Foreword: Recently, the Shanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute discovered and determined the largest tomb of the king of the middle and late Ming Dynasty in China at this stage: the tomb of the King of Jinduan. For archaeologists, the determination of the location of the Jinduan King's mausoleum provides accurate geographical coordinates for the location of the mausoleums of other Jin kings in previous dynasties. In addition, 4 pieces of basically complete silk fabrics were excavated from the tomb, which is of great significance to the study of the crown clothing system of the Ming Dynasty.
But for the melon-eating masses, what is the identity of this Jinduan King? What anecdotes did he have in his life? These are far more interesting than the archaeological significance of its cemetery. The author probably understood the life of this King of Jin, and found that there are indeed many stories, so I will write him out today and share it with you.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > the origin of the Jin Dynasty</h1>
After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the founding father Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously defied the public opinion and resolved to feudalize the kings in order to play the role of "defending the country and living in peace". Based on this ideal, the first generation of Princes Daming were divided into borders along the dynasty. Taiyuan, Shanxi, was the fiefdom of Zhu Tang, the third son of the old Zhu Concubine.
The ruins of the ancient city wall of Xiaobeimen in Taiyuan
Taiyuan is a historical city with the reputation of "Splendid Taiyuan". Wang Shizhen, a famous writer and historian of the Ming Dynasty, after visiting Taiyuan City, issued an exclamation that "Shenjing is not as good as it is". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the old city of Taiyuan was narrow, and Zhu Yuanzhang put his loyal old comrade-in-arms Marquis Xie Cheng of Yongping in charge of the expansion of Taiyuan New City and the construction of the Jin Dynasty Palace. Later, in order to ensure the quality of the project, Lao Zhu simply let the King of Jin marry Xie Cheng's daughter. The scale of Taiyuan New Town was second only to Nanjing and Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, and as for the Jin Dynasty, it was the benchmark of the Prince's Palace in the world.
Ace unitary, gongbu play the kingdom of the palace city has not been customized, please refer to the Jinfu. Three hundred and nine steps and five inches around the three miles, one hundred and fifty feet two inches and five minutes in the east and west, and one hundred and ninety-seven feet in the north and south, two inches and five minutes. It is possible to make it. —Ming Taizu Records Volume 19
In March of the eleventh year of Hongwu (1378 AD), Zhu Tang was escorted by his cousin Li Wenzhong the Duke of Cao, who officially established taiyuan, thus opening up the nearly 270 years of honor and wealth of the Jin family in Taiyuan City. As the Prince of Shubian, Zhu Tang not only had his direct subordinate imperial guards: the Three Guards of Taiyuan, but even the troops of the Shanxi Capital Division were directly controlled by him. In Zhu Yuanzhang's mind, the status of the King of Jin had been steadily pressing down on Zhu Di, the King of Yan. So much so that some historians and enthusiasts believe that if it were not for the sudden death of the King of Jin in March of the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398 AD), Zhu Di would never have dared to openly launch the Jingnan War.
After Zhu Tang's death, it was his eldest son Zhu Jixi, who also had another identity: Taizu's eldest grandson (Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest grandson Zhu Xiongying died at the age of 9, which can not be counted in the Lun Order). The Yongle Emperor, who had been trapped in the name of Dayi after the Jing Dynasty, had always been jealous of the powerful and noble Jin Dynasty. In the twelfth year of Yongle (1414 AD), Zhu Jixi's brother Zhu Jixi, the prince of Pingyang, framed his brother for rebellion, and Zhu Di took the opportunity to depose Zhu Jixi's father and son as shuren, and at the same time let Zhu Jixi enter the jin dynasty.
Zhu Jisheng had a great relationship with Zhu Gaoxu, the second son of the Yongle Emperor and the famous ambitionist King of Han, and after Emperor Xuanzong of Ming finished cleaning up his second uncle, Zhu Zhanji, after cleaning up his second uncle King Han, struck a blow in the second year of Xuande (1427 AD) and deposed Zhu Jisheng as a Shuren. After Zhu Jisheng was deposed, the Ming court not only did not re-establish a Jin king, but took the opportunity to cut off the guards of the Jin dynasty palace, according to the "History of Ming": "The Jin state was absolutely sealed for eight years."
