recently
The minimum is only 23 mm
The Hainan Little Ji Frog was released as confirmed
Hainan endemic
Statistics are based on relevant paper data
Hainan Island currently has exact records
There are 43 species of amphibians
The reporter learned from the Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau that at present, a total of 14 species of Hainan amphibians have been found in Hainan, which fully reflects the extremely high endemicity of amphibians on Hainan Island and has very special and important significance in species protection and research.
There are 14 species of amphibians endemic to Hainan, namely Hainan Xiaoji frog, Hainan warty salamander, Hainan pseudo-toad, scaly toad, Hainan turbulence frog, small turbulence frog, fine-spined water frog, Hainan stink frog, Hainan qin frog, crispy big-headed frog, Hainan Creek tree frog, Hainan Liu tree frog, eye-spotted Liu tree frog, parrot ridge tree frog. Among them, the scaly toad is listed in the list of terrestrial wild animals under national second-level key protection in Hainan Province.
01, Hainan warty salamander
tylototriton hainanensis
Kadoorie Farm & Botanical Garden Courtesy photo
As an "indigenous people" from the mountainous areas of central Hainan, the Hainan warty salamander belongs to the amphibian family Axoruptaceae, and is the only tailed amphibian endemic to Hainan. The hainan warty salamander can reach a total length of up to 15 cm, the head is relatively wide, the back of the body is tan or black covered with dense warts, there are 1 row of round fistulas on each side of the body, and there are finely folded backs on the thorax and abdomen. The Hainan warty salamander lives in the mountains of evergreen broad-leaved forest belts at an altitude of 600-1700 meters, and the environment is lush and wet under the forest, and the adult salamander inhabits the deciduous leaves or plant roots on the slopes of dense forests. After breeding, it becomes a salamander camp and lives on land, feeding on earthworms, slugs and other small animals. Posture like a gecko, action like a lizard.
02. Hainan toad
leptobrachium hainanense
Hainan toad lives in the grass on both sides of the mountain stream at an altitude of 290-340 meters, the adult toad inhabits the dark and humid environment, generally hidden between weeds and leaves, the body color is similar to the deciduous leaves, not easy to be found, distributed in Hainan Lingshui Hanging Luo Mountain, Qiongzhong Wuzhi Mountain, Ledong Jianfengling and other places. Its most notable feature is that the upper part of the eyeball is blue, which looks like blue eyelashes from a distance.
03. Scaly toad
parapelophryne scalpta
The scaly toad is listed in the list of terrestrial wild animals under national secondary key protection in Hainan Province.
04. Hainan Turbulence Frog
amolops hainanensis
The Hainan turbulence frog lives on rocks on the west side of the sea where the water is turbulent at 800m to 850m or on the rock walls where waterfalls cascade. Adult frogs often climb the cliffs next to the waterfall during the day, jump into the crevices of the cliffs in the waterfall after being disturbed, and hide on the western rocks or shrub branches at night. The breeding season is from April to August, and the egg groups adhere to the rock crevices in the waterfall.
05, small turbulent frog
amolops torrentis
The small turbulence frog is small, the male frog is 28 to 33 mm long, the female frog is 34 to 41 mm long, the adult frog is nocturnal, generally living on the side of the mountain stream or the shore, some crouch on the stones under the waterfall. The frog lives in a large or medium-sized mountain stream at an altitude of 80 to 780 meters, and the vegetation on both sides of the creek is luxuriant and the environment is wet. Adult frogs crouch on rocks at the rapids or on the stone walls on both sides of the waterfall during the day, making a continuous chirp of "squeak, squeak, squeak", the sound is urgent and high, and if it is slightly disturbed, it jumps into the water, generally staying in the water for only 3 to 5 minutes and then floating on the surface.
06, fine thorny water frog
hylarana spinulosa
The fine prickly water frog lives in and around a medium-sized stream at an altitude of 80 to 650 m, and the environment is generally lush and humid. There are more deciduous trees on the banks of the stream, and adult frogs mostly inhabit the rocks of the creek or among the deciduous leaves and grass. Tadpole benthic, mostly hidden under the rotting leaves in Huishuitai, lives in Wenchang, Qionghai, Dongfang, Baoting, Baisha Parrot Ridge, Lingshui Hanging Luo Mountain, Qiongzhong and Wuzhi Mountain, Ledong Jianfeng Ridge in Hainan.
07. Hainan stink frog
odorrana hainanensis
The Hainan stink frog is a genus of stink frogs in the family Apiaceae. The male frog is 49 to 62 mm long and the female frog is 75 to 123 mm long, and the male and female body lengths vary greatly, and the frog lives in the mountain stream of the forest area at an altitude of 200 to 780 meters. Adult frogs often inhabit the rock walls next to waterfalls or in the grass by the stream, jump into the water after being disturbed, and immediately swim to the same side of the shore. The width of the mountain stream is generally 10 to 20 meters, there are many boulders in the creek, there are many rapid waterfalls, and the vegetation on both sides is dense.
