As a traditional Chinese building, the pavilion has a long history. "Pavilion people, stop also, but also people stop the set also." According to research, the construction of pavilions began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, mainly built in public houses on the side of the road, or small fortresses set up in border forts for tourists to stay, and set up pavilion officials. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a long pavilion in ten miles, a short pavilion in five miles, and a township in ten pavilions. When Han Gaozu Liu Bang was thirty or forty years old, he served as the head of the Surabaya Pavilion in the Qin Dynasty. The pavilion chief was the lowest official in the Qin Dynasty official system, and his duties were mainly responsible for local security. Later, the function of the pavilion evolved to provide pedestrians with rest, shade, shelter from the rain or overlook the scenery, and the pavilion specifically refers to a building without doors and windows, open on all sides, and with a roof and no wall, which is different from its original meaning. Gangnam even has recessed "half pavilions" that make full use of space and combine corridors or building walls. Pavilions, according to the function of street pavilions, city pavilions, pavilions, flag pavilions, postal pavilions, etc., its top shape has hexagonal, octagonal, circular and so on.
There are many famous pavilions in ancient times, such as Lanting Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Taoran Pavilion, Fanghe Pavilion, Drunken Pavilion, Huxin Pavilion, Aiwan Pavilion and so on. And we in Tancheng also have such a famous pavilion in ancient and modern times, which is located in the north of the city. There are also buildings such as the Qingguan Ancestral Hall near the Pavilion, which are related to Confucius.
"Heaven does not give birth to Jonny, and eternity is like a long night." Confucius was the great thinker, educator and statesman in Chinese history, and the founder of the Confucian school. He devoted his life to publicizing benevolent government and advocating the rule of etiquette and music, and was a representative figure of Chinese national culture, ranking first among the "world's top ten cultural celebrities", and his ideas had a profound impact on China and the world. According to the "Zuo Biography", in the autumn of the seventeenth year of Lu Zhaogong (525 BC), Tan Zi went to the State of Lu to pay homage to him and was entertained by Lu Zhaogong. During the banquet, Lu Dafu's uncle Sun Zhaozi asked about the ancient emperor Shao Hao's name as a bird official, and Tan Zi talked about it, and he was full of family treasures about the "bird official" system created by Gao Zu Shaohao, and all the officials in the audience admired his profound knowledge. The 27-year-old Confucius was working as a low-level official in the state of Lu at the time, and when he heard about this, he immediately "saw tanzi and learned it" and asked Tanzi for advice in person. The "Shu Sheng Tu" of the Confucius Temple in Qufu now has an illustration "Learning from Tanzi", which depicts this incident. Later, when the Tang Dynasty literary scholar Han Yu discussed the "impermanent teacher of the saints" in his ancient text "The Sayings of the Master", he cited "Confucius Master Tanzi" and others. For more than 2,500 years, the historical allusion of Confucius "asking officials to tanzi" has been cherished by people, especially by the people of Tancheng.
In the autumn of 497 BC, after the Luguo Suburban Sacrifice Ceremony (at the beginning of the new year, the ancient kings held a sacrifice ceremony in the suburbs), Confucius did not receive sacrificial meat (according to the "Zhou Li" regulations, the sacrificial meat was distributed to the doctor after the suburban sacrifice), which indicated that Confucius had been dismissed at that time. He thought that he could not do anything more while staying in Luguo, so he decided to leave to study. Therefore, from the age of 55, Confucius, who was nearly the age of Huajia, took Zigong, Zilu and other cadres close to his disciples, left his parents' country, set out from Qufu, and spent 13 years traveling around the world. They set out from the state of Lu and roughly went to Wei, Cao, Song, Qi, Zheng, Chen, Cai and other countries. In the meantime, Confucius rushed to Tanguo and happened to meet the Jin scholar Cheng Zi on the way to the north of the city.