Floor plan of the Jin Dynasty
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > the first great-grandson of Daming</h1>
On the third day of the first lunar month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435 AD), Emperor Xuanzong died suddenly, and was succeeded by the 9-year-old crown prince Zhu Qizhen. Just a month later, Zhu Jixi, the former King of Jin, who had regained his crown, died suddenly at the age of 61, posthumously honored as the King of Jin.
Zhu Jixi's eldest son, Fu Youde, the founding father of the state and grandson of Fu Youde, the founding father of the country, attacked the Jin Dynasty. In June of the sixth year of orthodoxy (1441 AD), Zhu Meigui died at the age of 43. In April of the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442 AD), Zhu Jong-hyun, the eldest son of King Shu of Jinxian, entered the Jin Dynasty and began his 60-year career as King of Jin.
Zhu Jong-hyun had four sons: the eldest son, Zhu Qiyuan, was made the Son of Jin in July of the third year of Tianshun (1459 AD), and the other three sons, Zhu Qiyun, Zhu Qirong, and Zhu Qiyun, were named the King of Yining, the King of Hezhong, and the King of Xiangyin, respectively.
According to the system of crown princes, princes, and other titles and treasures changed in the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu (1394 AD): "The eldest son of the prince was awarded a golden book and a golden treasure at the age of ten, and was established as the prince's son." In the eighth year of Tianshun (1464 AD), because the empress dowager of the two palaces (Emperor Mingxianzong's concubine Qian shi and his birth mother Zhou shi) had the honorific title of "Li cheng", Emperor Xianzong Zhu Jian Shen issued an edict to push the Enzong room: "The prince has a eldest grandson, grants a grandson, and gives a pint of Kou clothing." Therefore, in the fourteenth year of Chenghua (1478 AD), Zhu Biaorong, the eldest son of Zhu Qiyuan, the son of the Jin Dynasty, was registered as the grandson of the Jin Dynasty. Originally, only princes, Shizi and Junwang in the Ming Dynasty could wear the Yishan Crown, but zhu Jong-hyun, the King of Jin, deliberately played the imperial court for the sake of His grandson, and received the permission of Emperor Xianzong, which actually confirmed the status of Shisun in disguise.
He died, and the King of Jin begged for a good crown for his grandson. The above special permission is still ordered not to be an example. — Records of emperor Ming Xianzong, vol. 198
Ming Dynasty Wing Good Crown
In the first month of the twentieth year of Chenghua (1484 AD), Zhu Qirong, the king of Hezhong, died at the age of 31, when his father, King Zhu Jong-hyun, was 57 years old. In December of the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493 AD), Zhu Biaorong, the grandson of the Jin Dynasty, died at the age of 27, and his grandfather, Zhu Jong-hyun, was 66 years old. In March and May of the ninth year of Hongzhi (1496 AD), the 47-year-old King of Yining, Zhu Qiyan, and the 38-year-old King of Xiangyin, Zhu Qixuan, died one after another, at this time the King of Jin, Zhu Jong-hyun, was 69 years old, and only the 47-year-old son Zhu Qiyuan was left.
Unfortunately, a year later, in April of the tenth year of Hongzhi (1497 AD), the 70-year-old Jin king Zhu Jong-hyun had to send away his last surviving son, Shizi Zhu Qiyuan. Zhu Qiyuan had a total of 6 sons: in addition to the eldest grandson Zhu Biaorong, there were also the second son Zhu Biaorong, and 4 sons Zhu Biaoliang, Zhu Biaofeng, Zhu Biaoyuan and Zhu Biaoyuan. Due to the successive deaths of his grandson and shizi, the imperial court had to appoint Zhu Zhiyi, the second son of his grandson Zhu Biaorongshu, as his great-grandson in the eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498 AD).
