Guangzhou. The Coordinating Department planned to launch an offensive on March 15 (April 13) of the third year of Xuan reunification. The specific strategic plan is as follows:
Along the way, Huang Xing attacked the governor of Liangguang, Yamen, a hundred overseas Chinese and Fujian comrades.
Second Road Zhao Sheng, a hundred comrades from Jiangsu and Anhui.
Three-way Mo Jipeng, Xu Weiyang, attacking the governor training office, one hundred comrades of Guangdong Beijiang.
Four Roads Hu Yisheng and Chen Jiongming, guarding the flag boundary, occupying Guidemen and Great South Gate, 100 Guangdong Dongjiang comrades and the people's army.
Five Roads Huang Xiayi and Liang Yi attacked the police station, the Guangzhou Central Cooperation Office, and guarded the South Gate of the Great South Gate, and a hundred comrades from Dongguan, Guangdong.
Yao Yuping, the sixth road, occupied the Feilai Temple, attacked the small north gate, and welcomed the new army of 100 people.
Seven Roads Li Wenfu, Attacking the Banner Circle, Stone Manger Ordnance Bureau, fifty people.
Eight Road Zhang Liu Village, occupy the Dragon King Temple, fifty people.
Ninth Road Hong Chengdian, Broken West Locust Second Lane Artillery Battalion, fifty people.
Ten Road Luo Zhonghuo, Sabotage Telecommunications Bureau, Fifty People.
The fighters arrested after the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising were later killed and became seventy-two martyrs
Everything is in full swing. However, on April 8 of that year, an incident occurred: Wen Shengcai, a member of the Overseas Chinese Nanyang League, learned that the French held an air show at Yantang Airport that day, and most of the Qing officials went to observe. Wen was originally going to assassinate Li Zhun, the admiral of the water division, and ambushed in a tea house at the east gate. In the evening, Guangzhou general Fu Qi passed by in a sedan car, and Wen Saw immediately rushed out of the tea house and drew his gun to shoot. Fu Qi was killed on the spot. Wen was arrested while on the run. The frightened Qing government authorities in Guangzhou stepped up their vigilance, and military and police were lined up on the streets. As a result, the April 13 uprising had to be postponed.
On April 23, Huang Xing arrived in Guangzhou from Hong Kong and established a headquarters. On April 25, the Qing Dynasty added two more battalions to the two patrol battalions, and more importantly, the guns of the New Army were also surrendered, and the weapons of the uprising were turned into scrap iron.
On April 27, 1911 (March 29, the third year of Xuan reunification), the revolutionaries once again launched the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou. According to Luo Jinquan, who participated in the Huanghuagang Uprising, in 1906, at the age of thirteen, he became acquainted with Huang Xing, a handyman at the Hong Kong Gaosheng Theater, and participated in the Huanghuagang Uprising. According to his oral account, the exact time of this battle was to start at about 5:00 p.m. on March 28 of the Xinhai old calendar, and the battle ended at 2:00 p.m.
The remains of the martyrs of the Huanghuagang Uprising
During the battle, Huang Xiayi, the original planner, was responsible for the fifth team of the Selection Front Team (Death Squad), leading a hundred Dongguan volunteers to attack the police station and guard the Great South Gate. However, because Huang Xing first made the decision to postpone the uprising the day before the uprising, the people who prepared the uprising were scattered and hidden. However, on the same day, the decision was made to proceed as usual. At this time, the scattered Dongguan volunteers could not know the news that the uprising was proceeding as usual, and Li Wenfu fought alone.
In the famous writer Li Ao's book "The 73rd Martyr", Mo Jipeng had an in-depth exchange with the nephew of Lin Juemin, one of the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang, in Yuanshan, Taipei, 50 years after the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou. When he talked about the significance of this uprising, he said of Li Wenfu: "'Knowing it cannot be done.'" It is the mood of Kong Sage. The person who can best express this mood, in addition to Huang Keqiang (Huang Xing), there is one person, the most nostalgic, he is Li Wenfu. Li Wenfu led a team of fifty people to attack the stone manger, they received the postponement of the order, fifty people disbanded, and then came the march 29 uprising instructions, Li Wenfu was alone to go to the martyrdom and die, I think his feelings, must be more complicated. 'Know what you can't do', just go alone. ”
Lin Juemin among the Seventy-Two Martyrs of Huanghuagang
Although the uprising failed again, Huang Xiayi was not discouraged, and the blood of his comrades-in-arms could not be shed in vain. From August to September of the same year, Huang Xiayi and Mo Jipeng participated in the Xiangshan Uprising, attacking the new army in Qianshan, Xiangshan (present-day Zhongshan), and instigating the new army to do anyway. Since the General Trend of the Manchu Qing Government was gone, there were many revolutionary-leaning people in the New Army. On September 16, the new army stationed in Qianshan, Xiangshan, was all right, the soldiers were not bloody, and the whole army went to Shiqi, together with Lin Junfu and others, to march into Guangzhou, and a few days later Guangzhou was restored.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="81" > presided over the construction of the Huangjiashan Ougong Ancestral Hall, which has become a cultural relic</h1>
During his tenure, Huang Xiayi simplified his administration and loved the people. In the first year of the Republic of China, Huang Xiayi raised funds to rebuild the Ougong Ancestral Hall in Shilong Huangjiashan. Ou Gong Ancestral Hall is not known when it was built, according to historical records, Guangxu Decade was rebuilt (1884). It can be seen that Ouxian Temple has a history of at least 237 years. At present, it is a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Dongguan.
