The tomb of Princess Dachang of Tangfangling was found
This article is written by Ni Fangliu
In the history of the discovery of ancient tombs in China, there are many accidents, and the discovery of the tomb of the Tang Dynasty royal noblewoman, the tomb of Princess Fangling, was very accidental, and it was found by farmers when searching for fertilizer.
(Fangling Princess Dachang's tomb front room east wall mural "TogoPan Maid" picture)
Princess Fangling was the sixth daughter of Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty and Gaozu, and was the sister of Li Shimin of Tang Taizong and the aunt of Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong. His tomb is located about 250 meters north of Shuangbao Village in present-day Fuping County, Shaanxi Province, then known as Lücun Township, and about 2.5 kilometers northeast of Li Yuanxian's Mausoleum.
The tomb of Princess Dachang of Fangling is one of the funerary tombs of the Xianling Tomb. The locals did not know that there was a Tang Dynasty tomb underground, and when it was found, the sealing soil on the ground had long ceased to exist, it was a flat land, and there were many modern and modern people's graves on it, which had become a burial area for locals as early as the Republic of China. In 1975, it was the late stage of the climax of the agricultural village, when there was little fertilizer, in order to plant crops, the production team required every household to accumulate fertilizer, the so-called "car basket to lift the burden, the red flag to show high energy", is the fat search and fertilizer scene of that year.
(Lei Feng's pre-life fat collection photo)
One day, a farmer went to the area where the tomb of Princess Dachang of Fangling was located to search for fertilizer, and when he was planing the ground, he found an ancient tomb underground. Fertilizer search is a local saying, many places called "picking manure" or "picking up manure eggs", the roadside, wilderness people and poultry manure collected, back to make farm manure.
After reporting to the superiors, the Shaanxi Province and the local cultural relics department organized personnel to clean up and excavate the ancient tomb, and it was known from the excavated epitaph that this was a tomb of a female nobleman of the Tang Dynasty, and the owner of the tomb was Princess Fangling.
(Tang mural tomb road)
According to the archaeological briefing, the tomb of Princess Dachang of Fangling faces north and south, and the whole tomb is composed of a sloped tomb passage, 5 holes, 4 patios, front and back passages, front and back burial chambers and 6 small niches, with a total horizontal length of 57. 8 meters. Both the yongdao and the burial chamber are paved with green bricks and a coupon roof, and there is a stone gate in the middle of the back yongdao.
Both the front and rear chambers are square, dome-shaped. The front chamber is about 3.6 meters long and the highest point of the top is 4.44 meters; the rear chamber side is about 4.1 meters long and the top height is 5.2 meters. for
(Image from archaeological briefing)
On the west side of the back chamber is a sarcophagus bed with stone rafters.
During the cleanup, it was found that the tomb had long been visited by the tomb robbers, and more than once, there were multiple robbery holes, including a 0.59 meter diameter robbery hole at the top of the south entrance of the former Yongdao Road, and a diagonal robbery hole with a diameter of 0.7 meters on the south side of the west niche of the first patio.
The closed doors of the 6 niches were all destroyed, and the relics left in the niches were buried in the silt. These tomb robbers are very good at it, priing open the stone rafters where the burial products were placed in the back room, and then pushing them upside down and placing them on the side, and the burial goods inside have long been stolen and empty. Because of the theft, the burial style of Princess Fangling could not be clarified.
(The coffin bed of the tomb of Princess Changle, daughter of Emperor Taizong of Tang, and the tomb of Princess Fangling is the same as this)
Due to repeated thefts, the burial items left in the tomb are mostly incomplete. Despite this, the tomb robbers left one of the most important cultural relics for modern archaeological work - in the former Yongdao, an epitaph recording the identity of the tomb owner was found, otherwise the owner of the tomb was not known at all.
Epitaphs are important cultural relics, but in the eyes of tomb robbers in the past, they were useless, and had no other use than to pad the pigsty; and they were so heavy that it was inconvenient to steal. These grave robbers still had a conscience and did not smash the epitaph. Also, precious frescoes, which were not destroyed by tomb robbers.
(Qianling Funerary Tomb Gate)
The epitaph of Princess Fangling is now in the collection of the Fuping County Cultural Management Office, which is a national first-class cultural relic. It is square in shape and has a side length of 0.87 meters. Cover the seal book "Tombstone of Princess Dachang of the Tang Dynasty", 12 words.
Zhiwen Yin carving, calligraphy, a total of 30 lines, full line 30 words, real engraving 809 words. The calligraphy class European style, the text is a puppet, which describes the life experience of Princess Fangling, which is quite literary and should be from the hands of the great literati at that time.