At noon, he ordered the great-grandson of the Jin Dynasty to enter the table and sacrifices in the season, and performed rituals on behalf of the King of Jin, and gave him the crown of the son of the world. From the king also. —Ming Xiaozong Records Volume 159
On the fourteenth day of the first month of the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502 AD), the 75-year-old King of Jin, Zhu Jong-hyun, died and was given the title of Emperor Zhuang. In the sixteenth year of Hongzhi (1503 AD), Zhu Zhiye, a great-grandson of the Jin dynasty, attacked the King of Jin, and the imperial court immediately posthumously named his grandfather Zhu Qiyuan the King of Jinjing, and his father Zhu Biaorong the Prince of Jinhuai.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" > a magical encounter with Emperor Wuzong</h1>
According to the "Ancestral Training of the Emperor Ming", the sons of Shizi were appointed as generals of the Zhenguo State. But now that Zhu Qiyuan has been posthumously crowned as the King of Jin, Zhu Biaoqi and others naturally hope to be able to enter the title of King of the County. Li Jie, the Rebbe Shangshu, put forward a perverse theory: "The son of a posthumous prince is different depending on the actual title." This means that the son of the posthumous prince cannot be crowned king of the county.
The ceremonial department of the Ming Dynasty is really interesting, when the eldest son of The King of Ningxian, Zhu Quan, died without attacking the seal, and his eldest son Zhu Dianpei attacked the King of Fengning, and the other sons Zhu Dianyuan, Zhu Dianlei, Zhu Dianlei, Zhu Dianyuan, zhu Dianyuan were not crowned as ruichang wang, le'an wang, shicheng wang, and yiyang wang? This is the second year of Jingtai (1451 AD), and it is not far from zhu Zhiye's era. However, the official of the Ministry of Rites triumphantly pointed out that when The Zhou Shizi Zhu An died without attacking the seal, and his son Zhu Mu attacked the Queen of Zhou, his brother requested to be crowned the King of the County, which was rejected by Emperor Xiaozong.
Meitake sect images
But the emperor at this time was Emperor Wuzong Zhu Houzhao, the emperor who was bent on seizing power from the civilian official clique. Emperor Wuzong sternly questioned the Ministry of Rites, since the ancestral training did not write that the son of Shizi could not be crowned king of the county, who encouraged the former emperor to do this? As a result, Zhang Sheng, the Left Attendant of the Rebbe, Li Jie (currently the Rebbe Shangshu), and the Rebbe Right Attendant Wang Hua (currently the father of the Nanjing Official Shangshu and Wang Yangming) were all ordered to zhishi.
There is an example of the "Ancestral Precepts" that neither the son of the world has been sealed, nor should the descendants born after the birth of the son should be knighted. When was its investigation proposed? For whom? - Records of Emperor Mingwu, Vol. 30
In the end, Zhu Biaoqi was enfeoffed as king of Xinhua, Zhu Biao was enfeoffed as king of Jing'an, Zhu Biao was enfeoffed as king of Jingde, and Zhu Biao was enfeoffed as king of Xingze, and all of his wives were enfeoffed as princesses of the county. In addition, Zhu Biaolan had died and was posthumously awarded the title of King of Anxi. At the same time, all the sons of Zhou Shizi Zhu Anzhen were also enfeoffed as kings of the county.
This experience of dealing with Emperor Wuzong this time obviously made Zhu Zhiyi very satisfied. But what he did not expect was that in his lifetime, he could actually meet the current emperor in his own fiefdom. You must know that even in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the emperor did not go to the prince's fiefdom. When Emperor Taizong Zhu Di was fortunate to tour Beijing through Shandong, Zhu Zhaoxuan, the king of Lu at the time, only greeted him by the side of the road. Since the defeat of Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen at Tumu Fort, the emperor's departure from the palace has become a luxury. After Emperor Mingxianzong Zhu Mishen succeeded to the throne, the prince jinjing was also extinct. If it were not for major crimes such as treason, the emperor and the prince outside would not have had the opportunity to meet.