According to historical records, Cheng Zi, mingben, zihua, later known as "Zihuazi", a Jin dynasty, was a contemporary of Confucius. His grandfather was Cheng Bao, who saved the orphans and saved the Zhao family line - the famous "Cheng Baby Saved Zhao" and the protagonist of the Zhao orphan story. At that time, the Duke of Jin was out of power, and the powerful minister Zhao Jianzi killed dou li and Shunhua. Confucius was in Weiguo at that time, and was thinking of crossing the Yellow River to the Jin Kingdom, and after hearing about this, he created the piano song "Linhe Exercise" to mourn them. Zhao Jianzi sent people with heavy gold to ask for the ceremony of the Gui, Cheng Zi refused to submit to the inauguration, Zhao Jianzi was furious, so he threatened with force, and Cheng Ben had to leave Jin for Qi. In the state of Qi, Qi Xiangyan greatly appreciated Cheng Zi's ability and hired him to set up a museum at home to teach. Zhao Jian Zi died, Zhao Xiang Zi Li, and Cheng Zi returned to Jin in old age. Cheng Ziju wrote books and was famous among the princes, and was a scholar with both Confucianism and Taoism. His book "Zihuazi", a total of twenty-four articles, advocates the use of "moving" to maintain health, which is very enlightening to the later Zhuang Zhou school.
The earliest record of "Cheng Kong's pouring cover" is not the Analects, but the Confucius Language. In the "Confucius Family Language And Thoughts", it is said: "Confucius's Tan was tu by Cheng Zi, and he poured over and spoke, and he was very close all the time." Translated into the vernacular, Confucius went to Tanguo in a carriage one day and met Cheng Zi ten miles north of Tancheng, and was very happy; so Kong and Cheng stopped and leaned over to talk, so speculative, and hated each other that the umbrella covers on both cars were tilted and close together. This is also recorded in the Sixth Miscellaneous Training of Kong Congzi, but it is relatively brief.
One saint and one sage, the two scholars exchanged ideas for almost a whole day, and they did not feel that it was going to be late. Finally, Confucius asked Zilu to take out ten "bundles" (five horses bundled into a bunch, which were used as gifts for recruitment and gifts in ancient times) and gave them to Mr. Cheng. Zilu did not know Tarzan with his eyes, and the boss in his heart was reluctant, so he grumbled and said, "I have heard that as a scholar, there is no introducer in the center, and it is not easy to meet people." This is the same as the folk marriage women, without the intermediary, the gentleman will not marry a woman of unknown origin. Confucius did not put on a straight face to admonish, but quoted the "Book of Poetry, Guofeng, Zheng Feng, Wild And Wild Grass" to guide the way: "By ah, the Book of Poetry does not say: 'There are wild vines, and there is zero dew and dew.'" There is a beautiful person, clean and graceful. Encounters and encounters are suitable for me. ('There was a beautiful girl with a lingering eyebrow.' I was amazed by the chance to meet today! Today we are very lucky to meet such a world-famous sage as Cheng Zi on the road, and if we do not give anything to say goodbye at this time, I am afraid that we will never see him again in my lifetime. Life is enough to know oneself, what do you want! The joy is palpable. Ancient rites: The first time the ancients met, it was necessary to meet the gift (the so-called "holding the gift"), "the big one is jade, the small one is the bird", otherwise it is rude, and it is to be laughed at by the world. Sima Zhen's "Suo Yin" quotes the Zhilin as saying: "The one who pours the cover, the Dao line meets, the car is opposite, the two covers are tangent, and the small cover is tilted, so it is called tilting." With practical actions, Confucius practiced the proposition of "entering is doing what you want to do, and out is handing over to the wise". Liu Xiang's "Saying Garden" also includes this story.