(Tombstone of Princess Fangling)
The tomb text is as follows -
"Ruofu is formed in heaven, the star of the emperor, and in the form of the earth, the lotus towers the weight of the heavenly sun." Gu Nai Fang Su Jian, □□ a map. XianFeng sent its Jiayou; the river carp praised its shu questioner. Princess □□ Longxi Chengjiren also. □ Jing's grandson and the sixth daughter of Emperor Dawu. The posture of the gods, the quality of □□ E, the golden house of pregnant Lishui, and the jade of Sowing Yaochi. Erqi trained on a golden bed, Chenghua embroidered. The young girl □ slightly, and when she blows the tree of the river; the high-rise building is wonderful, and the tree of the phoenix is also perched. Pan Lan blows with algae Fang, Yi Hui asks and flows Ya Fan. Dunshi Yueli, according to Shi Pitu. The wonder of the □ of the literary field, the wonder of the physical relationship. Therefore, I know that Ban Ji □ algae, yuan thank you entry; left concubine Tong pen, deep shame Li Ze. Yu Zulu suburban building, pet and Tang Mu; Qi Hou executive group, Li Guan? Chinese. Wu De's fourth year of age, Xin Wei, November, Jia Shen Shuo, 2nd Day, was crowned Princess Yongjia and descended to the Dou clan. Even the qinser is obedient, such as Bin Jingyi. Yonghui was five years old, changed to the title of Princess of Fangling, and was demoted to the Helan clan. Ling dui Xian Boudoir, Zhan of the balcony of the lower town; Tianjin Jade Zhu, overlooking the silk of the gardener.
Yun Mu Zhongfeng, □ Guangnuma □; practice words and fulfill them, and know the teachers; and they will come to the model after twisting and turning. Jia Di □□, □ the noble of QiLi; Yu Xuan Feng is under the jurisdiction of Yu Xuanfeng, and the glory of marriage is nagging. And the case is raised in unison, and the righteousness of moving the heavens is not refreshing; the □ of holding the zava and the scarf is not violated. Ancient called sage, there is no way to add. Weeping and weeping, turning over the shadow of the luan; the rising sun will rise, and the goose will follow the xuan. Yao Feng fell, tears bamboo empty Fu; Guipu fell into waves, lonely boat alone. To □ relatives, to carry the marriage of the Emperor, the party of the godson, the training of yihong Fangxun. □□□□, □ write Dragon □, Liangguan Qing □, Yuxuan Crane Gai, and Qiyang. It is said that the eternal protection period is long, and the mercy is extended under the knees; the peak of enlightenment is illuminated, and the sun is driven to the court of the dawn. Cut the wind branches in pain, and mourn the mourning. On the third day of May in the fourth year of Xianheng, he was killed in the mountain of Jiucheng Palace, and there were five out of fifty in the spring and autumn. Woohoo! The laurel moon lingers, never the shadow of Jin'e, the elm star is obsidian, and the long fall of Baowu is the light. Woohoo! Mourning Shen Xi*, Enlong Zhao funeral, □ gifts, □ Guang Heng Dian. He was buried in the Tomb of Sacrifice on October 4 of that year. During the period of Bu Yuan's abstinence, the gods were withdrawn; The night guards of Rong Wei, Yu Ge Xiaojie, the back of the city and the drums were noisy, referring to the original and the flurry of pharynx. See the sunset and listen to the poignant wind. The change of the Valley of Fear, the □ exist in Fang Lie, the Le Jin Stone in Quanmen, and the Lan Ju and no □.
Woohoo! It is the inscription:
Construct tianzhongqing, chenghua lineage, birth of this Sichuan spirit, soft posture condensed □. Sexual buds, qi fang lan hui, wu kai xing liu, eun sheng laurel. Rongguang Tang Mu, Li Jian Wang Ji, Building a Museum Outside, One Hundred and Two Words Return. Ruiyun Yucai, Asahi Condensation, Yin Yu Yunsai, Jia Sheng Flying. He is also called virtuous, but also high in words and deeds, and has a leisurely nature, because of filial piety. Jing Jiang Boyuan, Ban Zhao Ci Ling, □ Gong Zhongfeng, Pious □ Zhensheng. Right position Tengfang, IKEA broadcast beauty, ant in the chant, fleur out of the water. Long □ suddenly Shen, Fengtong half □, examined the deeds, mourned □. Shengfang Qili, Yu Feilan Room, Hu Cong□□, □□□□. □□□ test, the soul is □□, the night river □ water, and the wind and sunset. The spirit drives the first tu, Yu song drinks the road, □□□□, □□□□. □□ destroys branches, □□ and admires, and spares Yifan, and passes on all kinds of silk.
21 October 194th"
(Mural of the tomb of Princess Fangling)
Xianheng is the era name of Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Li Zhi, and the fourth year of Xianheng is 673 AD. The most eye-catching information revealed in the epitaph is that Princess Fangling, who is a noblewoman, has had two marriages in her lifetime, which proves that the open marriage in the Tang Dynasty was formed in the early Tang Dynasty, and the woman did not shy away from remarrying, refusing to accept the old custom of "marrying a chicken with a chicken, marrying a dog with a dog, marrying a flat shoulder and walking with a second husband", adding a new footnote to the history of ancient Chinese marriage.
(Ancient weddings, modern reproductions)
The epitaph also revealed that Princess Fangling was beautiful. In the fourth year of Tang Gaozu's reign (621 CE), Princess Fangling was given the title of "Yongjia" (永嘉), the title of "Princess of Yongjia", and married Dou Fengjie with the title of "Princess of Yongjia". The "Princess Fangling" was remarried before the second marriage, in the fifth year of Emperor Gaozong's Reign Of Tang (654 AD), and then married the Helan Sangha.
According to this, Princess Fangling was 36 years old when she remarried, how old she was when she first married Dou Fengjie, and how long the marriage lasted is unknown.
(Ancient sarcophagus)