Foreword: The tomb of King Lu huang at the southern foot of Jiulong Mountain in Zoucheng, Shandong, also known as the Tomb of the Wild King, is famous for its grand scale and exquisite excavated cultural relics. Among the cultural relics unearthed from the Tomb of the Wild King is a crown of the prince of the early Ming Dynasty, the nine crowns of the emperor, and the whole world is such a piece. However, there is also a tomb of King Lu Jing near the Tomb of the Wild King, and only three stone pillars remain on the ground. King Lu Huang was the father of King Lu Jing, but the aftermath of the father and son was so different that it was inevitable that people would sigh.
In fact, in terms of personality alone, King Lu Huang is different from his son King Lu Jing. The lu king's lineage has always had a good reputation in the Ariake generation, and this is all the blessing of king Torujing, and has nothing to do with their family's ancestor, king Lu Huang. Today, I will talk about the legendary life of Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Lujing.
Tomb of the King of Lu Desert
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Lu Wangfu</h1>
Zhu Zhaoxuan, born on June 12, 1388, the 21st year of Hongwu (1388 AD), was the eldest son of Zhu Tanshu the Prince of Lu, the mother of the Ge clan, and the twenty-eighth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor.
Zhu Tan, the King of Lu, the tenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, and his biological mother, Princess Guo Ningfei, was the younger sister of Guo Xing, the Founding Father of Gongchang, and Guo Ying, the Marquis of Wuding. In March of the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385 AD), the daughter of Tang He, the Duke of Xinguo, was crowned Princess Lu. In October of that year, King Lu and his princess went to the capital of Yanzhou in Shandong Province.
The History of Ming's evaluation of Zhu Tan was "a good scholar and a good poet", and seemed to be a virtuous king. However, according to the secret archives of the Early Ming Dynasty, King Lu and Princess Wang did nothing wrong in the feudal kingdom, and tied up a large number of civilian and military children into the palace and castrated them. Legend has it that the castrated objects were used as medicinal guides to accompany the couple in alchemy.
On the sixteenth day, Lu, to the point of disrespect, his concubine Was executed by Ling Chi. Such a transfer of things, one day the internal officials recalled the palace to Ling Late. How to play in the palace at the age of ten, seven or eight, will be out in three or five days. Castrated as a fireman, angry with the people of the land. The couple could not escape death. - Records of Emperor Taizu
Treasure of king Lu
Zhu Yuanzhang was furious when he heard the news, and ordered that Princess Lu be killed, and That King Lu himself be taken back to Nanjing to be "tortured.". The so-called "punishment of the skull" is one of the five punishments of ancient times, that is, shaving the hair and beard of the prisoner, which is extremely insulting. In July of the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387 AD), another daughter of Tang He was reinstated as Princess Lu.
Jia Shen (甲申), Duke Tang of The Book of Letters and his daughter was Princess Tan of Lu. Concubine, the daughter of the former concubine. —Ming Taizu Shilu Vol. 183
It is a pity that Zhu Yuanzhang's painstaking heart cannot be understood by his son Zhu Tan. He continued to take the elixir of golden stone, and even the toxic attack blinded his eyes. On December 16, the twenty-second year of Hongwu (1389 AD), Zhu Tan, the king of Lu, finally died of poison at the age of 20, and Zhu Yuanzhang gave him a "desolate" evil name. At this time, Zhu Zhaoxuan was only one and a half years old, and if he died unfortunately, the Lu Royal Palace would be expelled from the country.
After Zhu Tan's death, did Zhu Zhaoxuan continue to live in the feudal state of Yanzhou, or return to Nanjing? The author thinks that in the early days, Zhu Zhaoxuan lived in Yanzhou with his mother-in-law Princess Tang of Luhuang and his birth mother Ge. Because Shi Hu Bingzhong, the left chief of the Lu Dynasty, had gone to the imperial court after Zhu Tan's death, he asked Zhu Yuanzhang about how to deal with the Lu Huang King ShiLu. Old Zhu asked him to accept it, so his original plan was to let Zhu Zhaoxuan continue to live in the Yanzhou Palace.