Dongguan Shilong Huangjiashan Ougong Ancestral Hall
There are two theories about the origin of the Ou Gong Temple:
1. Ou Xian, Zi Dongming, Huangjiashan, song renzong was alive. When he was young, he went to Luofu Mountain to learn the Tao from the Huangye people, returned to his hometown in his twilight years, bought a boat to fish, and crossed the people by the way. Later, it is said that one night, there was a Taoist person who made him an immortal, because this person was kind and charitable, and he was deeply happy for the villagers. In order to commemorate him, the villagers chose a Qingjing Temple in the countryside and raised funds to build a shrine, which was initially called "Ougong Ancestral Hall" and later called "Ouxian Temple".
2. Ou Shiru, the ancestor of Ou Shiru, was frustrated several times and was reduced to a beggar. It is said that during the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, he personally visited Shizhen, and Renzong met Ou Shiru when he was on a private tour of Weifu and observed the people's feelings. Through emperor Renzong's patient enlightenment and financial assistance, Ou Shiru perked up his spirit and abandoned literature to engage in business. Unexpectedly, Ou Shiru, who was once frustrated in his career, was smooth sailing in business, and he did not know whether it was the emperor's grace or Ou Shiru's good mind, and soon became rich. Since then, the Ou family has remembered the kindness of Emperor Renzong for generations, and has told each other not to forget it from generation to generation.
Whatever the legend, Ou Xian Temple has a positive meaning of helping people and aspirations. As a Stone Dragon person, Huang Xiayi is full of good feelings for this ancient temple that has been worshipped by the villagers for generations. In order to further promote the positive significance of Ou Xian, he felt that ou xian temple should be built more brilliantly. So he found Ou Xian's descendant Ou Dongming. It is said that Ou Dongming was a rich and charitable party, and he funded the construction of this temple in order to make his descendants remember his benefactor forever.
Huang Xiayi participated in the Xinhai Revolution for many years and his ideas were deeply influenced by the New Culture Movement, which is not difficult to understand why he was motive for designing the main building in the European style when he presided over the reconstruction of the Ou Gong Ancestral Hall. I don't know what the original architectural style of Ouxian Temple was, but after the reconstruction, the villagers of Huangjiashan happily accepted such a "fashionable" Ougong Ancestral Hall. And in the past hundred years, efforts have been made to protect its integrity, and the Ougong Ancestral Hall has become one of the most representative buildings of the early Republic of China in Dongguan.
The Western-style patio inside the Shilong Ougong Ancestral Hall in Dongguan
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="121" > died in the bombing of Japanese warplanes</h1>
Huang Xiayi reformed the old system, revived the republic, and was loyal to the Three People's Principles advocated by Sun Yat-sen. His actions were jealous of Chen Jiongming, who had different political views on Sun Yat-sen, and found a reason to ban him in the Guangzhou Economic and Strategic Bureau. After Sun Yat-sen arrived in Guangzhou from Nanjing, he heard that Huang Xiayi was detained, and immediately ordered honor guards to escort Huang Xiayi out of prison.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the trend of honesty and honesty was very strong. Coupled with chen jiongming's embarrassment, Huang Xiayi resigned from the post of county magistrate to assist Lin Zhimian in sorting out the affairs of Shatian in Dongguan Mingluntang. Later, he assisted Deng Zhongyuan in investigating the achievements of Comrades in Guangdong before and after the Republic of China, and was completely included in the table. In the autumn of 1913, Huang Xiayi participated in Mo Jipeng's "Asking yuan Rigen".
After the failure of the Second Revolution, Huang Xiayi and others fled to Hong Kong. After that, he worked with Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangnai for a long time, and successively served as the director of the Guangdong Provincial Taxation Bureau, the director of the Fujian Provincial Tobacco and Alcohol Taxation Bureau, and the staff officer of the Major General of the Nineteenth Route Army.
In 1937, the Anti-Japanese War Army was revived, and Huang Xiayi managed the finance of Dongguan Mingluntang in Hong Kong. After the fall of Hong Kong, Huang Xiayi returned to Ma Hang and Fenghuanggang. On September 4, 1943, when he was inspecting the military and political centers at Guanguan, Huang Xiayi was killed by a Japanese air raid at the age of 58. After his death, Mo Jipeng also wrote a memoir for him, which was included in Feng Free's "Revolutionary History".
It's a pity! So far, Brother Zhu has not been able to find a photo of Huang Xiayi, the first county magistrate of Dongguan in the Republic of China. At present, the picture in the "Huang Xiayi" entry on Du Niang is a photo of Lin Zhimian. If readers are interested, they can look for photos of Huang Xiayi. This is a topic to fill the gap in Dongguan's historical documents.