This is the origin of the ancient saying of "Cheng Kong Pouring Cover" and "Cheng Kong Cross Cover". Later generations continued to use this allusion to refer to the first encounter or engagement. In his farewell poem to his friends, the great writer Su Shi once confessed his heart like this: "Friendship is not long, and it is like a life." Later generations connected these two stories related to Confucius and synthesized an allusion - "Asking officials to pour over". In later generations, in order to commemorate the two sages Kong and Cheng, the local people of Tancheng successively built the Qingguan Ancestral Hall and the Pavilion.
When was the Ancient Pavilion built? What was its original shape? It is a pity that the age is bad, and the history books are not examined. According to Qing Kangxi's "Records of Tancheng County", in the eleventh year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1583), Yan Ruoyu of Zhixian County rebuilt the Pavilion on the north bank of the White Horse River, and Jiang, a Tancheng native who was then a medical officer of the Tai Hospital, persuaded him to donate funds and wrote the "Record of Rebuilding the Pavilion" and carved stones to commemorate this matter; in the eleventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1672), Huang Liuhong of Zhixian County "rebuilt it as a new", building a gate, a pavilion, three temples, three temples behind the temple, and three temples, Guanyin Masters; three grass houses in the east and west, which are the places presided over by monks; and more than 200 acres of temple fields. Hire full-time monks to preside over management, repairs and other affairs.
According to the "Ziyi Xuan Yang Lian Leftovers" written by Li Chenghuan during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty: "There is a pavilion in Tancheng, which is a place where Confucius met His Son Huazi and Mingzi Road to give a bundle. There are two stele at the door, a seal book 'Pouring Pavilion' three words, built in a certain year of the Ming Wanli Calendar; a rebuilt monument, kangxi built in a certain year. Ting Fan more than ten levels, a desolate look, meaningless. There is a cloud: 'Sage Orchid stinks, cosmic grass pavilion stays.' 'The pavilion has been unharmed by the twisters and bandits, and the holy spirit has taken care of it, not by chance. And this link is not good. "It can be seen from this that the pavilion should be a simple pavilion with bluestone steps, wooden mortise structures, and thatched roofs.
According to Ming Jiajing's "Shandong Tongzhi" and Qing Jiaqing's "Great Qing Yi Tongzhi": "The bridge is built in the north of Tancheng County, across the Baima River, and the old pavilion was built here. "During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, the Qingguan Ancestral Hall was moved to the north gate of the county town. It can be seen that there is a complex of buildings here: the Bridge, the Pavilion and the Ancestral Hall. At the end of the Qing Dynasty at the latest, both the shrine and the pavilion were destroyed in war.
Tancheng County is located at the junction of Lusu and Suzhou, the southeast gate of Shandong, and is an important transportation artery for exchanges between Qilu Dadi and Jianghuai region. The Pavilion is one of the cultural attractions of Qilu, and the literati and nobles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, drove or rode a donkey to walk in the Tancheng section of the Official Road on Jingfu East Road, or stayed at the three stations of Lijiazhuang, Tancheng and Honghuabu, and will leave some chanting masterpieces related to monuments such as the Pavilion. Here are just a few representative ones:
The master saw Cheng Shengzan
[Southern Dynasty Liang] Yu Xin
Cheng Shengfu, met and knew each other.
Thin words poured over, and mulberry yin moved.
Pure and beautiful, virtuous and holy.
Chen Shi was difficult to say goodbye, and the gift of silk was wounded.
Good thing near
Tancheng north of the pavilion under the painting
[Qing] Chen Weisong
Sunset ancient Tan city, a bald monument is dark.
Strange bottom snail yellow grass purple, more moss marks oblique weave.
I came to Waigu on the side of the west wind, the small pavilion of Shema.
Pity who poured over, only wildflowers met.
Tilt pavilion
[Qing] Gu Sili
Morally aware of each other, why bother Bao and Lei Chen.
Pavilion side crown cover has passed, how many people on the car?
Over the over-the-top pavilion
[Qing] Li Chonghua
In front of the pavilion, there was a saddle, and tancheng was windy and rainy.
Friendship meets thousands of years, and there are people who are left to travel in difficulty.