At noon, Shi Hu Bingzhong, the left chief of the Lu Prefecture, played: "The royal palace has given 50,000 stones of rice, folded gold, silver, and banknotes, and has been moved to the Political Envoy Department of Shandong Province." Now that king Lu has sent it as before, he did not dare to receive it immediately. Shangshu Yang Jingyue of the Shang shu hubu said: "The royal palace has been customized for the years." Although the king is a sage, the use of the state is indispensable. "The number of lives is received. — Ming Taizu Shilu Vol. 198
Stills of Tang He and Zhu Yuanzhang
However, in the first month of the twenty-third year of Hongwu (1390 AD), Tang He, the Duke of Xinguo, suddenly suffered a stroke while entering the capital during his pilgrimage, and Zhu Yuanzhang specially ordered Princess Lu to return to Ning to serve him. Tang He remained ill for many years thereafter, and if Princess Lu had been staying in Fengyang, there would have been no one in charge in the Yanzhou Lu Palace, and it is estimated that Lao Zhu would have summoned Zhu Zhaoxuan back to Nanjing to raise him.
According to the Records of the Records, Zhu Zhaoxuan was canonized as Lu Shizi in the year of the "Year Gengchen". The year of Gengchen is the second year of Jianwen, 1400 AD, when Zhu Zhaoxuan was 13 years old. The reason why there is such a special way of recording is that Zhu Di, the fourth king of Yan, launched the "Jingnan War", which eventually overthrew the rule of the Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunjiao. After Zhu Di ascended the throne, the Jianwen era name was abolished, so when the history books of later generations encountered the historical events of the Jianwen period, they were replaced by the Ganzhi Chronology.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="14" > the eldest nephew loved by the fourth uncle</h1>
As a scheming tyrant, Zhu Di naturally did not treat the clan as childishly as his nephew Zhu Yunjiao. Basically, it is appeased with a carrot in one hand and a stick in the other, and enwei and shi. In March of the first year of Yongle (1403 AD), Zhu Zhaoxuan attacked The King of Fenglu. At the same time, because the Lu palace had been uninhabited for many years, Zhu Di also asked the local officials of yanzhou to step up repairs to prepare for Zhu Zhaoxuan's kingdom.
Ding Wei, the governor of Yanzhou in Shandong Province, sentenced Jiang Chengyan: "More than 3,000 people in Yizhou and other prefectures and counties are now cultivating Lu Prefecture. In the east, Fang Yin, begged to suspend work, ordered to return to farming, and the peasant gap was enslaved. "From there. - Records of Emperor Taizong of The Ming Dynasty, Vol. XIX
In March of the fourth year of Yongle (1406 AD), the daughter of Yan Jing, the commander of the Zhongbing Soldiers, was registered as Princess Lu. In July of the sixth year of Yongle (1408 AD), Zhu Zhaoxuan and his princess returned to the Yanzhou Lu Palace after many years of absence. Unlike his ridiculous and foolish father Zhu Tan, Zhu Zhaoxuan was strict and generous, and even Zhu Di looked up to him.
In the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), Zhu Di returned to Beijing for the first time after staying in Nanjing for many years. When the economy of Ningzhou was passed, Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Silu, personally greeted him at the side of the road, and history said that he was "moving forward and backward in a circle, and the etiquette was considerable." Zhu Di specially summoned him to the Xingdian Hall to give him wine and food, and ordered the Shandong BuzhengSi to give king Lu an additional 1,000 stones of rice. When Zhu Di set off for Nanjing in October of the following year, Zhu Zhaoxuan went to Jining Prefecture again to see the driver, and still received a reward of 1,000 stones of Lu rice.
Zhu Di stills
After that, Zhu Di visited Beijing several times, and he would meet with Zhu Zhaoxuan in Jining Prefecture. Even in the fourteenth year of Yongle (1416 AD), during the hunting tour, a strange thing happened. The day before Zhu Di arrived in Jining Prefecture, he actually dreamed that King Lu had come to pick up the driver, which was really a dream of day and night.
B ugly, car driving times Jining. King Zhaoxuan of Xianxi Menglu stood in front of him. If you have done so, you will come to the truth. On the very happy, give rewards, plus color coins, rice thousand stones. Gai Zhaoxuan lived in a simple and quiet country, obeyed the law and courtesy, and was on the cloud of supreme weight. — Ming Taizong Records Volume 181
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" > the lu palace guards</h1>
The guards of the Lu Dynasty were called yanzhou guards and were established in the twelfth year of Hongwu (1379 AD). Judging from the historical records, it seems that there were no three guards like other princes in the early Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Tan's death, the Yanzhou guards were always in a state of herding sheep, and even the commander Wang Fu was transferred to the minzhou guard command to support the min king Zhu Yu to sit in Yunnan.
However, due to the presence of Zhu Zhaoxuan, this escort army was not dismantled after all. In the first three years after the kingdom of King Lu, the imperial court paid the monthly grain of the Yanzhou guards in full and exempted them from planting. Three years later, he defended the city with six points and four points. After Zhu Di's death and crown prince Zhu Gaozi ascended the throne, due to the damage to the palace, King Lu proposed that it could be repaired by his guards, but asked him to be spared. Emperor Renzong resolutely disagreed with this and asked King Lu's guards to start construction during their spare time.
