BanMa Characters, five volumes. Also known as "Historical Chinese Character Class", "Character Class". Song Lou ji. It was written in the eighth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1181). Editions include the 1935 Photocopy of the Song Dynasty of Jiguge in Shanghai HanfenLou (three editions of the four series), and the photocopy of the Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu by the Taiwan Commercial Press in 1986.
Lou Ji (娄機), courtesy name Yanfa, was a native of Jiaxing (present-day Jiaxing, Zhejiang). Date of birth and death unknown. In the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1166), he served as a supervisor, Xi'an Zhixian, Raozhou Tongju, Dr. Taichang, Secretary of the Provincial Writer Lang, Inspector Yushi, etc., and resigned because of obstructing Han Nongxu's opening of the border. Defeated, he was promoted to the position of Servant of the Privy Council and a guest of the Crown Prince, and was promoted to The Governor of the Privy Council and a guest of the Crown Prince. Zhi Fuzhou, a scholar of the Senior Government Hall, resigned, lifted the Dongxiao Palace to return, and gave the Golden Purple Guanglu Doctor. Lou Ji Qing Shang Xiu Jie, was a handsome man at that time, in the official observance of the law, spare the name of the instrument, praise the talent, do not spare inches. He is also good at calligraphy, and the rulers he writes are many Tibetans. The five volumes of the Banma Zizhi and the six volumes of the Han Yu Ziyuan have all been handed down to the world, while the Guanggan Lu Zi and the General Outline of the Emperors of The Past have been lost. Biographies can be found in the History of the Song Dynasty, vol. 410, the New Compilation of the History of the Song, vol. 147, the Book of the Southern Song Dynasty, vol. 41, the Chronology of the Ministers of the Song Dynasty, vol. 28, and the Continuation of the Pavilion of the Southern Song Dynasty, vols. 7, VIII, and IX.
Lou Ji described himself as the reason for writing the "Ban Ma Character Class": "Shi Li borrowed many false ancient characters from The History of The Han Dynasty of Bangu, and sometimes used them on the side, with different interpretations, but they were good at noting and easy to understand, so they were based on it. The Book of the Western Han Dynasty describes sima qian's old theory, and the ancient characters begin with the history of the migration. With the revision of the books "History of Justice", "Suo Yin", "Western Han Yinyi", and "Ji Yun", he made "Ban Ma Character Class". He also described his own style: "The first character of the second history is the first to be read, and the rest is not reproduced, or it has been seen in the scriptures and the son, then it is neglected, and the few viewers know the meaning of the word." It can be seen that the "BanMa Character Class" is a special collection of false loan characters and ancient characters in the "History of History" and "Book of Han", and examines the interpretation of phonetic meanings, examination of the identification of this character and the present character of the text.
The contents of the four series of this book are as follows: Hong Mai's "Order of BanMa Characters"; Lou Ji's two appendices; Li Zengbo's notes on the "Banma Characters" Addendum; the main text and addenda; Zhang Yuanji's "跋" and "Proofreading Record". The contents of the four libraries of this book are as follows: the poems of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, "Imperial Inscriptions and Shadows of the Song Dynasty, Ban Ma Characters"; Ji Yun and others wrote "Outline of Ban Ma Characters"; Lou Key's "Original Order of Ban Ma Characters"; the main text; and the two appendices written by Lou Ji. Lou Ji's appendix, the four series of periodicals in the front, the four libraries in the back, so some people call it "preface", some people call it "Trek", in fact, one also. The main text of the "Ban Ma Character Class" is divided into volumes according to the tone of each word, volume one is the upper flat sound (that is, the flat sound), volume two is the lower flat sound (that is, the flat sound), volume three is the upper sound, volume four is the sound, and volume five is the into sound. In one volume, according to the "Collection of Rhymes" stipulated in the "rhyme" of the use of the exclusive and the same rhyme part of the arrangement, such as the first volume is divided into the following fifteen categories: one east, two winters, three bells, four rivers, five branches and six fats seven zhi, eight micro, nine fish, ten Yu eleven models, twelve Qi, thirteen jia fourteen all, fifteen gray sixteen, seventeen true eighteen zhen nineteen zhen, twenty wen twenty-one Xin, twenty-two yuan twenty-three soul twenty-four traces, twenty-five cold twenty-six huan, twenty-seven deletion twenty-eight mountains. Gai of the book classifies the ancient characters of Ban Gu's "Book of Han" and Sima Qian's "History" according to rhyme, so it is called "Ban Ma Character Class".
The "Ban Ma Character Class" includes and examines the following situations:
1. Collect the ancient kanji and identify its original characters, and use the terms "pronounced as", "sound", "i.e.", "and... Same", etc., its purpose is the same, such as: Tong: "Hanshu Li Lezhi": "-Sheng Maoyu." Read as "tong", Tatsuya. "The Biography of the Five Sons of Wu": "No------------ "Sound "through", the appearance of lightness.
(Volume 1, Bundle 1)
Kong Tong: "History of the Zhao Family": "After that, the gathering - clan." "Justice" Cloud: "That is, Kun Gong." (ibid.)
Tong: "The Book of Han and the Biography of Xiang Shu": "Shunzhong—Son." The eyes of the eye are the same as the eyes of the pupils. (Ibid.)