Gengzi, the car drove to Jining Prefecture. King Zhaoxuan of Silu greeted him at the side of the road, moving forward and backward, and the etiquette was considerable. Shang Xi, summoned to the temple to give wine and food, the tin is very thick. Still, shandong province was given a thousand stones of rice to the king. — Records of Emperor Taizong of The Ming Dynasty, Volume 88
However, Ming Wuzong was a man who wanted to break all the altar jars, and on the ninth day of The first month of July in the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518 AD), Zhu Shou (Zhu Houzhao), the mighty general and duke of Zhenguo, took advantage of the pre-dawn darkness and once again went out of the city from the Dong'an Gate of the Imperial Palace to inspect the three sides. The reason why I say "again" is because General Zhu da has just returned to Beijing after the great victory of Yingzhou.
After Emperor Wuzong left the customs, juyong passed through the huailai and baoshou castles and arrived at Xuanfu, one of the important towns of the Nine Sides. In late August, Zhu Houzhao arrived in Datong from Xuanfu and changed datong's general Ye Chunfu to the Governor's Mansion. At the beginning of September, he arrived at the head of the pass and returned to Xuanfu at the end of the month. In October, Emperor Wuzong crossed the Yellow River to Yulin and in December came to Taiyuan, the King of Jin.
Ming Wuzong and the Six Niangniang: The Archetypal Story of the Dragon Play Phoenix
His Majesty the Emperor came in person, but zhu Zhiye, the King of Jin, was busy. When Emperor Wuzong was still in the wrong place, he sent someone to Taiyuan to ask for female music. Zhu Zhiye searched the palace and offered Liu Shi, the daughter of Liu Liang, the daughter of Liu Liang, a music worker, and the wife of The Music Worker Yang Teng. Like his grandfather Xianzong, Emperor Wuzong loved mature women, and after seeing Liu Liangnu, he was shocked. In order to pat the horse's ass, the people on the left and right have flattered Liu Liangnu as Liu Niangniang.
Pengzi, stationed in Taiyuan. At the beginning of the partial pass, Suo Nu was happy in Taiyuan. There was Liu Liang's daughter, Yang Teng's wife, a music worker in the Jin Dynasty, who took the lead and became a favorite. And since Yulin also, the re-summoning of the load to return. Since it is a great favor, food and living must be with you. Left or right or touched with anger, yin begging, smiling and solving. Jiang Bin's close and fortunate mother called out, liu niangyun. - Records of Emperor Mingwu, Vol. 169
Fortunately, Zhu Houzhao only stayed in Taiyuan for ten days this time before getting up and driving back to Beijing, and it is estimated that a big stone in Zhu Zhiyi's heart has fallen to the ground. If the emperor had three long and two short titles in the Jin Dynasty, this hereditary title would be completed. Moreover, Emperor Wuzong brought Liu Shi back to Beijing with him, and in the future, there will be people in the palace who can speak.
So is It really boring for Emperor Wuzong to patrol the three sides? Of course not. As early as the eighth year of Zhengde (1513 AD), the Jin king Zhu Zhiyi once went to the imperial court, saying that the Mongols had entered from The Pass and plundered more than 500 miles deep into the hinterland of Shanxi. Since the imperial court dominated by civilian officials could not be determined, why did the emperor personally patrol the imperial court?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > the posthumous events of King Jinduan</h1>
According to the records of the history books, Zhu Zhiye's biggest feature is "filial piety", whether it is to his mother-in-law Hao Concubine or his birth mother Peng Shi is extremely filial. At the time of the death of the mother concubine, His Highness the Prince of Jin "had several pains", and there were such auspicious things as "Su Zhi was born in the dormitory, and the white crane circling the altar", and the imperial court also specially gave the edict.