08. Hainan piano frog
nidirana hainanensis
The Hainan qin frog lives in tropical rainforests at an altitude of about 340 meters. Adult frogs mostly inhabit the swamp bushes next to the creek or among the wet fallen leaves, and begin to chirp at dusk, and the song is relatively low, and the "grunt, grunt, grunt" is composed of multiple voices. The frog is agile and has strong jumping ability, and is distributed in The Lingshui Hanging Luo Mountain in Hainan.
09. Crispy big-headed frog
limnonectes fragilis
The crispy big-headed frog lives in the gentle shallow streams of the mountains at an altitude of 290-900 meters, mostly moving between stones or under stones, agile, strong jumping, slightly disturbed, immediately with the hind limbs to turn the waves, and then burrowed into the rocks or between the stones.
10. Hainan Creek Tree Frog
buergeria oxycephala
Hainan creek tree frog mainly lives in the large and medium-sized streams at an altitude of 80-500 meters, and lies on the large stones in the creek during the day, under the strong sunlight, the body color is consistent with the color of the stones, which is difficult to find. The frog moves swiftly, is slightly disturbed, and immediately jumps into the water. At night, crawl on the edge of a ditch or a block exposed in a stream, illuminated by the light of a flashlight, and do not escape.
11. Hainan Liu Shu Frog
liuixalus hainanus
12. Eye-spotted Liu tree frog
liuixalus ocellatus
13. Parrot Ridge Tree Frog
zhangixalus yinggelingensis
The parrot ridge tree frog is like emerald, although it is not large, its call is not small. The frogs of the Parrot Ridge bark like cattle, and the sound is loud, thick and continuous. The Parrot Ridge tree frog is also a "chameleon" in the rainforest, and the dark green that appears on the back during the day turns light green at night. It is distributed in qiongzhong, Lingshui and Baisha areas of Hainan Island, and has distribution records in Diaoluo Mountain, Jianfengling and Wuzhi Mountain. It generally lives in the roots, dead branches and leaves of plants or caves in tropical rainforests at an altitude of 770-950 meters in mountainous areas.
14. Hainan Little Ji Frog
micryletta immaculata
The Hainan little ji frog is very small, the male frog is about 23–25 mm, the female frog is about 28–30 mm, and the biggest difference between it and other species in the same genus is that there are no dark markings or stripes on the back and side of the body, which is also the source of its scientific name "immaculata" (meaning "no markings").
>>> a new species was found in Hainan: the Hainan Little Ji Frog The smallest body size is only 23 mm
Recently, Kadoorie China Conservation released news that its team found a new amphibian species in Hainan: the Hainan Little Ji Frog, which belongs to the amphibian tailless frog family. The study was published in the latest issue of the journal Zoological Research.
A series of photographs of the pattern specimen of the Hainan Little Ji Frog. Image credits: Researchers Yang Jianhuan and Poryakov
Photo of a positive model specimen of the Hainan little Ji frog. Image credits: Researchers Yang Jianhuan and Poryakov
"In fact, the Hainan Little Ji Frog was first discovered in 2012 in Hainan Parrot Ridge, but at that time we thought it was the most widely documented Deli Little Ji Frog in the genus Xiao Ji Frog." Yang Jianhuan, one of the authors of the study, said that as the team conducted investigations in more places in Hainan in recent years, they noticed that the small ji frog in Hainan was actually far from the pattern origin of the Deli xiaoji frog in Sumatra, Indonesia, and combined with morphological and molecular biological evidence, Yang Jianhuan's team published this small ji frog on Hainan Island as a new species endemic to Hainan.
Breeding habitat of the Hainan Little Ji Frog: a small puddle on the limestone rock head of Aoxian Ridge (the green circle is the male frog that is singing); b A puddle under the main peak forest of parrot Ridge (inside the green frame is a pair of Hainan Little Ji frogs that are hugging each other). Image credits: Researchers Yang Jianhuan and Poryakov
The article mentioned that the current known distribution of the Hainan Xiaoji frog is OxianLing, Jianfengling, Parrot Ridge, and Jiaxi Nature Reserve, and the range of altitude records is also very large, from the barren wastewater field at an altitude of 160 meters above sea level on the edge of the mountain village to the interforestary puddle at an altitude of 1470 meters. Although there are many distribution points of the Hainan little ji frog, the distribution altitude span is large, and only during the rainy season, when the Hainan little ji frog gathers in the forest puddle or breeds in the barren paddy field on the edge of the village, it can be found through long, high-pitched singing. In addition, the Hainan little ji frog can also be found in the low-altitude suitable habitat outside the reserve.
However, the author Yang Jianhuan believes that the Population of The Hainan Xiaoji frog is facing problems such as habitat loss and pollution caused by the development of rubber fields and orchards, so according to the endangered level and standard of the IUCN Species Red List, the Hainan Xiaoji frog should be a vulnerable species.
Source: New Hainan Client, Nanhai Net, Nanguo Metropolis Daily
Reporter: Tan Qi
Source: South China Sea Network