2. Include ancient Chinese characters and indicate their corresponding common words, such as:
"History of Gao Zuji": "Sima - general BingBei Ding Chudi." The ancient "Yi" character, the same as the Han Ji. (Vol. 1: Five Branches and Six Fat Daggers): The Book of Han, Sima Xiangru's Biography: "Yang - Qiu And Heaven." The ancient word "climb". 橑, 椽也, 椽老. (Vol. 1. 27 a. 28 Mountains)
The Book of Han and Yiwen Zhi: "The Great—Thirty-Seven Chapters." "Ancient "Yu" character. (Vol. 3: Ninety Grandmothers)
3. Include variants of rare characters, indicating their commonly used words, such as:
Heng: "History of The Biography of Sheng Sheng": "Chen Liu, the world under the heavens."" Same as "punch". (Volume 1, 2nd Winter 3rd Bell)
The Book of Han and the Biography of Yang Xiong: "---------------------------------------------------------- The ancient word "towards". (Volume 3, 36 Yang 37 Swings)
4. Include special ancient transliteration words, indicating phonetic pronunciations, such as:
Shi: Chronicle of the Chronicle of Jianyuan: "Month-. "Tone". (Volume 1: Five Branches, Six Fats, seven of them)
Guizi: Book of Han and Geography: "——。 "Sound "Qiu Ci". (Vol. 2 , 18 You 19 Hou 20 You)
All in all, the book includes more ancient characters, ancient transliteration characters, and false loan characters in the "Records of History" and "Book of Han" with special shapes, sounds, and meanings, and quotes the original notes, or attached to the examination, respectively, indicating their common words, ancient pronunciations, common characters, and so on. Hong Mai prefaces his book cloud: "There is no need to see Yang Ziyun and then be able to make strange characters, there is no need to visit Li Jianyang Bing and then be able to write words, xueban, Ma Shigu has never had such a person." Looking at Hong's words, looking at the fact that the book is arranged in four voices, and pushing the author's original intention, this book may be written to provide reference for students to make words for the text. However, as the Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries says, "although the book is roughly the same as the books of the Anthology of Two Characters, the Two Han Bowens, and the Han Ju, the examination of the precepts and the discernment of sounds are listed in detail under the pretext of borrowing the common characters, which are actually intended for primary schools, not only for the collection of words." Therefore, this book has been paid attention to by future generations of primary schoolers.
This book also has some shortcomings: First, some words are repeatedly included, which is quite tired. For example, the "Fu Rong" of the "Waifa Fu Rong" of the "Book of Han and sima Xiangru Biography" is included in the "Two Winters and Three Bells" of volume 1 and the "Ten Yu And Eleven Models" of the volume. The second is to make mistakes in the examination, such as the "Putao" strip under the rhyme of the "Liuhao" in volume two: "The History of Sima Xiangru: 'Cherry ——。 ''-Can be made as wine. 'Han Biography" same. The Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions: 'Dawan is wine.' Same as 'Peach'. In fact, "putao" is "grape", which is not the same as "peach". The third is that although its self-description style is clouded, the word of the second history is the first to be recognized, and the rest is not repeated. However, many of the first words have been ignored, and li Zengbo's "addendum" for this is very popular, which can be referred to. In addition, the "Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" also pointed out that some of the words could not be included, some words could not be used as "Records of History" and "Book of Han" as canons, and some words were false.
After the Ban Ma Character Class was written, Hong Mai said that the book was borrowed from the "Records of History" and the "Book of Han" to borrow ancient characters and "characters are not left behind", but this is not the case. Therefore, during the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Zengbo and Wang Yu also considered the second history, supplementing his remains with a total of 1,239 words and supplementing 563 articles, which were engraved into the original book and titled with the word "supplement". For example, volume 1 is crowned with the word "supplement" at the end of "Yidong", and then nine characters such as 'Konghou", "Tong", and "Tong" are added. As for the supplementary note, it is appended to the original note, such as:
Hong: "History of the River Canal Book": "Yu Suppression - Water." Addendum: The First Five Emperors Benji: "Huangzhi - Water." (Volume 1, 1 bundle)
峕: The Book of Han and the Narration: "All and - the Gate of the King." And: "—Long and long chapter." "Tone "when". Addendum: i.e. the ancient word "shi". (Volume 1: Five Branches, Six Fats, seven of them)
The former example is to correct the so-called "Book of the Second History, the First Knowledge of the First Book" in the original book, the so-called "First "Five Emperors Benji", that is, the word "Hong" first appeared in the "History of the Five Emperors Benji", rather than the "Book of The History of the River Canal". In the latter case, the ancient word "shi" is obviously more accurate than the original book's interpretation of the word tongkan. It can be seen that Li's "addendum" has made a great contribution to the improvement of the original book, so it is very important to posterity. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, The Haichang Jiang clan had printed the "Ban Ma Character Class" with Li's addendum on the YulanTang Wen Clan's writings, but there were some remnants; in 1935, Shanghai Han Fen Lou took the Ji gu ge ying Song writing book and photocopied the "Ban Ma Character Class" with Li's addendum, which had originally been proofread by Mao, and when it was photocopied, Zhang Yuanji also took the Song periodicals "History", "Han Shu" and Jiang's periodicals and re-subscribed it, and wrote it into a volume of proofreading records, which contributed to the further improvement of the "Ban Ma Character Class". This book is proofread with the Siku Quanshu, and there are many differences in text, and there are short and long ones, so the proofreading of the "Ban Ma Character Class" needs to be further deepened.
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