01 The Dutch occupied Penghu
In 1602, the Dutch formed the infamous East India Company to open up colonial markets around the world, and Asia was naturally a big fat in their eyes.
Ships of the East India Company
In August 1604, the Dutch commander Wei Malang led two large ships into Penghu and also went to the coast of China to make a request for trade with Daming.
This matter attracted the attention of the Ming Dynasty, and shen Yourong, the governor of the Fujian general Shi Dezheng faction, negotiated with the Dutch, and the Ming Dynasty's attitude was very resolute and refused to trade.
At this time, the Netherlands did not intend to solve the matter with war, and Wei Malang temporarily returned to the Malay Peninsula in a daze.
In April 1622, the Dutch made a comeback, and the commander Rylson led 1024 ships to occupy Penghu, landed in Penghu in July, and dug earth at the tail of the wind cabinet on the main island of Penghu.
In 1623, the Dutch, who had established a foothold in Penghu, began to rob the coast of Fujian, while also plundering Chinese merchant ships at sea, and in this year, in addition to the looted property and merchant ships, 1150 Chinese were captured by them on board.
Most of them were killed by their conscription, leaving 571 people to Batavia, 473 dead on the way, and 65 more died of drinking water poisoning after arriving in Batavia, and only 33 survived.
In February 1624, The Inspector of Fujian, Nan Juyi, led a fleet of ships to the south, and the Inspector first sought out li Dan, the leader of the overseas Chinese, as an intermediary, and the Dutch saw that they and the Ming army had a great disparity in strength, and after weighing the pros and cons, led the army to flee to Dongfan. The war ended in peace, but it also left a curse behind.
02 Occupation of Taiwan
In September 1624, the Dutch came to a narrow island called Dayuan (about the present-day Anping District of Tainan City) on the southwest coast of Taiwan to build a fort, which was completed in 1634 and became the civilized City of Zeelandia.
Taiwan Anping Castle, Anping Ancient Called "Big Member"
The Dutch also established the commune of Dayuan near the city of Zeelandia, where thousands of people lived and operated. Subsequently, the Dutch established municipalities outside the Large Staff.
When the Dutch arrived in Taiwan, they first responded to the challenge of native tribes, which were spread across the country and powerful. Such as Madou (Tainan Madou), Xiao An (Tainan Jiali), Mujialiuwan (Tainan Shanhua) and Xingang (Tainan New City) and so on.
Due to the lack of troops, the Dutch had not yet completely attacked the strength of the local tribes. Coupled with the fact that these tribes were independent of each other, the Dutch took advantage of the conflict between them to win over some forces and break up other tribes.
Sooner or later, the brutal nature of the aggressor will be exposed.
In November 1629, the Dutch sent 230 armed men to attack another tribe, Megka slip bay, under the pretext that the Madou tribe attacked the Dutch soldiers, and set fire to most of the tribe's houses, forcing the Madou tribe and the Meuga slip bay tribe to send people to make peace.
In November 1635, the Dutch, whose troops had been replenished, began to show their brutal nature. The first to bear the brunt of it was the Madou tribe, the Dutch took advantage of the smallpox epidemic of the Madou tribe to attack, they killed people and set fires, leaving the Madou people homeless, the Madou tribe had to be forced to sign an agreement with the Dutch, and since then lost their freedom of life and become the "good people" of the Dutch.
In December 1635, the Dutch began to attack the Tagaryan tribes, and in January 1636, they attacked the second largest tribe, Xiao'an, and the Dutch burned all the grain in the houses of the two tribes of Tagaryan and Xiao'an.
Next, more tribes were poisoned, they lost their freedom, and they were used by the Dutch to conquer other tribes and became weapons of war for the Dutch.
In 1936, the Dutch carried out a genocide on the island of Koryukyu. The island has more than 1,000 indigenous people, of whom more than 400 were slaughtered, the remaining men were sent to Batavia in batches as slaves, and women and children were sent to Newport.
In October 1637, the Dutch led 300 soldiers and 1400 tribesmen to attack the Huweilang tribe, and with guns and artillery, they beat the Huweilang people without any destructive effort, and then set fire to 2200 houses and the rice and millet of the tribe. That night, the Tiger Tail Ridge people returned to the village and saw that everything had been reduced to ashes, and men, women and children were all howling.