Nongzi, King Zhaoxuan of Lu played: "The house of this house is damaged, and I want to make the guards repair it." Please stop guarding Tun Tian this year and avoid its seeds. The book replied, "Tun Tian, the great government of the country." The imperial ancestor and the imperial examination system are not easy methods for all generations. How can the brother's ascension to the throne be violated? With the love of a cunning brother? And the edict has been determined, and it is better than the wise brother, what is the name of the people? The grain of the condition is filled with the grain of the guards in the royal palace, and it is also beneficial to itself. If the room is damaged, it can be repaired by the farmer. —Records of Akihito, Vol. XIV
Ming Xuanzong stills
In fact, the reason why King Lu used this brain was because he did not want his guards to help the imperial court carry grain. In March of the fifth year of Xuande (1430 AD), Chen Xuan, the Pingjiang Bo who was in charge of caoyun, played a role in the imperial court, pointing out that the Shandong Dusi had been using 1,300 Yanzhou to guard the banner army to assist in transporting grain during the Yongle Dynasty. In the first year of Xuande (1426 AD), King Lu transferred his guards back under the pretext of repairing the palace. After that, the imperial court used the banner army of the four guards of Dengzhou, Laizhou, Ninghai, and Jiaozhou to replace them, but these guards were close to the seashore, not only "the road was far away" but also because they "did not understand water transportation", and often mistook things. Now that the palace has been repaired for four years, can we reassign the Yanzhou guards to transport grain?
In fact, if we think about the ancients, it was really hard, and transporting grain was an additional task for the Yanzhou guards, and once there was a loss, they might be punished. The key is to continue to cultivate the land when the grain is returned, and it is no wonder that Zhu Zhaoxuan wants to find a way to bring them back. By the time of emperor MingwuZong's Zhengde Rebellion against Liu Liu and Liu, the rebels besieged Yanzhou City, and king Lu's guards still played a huge role in defending the city.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="25" > controversial event</h1>
The officials of the royal palace were commanded
In the first year of Xuande (1426 AD), Zhu Zhaoxuan proposed to the imperial court that King Jishan of the Lu Dynasty had been in the palace for more than thirty years, and asked him to be promoted to Right Changshi and joined Zuo Changshi Zheng Zhao and others in his post (retirement). Since King Lu was famous, Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, believing that the palace officials had merit in counseling, agreed to Zhu Zhaoxuan's request.
After Zheng Zhao's retirement, Shi Wangpu, the new left chief of the Lu Dynasty, proposed to the imperial court to give him an edict. After the official Shangshu Jianyi pointed out that the imperial court officials had taken the title for three years, they could be given the commandment. However, if the officials of the royal palace do not conduct the examination, please make it clear whether they have given it or not. Emperor Xuanzong stated that Emperor Renzong had given edicts to officials in the palace, and that it was customary to do so.
Shang: "How can the officials of the royal palace be divided into inside and outside?" The first dynasty is both with the edict and with it. It will begin with a long history and a good record. —Ming Xuanzong Records Volume XV
The Prince decreed the collar
The Emperor of Flowing Water, the King of Lu with Iron Strikes. After Emperor Xuanzong's death, the crown prince Zhu Qizhen was enthroned, that is, Emperor Yingzong. In May of the second year of orthodoxy (1437 AD), Zhu Zhaoxuan's fifth son, Zhu Taiye, was made the King of Dong'a, and the daughter of Xu Que was made the Princess of Dong'a. The sixth son, Zhu Taicheng, was created the Prince of Zouping, and the daughter of Xiangtong of the Hundred Households was Princess Zouping.
Zhu Zhaoxuan immediately sent Menzheng Jianning with King Lu's decree to the Beijing Ceremonial Department to receive the crown dress and honor guard of the princess. Hu Hao, who was in the Rebbe Shangshu, did not think much about it, and only reported to the emperor after giving them as many. The little emperor was a little angry, and casually asked: "Is there a case of the royal palace in the story of the first dynasty to order the ministry to lead the matter"? As a result, Liu Mengduo, the ceremonial priest of the Ministry of Ceremonies, said that the archives of Hongwu and Yongle were in Nanjing, and he could not review them. This could have set the emperor infuriated, and the officials also shelled the officials of the ceremonial department, including Hu Qi, and the matter ended with Liu Mengduo's imprisonment and punishment.