Because the story of the dumping is widely known, it also appears frequently in people's daily communication. There is an ancient idiom - "Pouring over as before, white head as new", from Zou Yang's "Book of the King of Liang in Prison" in the "History of Lu Zhonglian Zou Yang Lie", which means that the thickness of feelings cannot be measured by the length of time: some people, who have been friends for a long time, even spend their lives together, but when the four eyes are facing each other, it is like a first acquaintance, which can be described as a false confidant; some people, when they meet for the first time, even have a fate, but they see each other as they are, as if they have been friends for a long time and have been friends for a hundred years. During the Western Han Dynasty, Zou Yang was framed and imprisoned by Liang Xiaowang on death row, and he wrote a letter to Liang Xiaowang in prison to show his loyalty, listing the deeds of Jing Ke, Bian He, Li Si and others, saying that "there are white heads as new, and the cover is as old as ever", if the two sides lack understanding and communication, even if they have been in contact for a lifetime, they will still be like just knowing each other when they are old. King Xiao of Liang was deeply moved after reading it and released him.
From this, I thought of a famous quote about friendship in Qing Metabolism Zhending. Xie Zhending (1753~ 1809), a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan, was a jinshi in the forty-fifth year of Qianlong (1780), who was upright and upright, jealous and hateful, and later selected Jiangnan Province to supervise the imperial history. In the early days of Jiaqing, the lord of Hezhen was in power, and the flames were so great that his domestic slaves often went out in Hezhen's car, rampaged and flaunted their might, and people avoided it. This scene happened to be encountered by Xie Yushi, who was very angry, ordered the soldiers to drag the slave from the car, flogged him, and said, "How can this car be allowed to ride the prime minister again!" Then the car he was sitting in was also burned, and people clapped their hands and called him "Burning Car Xie Yushi". Xie Zhending was later stripped of his post, and it was not until he was killed that he was reinstated as a Lang official. Xie Zhending was a good friend of Zhao, the author of the book "Miscellaneous Records of Xiaoting", and had repeatedly advised Zhaozhuo to pay attention to correcting his personality of being frivolous and rash. Zhao Tang believes that Xie Zhending's words are upright, pertinent, and unreserved, so he has always regarded him as a close friend and a friend. Regarding the interaction between friends, Xie Zhending's insight is very profound, and he once said to Zhao: "The friendship of a gentleman can be sparse or thick, and it cannot be overturned, and his friendship will soon be also." (See Qing Zhaozhuo's "Miscellaneous Records of The Xiaoting Pavilion and Xie Qianquan")
In the book "The Tale of chicken singing puppets", Su Jun, a famous scholar of the Ming Dynasty, once divided friends into four categories: "Morality and righteousness, transgression, fear of friends; slow and urgent, dead and alive can be trusted, close friends; willing to speak like a rap, game conquest, nicknames are also; profit is mutually exclusive, suffering is tilted, thieves are also friends." Indeed, in life, true friendship is like water, nourishing each other. The intersection of tribulation requires the precipitation of time, and it must also stand the test of time. Only by intersecting morality and learning and growing together can the earth last a long time.
In June 2008, the Tancheng County People's Government rebuilt the antique building with two pavilions at the intersection of the South Bank of the White Horse River and the 205 National Highway. A stele was erected in Tingdong, and the stele was engraved with the "Record of Rebuilding the Pavilion" made by Mr. Han Minglin, who was sometimes the deputy governor of Tancheng County. On the east side of the national highway, a "Ten Mile" long pavilion was built, making it another landmark new landscape in Tancheng. Mr. Xia Zhengping, a well-known poet and writer in Tancheng, was inspired to write a new century edition of "The Tale of the Pavilion" and gave a poem:
Common Baixi Autumn Moon Ming, ask the official Tan Di Kong Cheng Feng.
The sages have a thousand stories, and there are still towering pavilions.
(Joe Shan)