This followed up with our "Explanation of Words and Words" course. This lesson talks about the three Chinese characters of the "Yan" department: "譙, (言朿), 誶". In modern Chinese, "譙,誶" is simplified to "谯、谇", respectively. (朿朿) has become a completely strange word. The details of the three words are as follows:
1. 譙 (譙). There are two pronunciations:
(a) qiào. This is the pronunciation of the Zhonghua Book Company's Zhuyin edition of the Shuowen Jiezi, and the explanation given is: "谯, 嬈譊也." From the voice of the focus. Read like chewing. 誚, the ancient text 譙從萧. The Book of Zhou says: 'Nor did he dare to be honest. '' shape sound word. Blame. "誚" is the ancient chinese way of writing "譙". Duan Yujie's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words in The Sayings": "The Han people make a confession, and the wall does the recitation, and the real word is also." ”
The Book of Zhou here refers to the Shangshu Jinteng: "The king did not dare to slander the duke." This means that King Cheng just didn't dare to rebuke The Duke of Zhou.
[Reference] According to the "Cangjie Chapter": "谯, Oh also, also Liaoye." "Zi Lin": "Lou, help also." Duan Yujue's "Notes on the Interpretation of Words": "Lou, disturb, tease also." Add to this the "Explanation of Words": "譊, 恚呼也." Tan and 譊 are two meanings, so Tang Kejing's Commentaries on the Interpretation of Characters in The Interpretation of The Textual Interpretation believes that the original meaning of 譙 is "disturbing and reprimanding."
Yang Shuda's "Ji Wei Ju Primary School Shu Lin": "Press: Xiao Zi from the whisper, Slander from Xiao, false Xiao for Xiao Ye." "Mouth" Cloud: "Whistle, not tolerated." From the mouth, shaw sounds. 'Press: It is not allowed to say that the mouth is small and cannot be tolerated, and this is also a false xiao also. From the focal point, the sound is close to the word ear. Dialects, Book VII: "Tan, Jean also." Qi, Chu, Song, Wei, Jing, and Chen were known as each other, and from the Guan to the west, qin and Jin were reproached by each other. Guangya Commentary: "Oh, oh yes." ”
(Blame)
We agree with the above statements, which are the same as "slander", and the original meaning is blame.
"Pipe And Degree": "The force is not to swim, the old man is saying." "For those who have sufficient physical strength but are idle and refuse to work, if they are old, blame him." "History of Korea": "In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Han envoys involved He Yu on the right canal, and finally refused to obey the edict. "In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (i.e. 109 BC), the Han Dynasty sent He to rebuke and inform The Right Canal, but the Right Canal eventually refused to accept the Edict of the Han Dynasty.
(ii) qiáo. This pronunciation is from the Guangyun and has four usages:
(1) The watchtower on the city gate. "Zhuangzi Xu Wu Ghost": "Jun will not have a crane listed among the Li Chen, and no disciple will be in the palace of the Gong Qi." Guo Xiang's note: "Li Chen, high-rise buildings also." "Do not place your troops under the lookout at the city gate and wait in a tight position; do not display the foot knights in the palace.
(Yu Lou)
(2) Withering; decaying. "Poetry, Wind, Owl": "To yu yu, to tail." Mao Chuan: "Slander, kill also." Oh, we. "My wing feathers are sparse, my tail feathers are withered.
(The Owl Is Poetic)
(3) The name of the ancient county. Qin. In present-day Bo County, Anhui Province. "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, Emperor Wu of The Three Kingdoms": "Emperor Taizuwu, Pei GuoRen also, surname Cao, Zhen Cao, character Mengde." "Emperor Taizuwu, a native of Peiguo County, surnamed Cao Mingcao, the character Mengde.