Liu Mengduo and others played in the Ceremonial Shiro: "The case between Hongwu and Yongle is in Nanjing, and there is no way to review the precedent. Therefore, he gave the crime of impeachment and disobedience of the officials of the royal palace. Shang Yu and other officials of the royal palace, ordered not to repeat the offense. Under Meng Duo and other prisons to punish crimes. — Records of emperor Ming Yingzong, vol. 32
Punish corruption
Yingzong, when dealing with the Lu Wang Lingzhi incident, was only an 11-year-old child. However, in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449 AD), the prosperous Zhu Qizhen imperial driver personally conquered Vala, but as a result, he became a prisoner of the ranks of others, and even gave up the throne to his younger brother Zhu Qiyu, the king of Qi. After returning to The Capital Division, he was placed under house arrest for many years in the Nangong Palace outside the Forbidden City. It was not until the first month of the eighth year of Jingtai (1457 AD) that he took advantage of his brother's serious illness to regain the throne and changed his era name to Tianshun.
After years of prison experience, Zhu Qizhen, who came to power for the second time, was obviously much more competent than before. In March of the third year of Tianshun (1459 AD), Emperor Yingzong wrote a letter to Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Lu, apologizing for the fact that before the tumubao rebellion, the imperial court officials had publicly asked for bribes because they had traveled to the Lu palace on business.
Stills of the Change of the Earth Fort
Zhu Qizhen said that the palace's financial resources were not abundant, and it was really sad that the officials of the imperial court had acted so recklessly. In the future, if anyone dares to commit another offense, no matter what level is involved, they will be investigated. In order to strengthen his persuasiveness, Emperor Yingzong gave an example that Shen Yu, the former Xiuwu Bo, had gone to the Shen Wangfu in Luzhou, Shanxi, to perform the canonization ceremony and demanded bribes from the royal palace for hundreds of taels of silver, and had already punished him according to the law. I hope that the uncle will report it with confidence, and the imperial court will definitely support the clan. Zhu Qizhen relied on a coup d'état to re-ascend the throne, knowing that his position was not right, so he was also a multi-faceted approach to the clan.
In the future, however, if personnel from inside and outside are sent to the palace, they shall not have any property or goods except for drinks and food. If there are ignorant people who seek money in spite of their shame. The incident is still the case of the orthodox years, the execution of the offender, the whole family from afar to charge the army. Shu makes people know that they are law-abiding, and their relatives do not pay for labor. The special book is dedicated to Da, but the uncle Zu Liangzhi. - Records of emperor Ming Yingzong, vol. 36
A heart that longs for hajj
In addition to picking up the driver in Jining Prefecture, Zhu Zhaoxuan also went to Nanjing many times to make a pilgrimage to the fourth uncle in the Yongle Dynasty. But since Zhu Di moved to Beijing, King Lu has not once visited the new capital of the Ming Dynasty. I don't know if this made Zhu Zhaoxuan full of curiosity about the Beijing Imperial Palace, and in the following decades he repeatedly requested to go to Beijing for a pilgrimage. Although we have been rejected every time, but we are still happy to do it, let's take stock of the approximate number of times:
First: September of the first year of Xuande (1426 AD).
Just in August, the rebellion of Zhu Gaoxu, the King of Han, occurred in Shandong. King Han was the second son of Emperor Taizong Zhu Di and a veteran careerist. Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji quickly quelled the rebellion, so Zhu Zhaoxuan, the King of Lu, offered congratulations. To tell the truth, Xuanzong is quite embarrassed, cannibalism, what is there to celebrate? So he politely refused the cousin's request.
At noon, King Zhaoxuan of Lu personally led the sixth division to rebel, and invited Que He to the AnZong Society. Shang sighed: "The unfortunate things of this family are also ashamed of the center, why should we use He Wei?" The reply was stopped, and the kings who had played the congratulatory work were stopped. — Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, Vol. 21
Stills of the Rebellion of the King of Han
Second: March of the third year of orthodoxy (1438 AD).
What is the background of this time? In fact, it was the Lu Wang Lingzhi incident that happened half a year ago. Emperor Yingzong lost his temper and punished the officials who were in the ceremonial department, and King Lu had to make a certain gesture to save his image in the emperor's mind. Sure enough, Emperor Yingzong used the reason that King Lu was "old and far away, and it was not easy to trek", so that he did not have to go to Beijing.
Third time: May of the fourth year of orthodoxy (1439 AD).
