National first-class endangered and rare protected plant: monophyllum
Mr. Hanaki
China is one of the countries with the richest animal and plant resources in the world, our country has a vast territory, rich in animal and plant resources, so far, 32,000 species of plants (bryophytes, ferns and seed plants) and 2,100 species of animals (beasts, birds, reptiles and amphibians) have been found so far, accounting for 10% of the world's total.
Although China's wild resources are rich, however, due to man-made plunder and industrial pollution, coupled with the poor overall concept of the protection of wild resources of animals and plants in the past, many natural resources have been tragically destroyed, and the ecosystem and ecological chain are relatively fragile, resulting in many species of animals and plants being endangered or gradually endangered, and some have even become extinct, and the living environment is worrying.
In order to protect wild resources, in 1984, the Environmental Protection Commission of the State Council published a list of rare and endangered plants, listing a total of 354 species of endangered, endangered and rare plants, and stipulating the protection level of each plant. Among them, there are 8 kinds of primary protection, 143 kinds of secondary protection, and 203 kinds of third level protection. On August 4, 1999, the State Council issued the "Directory of Wild Plants under National Key Protection in China (First Batch)" for protection, and the "Directory of Wild Plants under National Key Protection (Second Batch)" has been in the state of "discussion draft", which has not yet been officially promulgated, and has not been systematically updated in the past 20 years.
For example, the first batch of first-class protected (endangered) plants have eight species: golden flower tea, silver fir, quercus, juniper, metasequoia, ginseng, wangtian tree, bald fir, etc. Today, I will introduce you to the first-class endangered rare plant: one-leaf grass.
Clover (scientific name: kingdoniauniflora balf.f. et w. w. sm), also called one-leaf grass, hematogenous dan, is a small perennial herb of the family Ranunculaceae, monophyllaceae, glabrous; the rhizome is slender, giving birth to 1 leaf from the apical bud, the leaf base is basal, there is a long stalk, the leaf is heart-shaped and round, 3.5-7 cm wide, the five full lobes, the middle and lateral full lobes are three shallow lobes, the bottom full lobe is not equal to two deep lobes, the leaf veins are bifurcated, the top edge has small teeth, the back is pink-green, and the petiole is 5-11 cm long; 1 flower leaf is drawn from the apical bud, 7-12 cm high; the flower diameter is about 8 mm Sepals (4-) 5-6 (-7), pale green, ovate, 5-7.5 mm long, tapering apex; vestigial stamens 1.6–2.1 mm long; stamens 2–3 mm long, anthers about 0.3 mm long; carpels about 1.4 mm long, peduncules nearly equal to the ovary; lean fruit flat, narrowly inverted lanceolate, 1–1.3 cm long and 2.2 mm wide, cenote peduncles 3.5–4 mm long, downwardly regurgitated, inverted hook-shaped, narrowly elliptical, about 3 mm long; flowering period from May to June.
The uniqueness of the one-leaf grass is that the flowers and leaves are lonely, and the structure is unique and primitive. The leaves have open bifurcated branch veins similar to those of Ginkgo biloba, and the underground stem nodes have a leaf mark, which is very rare in angiosperms, and only star leaf grass is quite similar among the more than 2,000 species of plants in the ranunculaceae family. It is said that the monophyllite is a plant remains dating back 67 million years, and this primitive angiosperm has important scientific significance for studying the evolution of angiosperms and the phylogeny of the buttercup family.
Monophyllum is almost harsh on the living environment, is considered to be excellent ecological environment of the "natural indicator", mainly distributed in Shaanxi Taibai County, Mei County, Gansu Diebu, Zhouqu, Wen County, Sichuan Malkang, Maowen, Jinchuan, Nanping, Luding, Songpan, Emei Mountain and Yunnan Deqin and other places, born at an altitude of 2200-3975 meters in the mountain fir forest or rhododendron bush, the natural renewal ability of the species is poor, coupled with the destruction of the forest mining, the number of plants gradually decreased, the natural distribution is shrinking day by day, on the verge of extinction. In 1999, it was listed as a national first-class endangered and rare protected plant.
Monophyllum is considered to have the treatment of bruises, bruise pain, rheumatic tendon and bone pain and other curative effects, in some areas is called blood dan, but most of them belong to the confusion with horseshoe incense, it needs to be reminded that the maximum value of clover is not medicinal value, but scientific research value, this hope in the mountains to meet the lone leaf clover friends note, do not dig indiscriminately, protect rare wild resources, avoid artificial misleading lead to extinction, in addition to violating the criminal law, more than worth the loss.
The distribution area of monophyllum is higher, the climate is cold, most of the production areas are below 0 °C for more than half of the time every year, the maximum temperature in summer is only about 20 °C, the soil is humus soil, the ventilation is better, the acidity is slight, the thickness is 10-30 cm, the leaf solips is born in the forest, the light is weak, and the humidity of the air and soil is large.
The growth environment of monophyllum is special, the seeds are difficult to collect, so far there has been no successful report of artificial cultivation, under the current conditions, human interference should be minimized, especially pay attention to the protection of the community of cowhide birch, Bashan fir and Taibai sequoia, to create conditions for the survival and expansion of the clover population. Until the problem of successful artificial reproduction of monophyllus at low altitudes is not solved, it is not appropriate to protect the environment in which monophyllus can live, and it is not appropriate to promote the introduction of cultivation or other means of ex situ conservation.
It is gratifying to see that in recent years, more one-leaf grass breeding places have been discovered, such as Lixian and Jiuzhaigou in sichuan Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, and many wild one-leaf grasses have been newly discovered, indicating that environmental improvement has a good role in promoting the growth and reproduction of one-leaf grasses.
I sincerely hope that these rare and endangered plants can be well protected, so that they can reproduce normally and make more contributions to future scientific research and the natural environment.
(Some of the pictures originate from the Internet, if there is infringement contact to delete)
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