In the tenth year of Jiajing (1531 AD), Zhu Zhiye asked for a title for his concubine Shen Shi's "filial piety to his mother". The Shen clan had no children and were not allowed to be made a lady by law. However, at this time, the Rebbe Shangshu Xia Yan believed that the King of Jin would ask for her a title after Shen's death, which showed that there was no "private interest" and could be allowed by exception.
Shang Shu Xia said that Shen had no children and could not be sealed. But king Qi'en of the Jin dynasty was neither after the Shen clan. It seems that there is no selfishness, and its filial piety will be truly worthy of praise. On the concession for the lady, not for example. — Records of emperor Ming Dynasty 132
Unfortunately, not only did the Shen clan have no heirs, Zhu Zhiyi attacked the seal for thirty-one years, and never had any heirs. In the twelfth year of Jiajing (1533 AD), Zhu Zhiyi died at the age of 45, and was given the title of Duan of Jin. Because he had no heirs, after his death, he caused a huge storm around how to inherit the title of King of Jin.
Jinduan King Cemetery Palace
After the death of King Duan of Jin, the imperial court received a recital from his sixth uncle, Zhu Biaoyu (朱表檈), the King of Xingze, which focused on two issues: One of them, the King of Jin, belonged to the tyrannical family, and xu Daosu, the prince of the imperial court, had always been at odds with Zhu Zhiyi, and he should be investigated. The second King of Jin had no heirs, and the new King of Jin should be decided by the imperial court. Now the royal palace pretended to pass on the will of the Jin dynasty's successor concubine Wang Shi and let Xinhuaduan and Wang's eldest son Zhu Xinjian enter the palace to manage affairs, which was "specialized in deception".
Among the six sons of Zhu Qiyuan, the King of Jinjing, he posthumously honored Zhu Biaoyuan, the Prince of Anxi, and died early. King Zhu Biao of Xinhua died in the eighth year of Zhengde (1513 AD) and was given the title of Gongyu(恭裕). King Zhu Biaoyu of Jingde died in the tenth year of Jiajing (1531 AD) and was given the title of Huai'an. Among the sons who are still alive are the fourth son, Zhu Biaoyu the Prince of Jing'an, and Zhu Biaoyu, the sixth son of Xingze, who is playing this time. In order to facilitate understanding, you can refer to the following figure to distinguish the relationship between the characters.
People relationship diagram
Zhu Biaorong, the King of Jinhuai, had only two sons, the eldest son died early, and the second son was Zhu Zhiyi, the King of Jinduan. After emperor Daizong of Jin dynasty died out, it was customary for his second son, Gongyu Zhu Biaoqi, the second son of The Prince of Jinhua, to inherit the title of King of Jin. After Zhu Biao's death, his eldest son Zhu Zhi (朱知㸅) attacked the King of Xinhua, and Jiajing died in the fourth year (1525 AD). Duanhe Wang was the second son, the eldest son was Zhu Xinyi and the second son Zhu Xindi.
According to Zhu Biao's idea, Zhu Xinyi should attack the King of Xinhua and let Zhu Xinfei be given the title of King of Jin. Of course, His Highness the Prince of Xingze was not so kind, he had his own little calculations, and he wanted to temporarily take care of the affairs of the Jin Dynasty as the Prince of Zhijun. However, the obstacle was that Zhu Xinyu was already 17 years old, and once he attacked the King of Jin, there was naturally no need for a county king to temporarily take care of the affairs of the government. Therefore, only by pushing the young Zhu Xindi to the position can he realize his ambitions.
Princess Duan of the Wang clan said: "Wang Wuhou, the second and the New King, the son of the Xinhua father and son, there is Sun Xinxiao." Then he was summoned into the house and worshipped a few feasts as the bereaved lord. "I honor my deeds, but I can't care about the king." Shang Shu said: "The eldest son of the new king of The New Yi Dynasty, who is not allowed to be a man, is the new Yi Si Xin Hua Wang, and the new Yi Si Jin King." —Ming History Volume 16 Liechuan IV
Stills of Myungseijong
However, the author is very curious whether this Xingze King usually does not read the news, does he not know what the current emperor's origin is? What was the "great ceremonial discussion" that was boiling in the imperial court a few years ago? King Xingze's ideas were clearly contrary to The Principle of "Succession without Heir" of Emperor Mingshizong. In this regard, Shangshu Xiayan of the Ministry of Rites immediately expressed his attitude, and the title of King of Jin should be inherited by Zhu Xinyu, and the title of Prince of Xinhua should be removed.