(Cao Cao Memorial Hall in Bozhou)
In addition, 谯 is also a surname. "Tongzhi Clan Sketch III": "谯氏, Cao Dafu eats in Yu Yu, because of the clan Yan." ”
The small seal of "谯" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of the book)
2. (Speech) (GBK character library does not have this word). Read cì. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "(Speech), from the sound of speech." "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to exhort them by enumerating their faults. The "number" in it has a number of drops and enumerated meanings. "Advice" is advice and persuasion. Duan Yujue's Commentary on the Interpretation of The Text: "The number of words is lost and the advice is given, and all the words that are ridiculed should be used here." The sound of this word is "朿", and there is meaning in the sound. "Sayings": "朿, Mu Mangye." It refers to the thorns of trees, the so-called "counting advice", that is, words stimulate each other like thorns.
(Number of admonitions also)
In addition to the original meaning, there are two uses: (1) grievance. Guangya Commentary: "(Yan Shu), Resentment also." (2) Book. Guangya Shiju IV: "(Yan Shu), Shu ye." ”
None of the above has any application examples in the texts.
The small seal of "(Speech)" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Speech) small seal writing
3. 誶 (谇). Read suì. The explanation given in the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Zhen, let also." From words, from the sound of pawns. "Chinese": 'Shen Shenxu'. "Shape sound word. The original meaning is to give in; to scold. "Jade Chapters and Words": "Curse, scold." The "Chinese" here refers to the "Chinese Wu Language": "The king of Wu also cut himself down Qi, but he was a slanderer." After King Wu (Fu Cha) returned from victory, he rebuked Wu Zixu.
(Assignment)
"Hanshu Jia Yi Biography": "The mother takes the broom and stands and speaks." Yan Shigu's ancient note: "Serve The Pious One: 'Curse also.' Zhang Yanyue: "Blah, blame also." The mother took the dustpan and broom and was immediately scolded. "Chatting with Zai Zhiyi Andi Xiao Liu": "One day, I was born to drink in a neighboring village, and there were people who chased after the gifts and opened the door. "One day, (Gao) Sheng went to the neighboring village to drink, and happened to come to an errand boy who urged him to pay taxes, knocking on the door and scolding.
In addition to the original meaning, there are other uses of the word:
(1) Cross-examination. Guangya Shiyi II: "Blah Blah, ask." "Zhuangzi Shanmu": "Donate bombs and go backwards, and the Yu people will be cursed one by one." Guo Xiang's note: "Oh, ask." Cheng Xuanyingshu: "The Yu people call it a thief, so they ask it one by one." Zhuangzi then threw away the slingshot and turned around and walked away quickly, and the people guarding the chestnut garden chased after him in confusion.
(Statue of Zhuangzi)
(2) Slander. Guangya Shiju IV: "Vinaya, Shōya. "Chu Ci Departure": "Although Yu is good at repairing and practicing with the shackles, he is replaced by a pilgrimage." Wang Yi's note: "Blah, bla "Although I love to cultivate cleanliness and be strict with myself, I was dismissed in the morning and dismissed in the evening.
(3) Notification. Erya Shi shang: "Curse, sue." The Book of Han shu chuan: "Both The Qi'er yi ji xiang xi and the Shen Zhi yi (jiǒng, with "jiong") are on guard." Dreams have given me a symbol of good fortune, and the gods have warned me.
(4) The end of the ancient movement. Equivalent to "chaos", declaration, summary, evaluation, etc. The Book of Han and the Biography of Jia Yi: "The saying goes: 'It has been completed, the country is not aware of it, and the son is alone in Taiwan and yu who speaks!'" The proclamation said: "Yes!" Who in China can understand you, sir, you are sulking here alone, and to whom can you tell the words in your heart?
(Statue of Jia Yi in Jia Yi's former residence)
(5) Pass "emaciation". worried. "Mozi Non-Fate": "The righteous who overthrow the world are also the ones who establish the destiny, the people who slander, and the one who says the people are the ones who destroy the world." "Sun Yi let "Mozi Idle": "Yu Yun: 谇 read as emaciated, Shuowen Xinbu: 'Sorrow, worry also.'" 'The worries of the people of Judah are also. ”
(6) Speech. "Jade Chapters and SpeechEs": "Words, words." "There are no examples of application in the texts.
The small seal of "谇" is written as shown in the following figure:
(The small seal of "谇" is written)
([Explanation of the text] no. 464, some of the pictures originate from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)