Two months ago, the imperial court appointed the daughter of Li Hao, the deputy commander of the Terracotta Army, as the Princess of Juye of Lu Province. Zhu Taiyu, king of Juye, was the fourth son of Zhu Zhaoxuan. As early as the second year of Xuande (1427 AD), the daughter of Cai Xiang, the deputy commander of the Beicheng Terracotta Army, had already been crowned as the Princess of Juye. As for this Li Clan, it is most likely the successor concubine of the King of Juye.
However, King Lu used this as an excuse to propose to take Zhu Taiyuan, the king of Juye, to Beijing Xie'en, is it a bit too much? Therefore, Yingzong once again refused on the grounds of "Trekking in the Daoli".
Stills of The Queen of Money
Fourth: June of the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442 AD).
In May of that year, Zhu Qizhen, who had reached the age of 16, was married, and the empress was Qian Shi, the daughter of the Governor of the Chinese Military Governor's Mansion and Zhi Qiangui. This is the first time since the founding of the Ming Dynasty that an empress has been appointed after the emperor ascended the throne, which is naturally very solemn. Of course, Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Lu, could not miss this opportunity and once again asked to go to Beijing to congratulate him.
Jia Chen, Shufu Lu Wang Zhaoxuan said: "The promise of coming to He LiZhonggong shows the meaning of affection." But the trek is not easy, you don't have to come. "Later, those who want to come to congratulate the kings will return to the book. — Ming Yingzong Records Volume 93
Fifth time: October of the third year of Jingtai (1452 AD).
In May of the second year of Jingtai (1451 AD), the imperial court crowned the eldest male Yang Shu of Anqiu Wang of Lu Province, the eldest male Yang Gong of the Leling King, and the eldest son of the Juye King, Yang Yingju, and gave him a crown dress, and his wife was given the title of lady, and was also given a crown dress.
Zhu Taituo, king of Anqiu, was the eldest son of Zhu Zhaoxuan. Zhu Taicheng, King of Leling, was the third son. Zhu Taiyu, king of Juye, was the fourth son. In this year, King Lu was already 65 years old, and even his grandchildren had wives, which was worthy of the title of Fulu Shuangquan. Therefore, taking this opportunity, Zhu Zhaoxuan once again proposed to lead his grandsons to Beijing to thank him.
Even according to the provisions of the "Imperial Ming Ancestral Training", the prince did not need to go to Beijing for a pilgrimage after the age of 60, so the Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu naturally refused his uncle's request again. However, it may be that he was older, and after that, King Lu did not make a request for hajj. Even to my death, I have not been able to appreciate the style of the Beijing Imperial Palace, and I think it is also a pity.
The Tomb of the Lu Desert King
Conclusion: After the death of Emperor Mingyingzong, the crown prince Zhu Jianshen took the throne for Emperor Xianzong, and at this time, Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Lu, had been promoted to the emperor's great-uncle. In June of the second year of Chenghua (1466 CE), Emperor Xianzong learned that King Lu was seriously ill and immediately sent an imperial doctor to Yanzhou. Unfortunately, the imperial doctor was useless, and on July 15, Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Lu, died, reigning for 64 years, at the age of 79. King Lujing had six sons and four daughters in his lifetime: Zhu Taituo the Prince of Anqiu, Zhu Taikan the Prince of Lushi, Zhu Taiyuan the Prince of Leling, Zhu Taiyuan the King of Juye, Zhu Taiye the King of Dong'a, Zhu Taiyuan the King of Zouping, zhu Taiyuan the Lord of Zhucheng, the Lord of Wenden, the Lord of Yuncheng, and the Lord of Fushan.
Zhu Zhaoxuan's mother, Princess Lu Huang of the Tang clan: Xuande died in March of the eighth year (1433 AD), and the history books evaluated it as "nurturing and teaching", it can be said that the reason why King Lu Jing was able to become a generation of virtuous kings, this second daughter of Tang He was indispensable, and successfully washed away the shame of her sister. Zhu Zhaoxuan's biological mother Ge Shi: Died in October of the fourth year of orthodoxy (1439 AD).
Soon after King Lu Jing was born, his father King Lu Huang died young, and the inheritance of the entire Lu King's mansion was pressed on this little baby. Fortunately, his mother-in-law Tang And his birth mother Ge shi carefully taught, and in the end, Zhu Zhaoxuan not only thrived, but also successfully spread the leaves, so that the Lu royal palace was passed down to the end of the Ming Dynasty. Moreover, due to the fine family style of King Lujing, the clan of the Lu Dynasty not only had a good reputation, but zhu Yihai, the king of Lu at the end of the Ming Dynasty, ran all his life for the great cause of resisting the Qing Dynasty, which can be described as not dishonoring the ancestors.