In the old practice of the Gaile Dynasty, where the prince had no heirs, he was given the title of successor. If the king of the county is crowned as a prince, the king of his own branch county is not allowed to re-apply for the succession, and the second son is also the general of the zhenguo, and Gai Chong's succession is not said to be heir. Since the dynasty of the ancient kingdom, there has been no precedent of giving up the long and making the second order. —"Nangong Song Manuscript, Prince Ding's Succession to the Seal and Investigation and Investigation"
However, Zhu Biao's head was very iron, and he broke out a fierce material, saying that Zhu Xin's mother, Shang, was born of a Semu person, which means that Zhu Xin's blood is not pure. Moreover, when The Shang clan entered the palace in the fifteenth year, it was actually the concubine of Gongyu Zhu Biaoqi, because Duanhe Wang Zhu Zhiyu was only 6 years old at that time. According to Zhu Biao's revelations, zhu Xinjian not only could not attack the King of Jin, but even he himself should be removed from the clan jade. Xia Shangshu could only request the establishment of a special case team to go to the Jin Dynasty palace in Taiyuan to investigate. Of course, he also raised his own questions, since this matter has been happening for so long, why did King Xingze not say it sooner or later than now? Among them, they are only afraid of deception.
However, when the first time he played the request for the title, it had been more than ten years now, and the king of Xingze did not act correctly, but because of the recent discussion on the king, and because of the investigation of the headquarters, fang pointed out the previous events, and added adulterous things, which were different from the words of the first two plays, and there must be a difference between them. - "Nangong Song Draft, Ask the Imperial Officials to Investigate the Secret Affair of the Sect Chamber to Deceive and Neglect"
What is the final investigation of this matter, the author checked the "Sejong Records", it seems that there is no record. However, the king of Xingze, Zhu Biaoqiu, suddenly died in the twelfth year of Jiajing, and it is not known whether the cause of his death was related to the conclusion of the investigation, because it was proved that Zhu Xin's parents and Wang Zhu Zhiqi and the monk clan were not in trouble afterwards.
In December of the fourteenth year of Jiajing (1535 AD), Zhu Xin attacked the King of Jin, and Zhu Zhi (Fire + Quantity), the son of Zhu Biaoyi, the Prince of Xingze'anyi, attacked the King of Xingze. In July of the fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536 AD), Zhu Xinyu,the King of Jin, was posthumously honored as King of Jin. He was posthumously awarded the title of King of Jin, Zhu Zhi (朱知㸅), the King of Jin, and Was posthumously conferred the title of King of Jin, Zhu Zhi (朱知㸅) the Prince of Jin.
Conclusion: The story of the King of Jinduan came to an end, and miraculously, the King of Jin, Zhu Xinyu, remained heirless after his death, and was eventually administered by the auxiliary general Zhu Shenjing, the son of his brother Zhu Xinjie, the general of zhenguo. As a result, Zhu Shenjing died before he could attack the King of Jin, and the title was eventually inherited by his brother Zhu Shenzheng, a general of the Auxiliary State.
The events of King Jinduan's death fully demonstrate the extent to which the evil of human nature can be. Judging from the chain of evidence in the latter series of evidence, it is very likely that The King of Xingze, Zhu Biaoqiu, made false accusations, in order to temporarily manage government affairs. In fact, if he hadn't been blinded by his interests, he could have calmly thought about how Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty could have allowed Zhu Xindi to inherit the Throne of Jin in the way of succeeding the Heir of the Jin Dynasty? In this way, would he Zhu Houxi have to go back and recognize Emperor Xiaozong as his father? Lust for the heart, as far as the Si.