Since then, the Tiger Tail Ridge people have suffered two consecutive heavy blows from the Dutch, and have also been enslaved.
The Dutch massacred and conquered Taiwan in a brutal manner, and proudly recorded the massacres and burnings.
In order to completely rule the natives, the Dutch also adopted various enslavement policies:
❶ Brutal conquest of the tribes, bloody massacres.
❷ Establish a system of local assemblies of the north and south tribes, with the southern and northern tribes meeting once a year to strengthen the authority of Dutch rule.
❸Unified language, promotion of Dutch in schools.
❹ Transforming the indigenous people through religious ideas. Those missionaries dressed in the guise of Christianity used coercion and inducement to make the natives abandon other faiths and convert to Christianity. At the same time, church schools were established and Christian education was introduced.
03 Guo Huaiyi Anti-Dutch Incident
The Dutch not only brutally ruled the native tribes of Taiwan, but also oppressed and bullied the Han people in Taiwan, which aroused the hatred of the Dutch in the Chinese.
Dutch official
On September 7, 1652, Guo Huaiyi led the people to attack Chikan, burning and plundering Chikan, shouting: "Kill! kill! Kill the Dutch dog! Several Dutchmen were killed and others fled.
The Dutchman Fellberg sent Captain Schaffley to lead 120 musketeers to suppress it, and it took them only an hour and a half to cross the water to Akakan, and these well-equipped soldiers began to take brutal revenge on the peasants with no combat experience, killing thousands of Han Chinese.
When Guo Huaiyi fled, he was shot with an arrow by a Xingang tribe, and the Dutch hung his head on a wooden pole of the castle for public display.
In this massacre, the Dutch mobilized the forces of the tribes of Xingang, Xiao'an, Madou, Damu and Mekka Tuowan, and the Dutch rewarded the tribes with 2600 pieces of cloth as promised.
04 The dutch doom has finally arrived
In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led a large army to land from Lu'erMen near the sea, and soon formed a siege on the city of Zeelandia.
Statue of Zheng Chenggong in Xiamen
On 1 May, Dutch captain Tuggy boy led 250 soldiers to the southwest corner of the tail end of the northern front, where they were attacked by 4,000 Zheng troops, 110 killed, and the rest fled back to the city of Zeelandia.
At the same time, the fighting at sea was fierce, with three Dutch warships being hit, one of which was destroyed and the other two escaping.
On 4 May, the governor who was guarding the city of Ploventia surrendered. Zheng Chenggong established one prefecture and two counties in Taiwan, namely Chengtianfu, Tianxing County, and Wannian County, and changed the city of Proventia into Chengtianfu Guanya.
In January 1662, Zheng successfully launched a final offensive against Utrecht Castle, firing a total of 2500 shells from 28 heavy guns, destroying and occupying the castle, and on the 27th, the Dutch governor surrendered.
On February 1, 1662, the Dutch side wrote a letter of surrender, and the representatives of the two sides exchanged contracts and completed the formalities for signing the treaty.
In February 1662, the Dutch in Taiwan withdrew from the city of Zeelandia.
Subsequent
With the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty took to the political stage and burned the flames of war from the northeast to all of China.
The Zheng family regime and the Qing regime were incompatible, and the Dutch took the opportunity to emerge and marched to southern Fujian in 1663 to jointly attack Taiwan with Geng Jimao, the king of Jingnan, causing heavy damage to the Zheng family army led by Zheng Jing (Zheng Chenggong's son, Zheng Chenggong had died at this time), and coupled with the rebellion, Zheng Jing could only retreat.
In 1664, the Dutch occupied the chicken coop (Keelung), asked Zheng Jing to exchange Taiwanese officers, after negotiations, Zheng Jing released more than a hundred Dutch prisoners, the Dutch withdrew their original demands, the Dutch saw no profit, withdrew from the chicken coop.
Later, the Kangxi sent Shi Lang to completely recover Taiwan and formally incorporated Taiwan into China's territory.
Kangxi
Write at the end
Guo Huaiyi and Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, showing the tenacious fighting spirit of Chinese foreign aggression, which has always flowed in the blood of the Chinese nation, and it is one of the reasons why our Chinese civilization can be inherited and endless.
Reference Books:
History of Taiwan by Qi Jialin, Hainan Publishing House