【Scientific name and etymology】The scientific name "hemiptera" of the hemiptera is derived from the Greek "ἡμιπτερόν". "ἡμι- (hemi)" means "half", and "πτερόν (pteron)" is the meaning of "wing", which translates to hemiptera. In previous Entomological textbooks, insects of this order were divided into two orders, homoptera and hemiptera (including bugs" for bugs). Homoptera is now classified as hemiptera, while bugs are classified as heteroptera.
【Mouth organs】The mouthparts of the same winged insects are very consistent in morphological structure and function, all of which are sucking mouth organs, and the mouth needle bundle (fascicle) specialized by the upper jaw and lower jaw is hidden in the sheath beak specialized by the lower lip. The mouth needle is used to suck the juice or body fluid of the host, and the lower lip sheath is used to support and protect the mouth needle.
[Wings] The forewings of the wings of some hemiptera insects are completely membranous and thin, such as species of the suborder Cephalopoda and Pectoral-beaked suborder. When these insects stop, their forewings are mostly roof-like and are placed above the back of the body. However, in most heteroptera insects, their forewings are partially hardened by the base, while the rest remains membranous. This wing is called a half-elytra, or "hemelytra" in English, which means that the base of the wing is hardened and resembles the elytra of a beetle. However, the forewings (elytra) of beetles never overlap each other when resting, but instead move closer to each other and form a wing slit when placed flat on the back of the body. When the hemiptera rests, its hemi-elytra are also laid flat on the back of the body, but the posterior parts overlap each other. The hindwings of all winged hemiptera insects are membranous and are usually shorter than the forewings.
【Antennae and foot】The antennae of hemiptera are 4 to 5 segments, and the tarsals of the foot are saved by 2 to 3 segments.
Many species of hemiptera insects can communicate by vocalizing. For example, the song of male cicadas is loud and crisp, and the real chirping of a few species of cicadas in the African jungle is too loud, so loud that it is deafening. Cicadas lure their mates through the tymbal organs below their abdomen, when the disc-shaped epidermis on the surface of the tympanic chamber repeats rapidly undulating and vibrating inwards and outs, making a "know or chirp" sound like a drum. The principle of sound is the same as the principle of making a sound when the thin metal lid of a can bottle is pressed inward and when it is bounced outward. The Chinese word for "knowing" and the English counterpart for "cicada" [sɪˈkɑːdə or sɪˈkeɪdə] are both onomatopoeia words dedicated to referring to cicadas.
Aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera, corixidae and notonectidae , can produce stridulatory sounds , which are produced by tibial combs on the tibia of the foot to rub their rostral ridges.
Myrmecoris gracilis are predatory insects that mimic ant-mimicking.
【Life cycle】Hemiptera insects are insects that are incompletely or semi-metamorphosed (hemipterans). In their lifetime, they only experience three worm stages of eggs, nymphs and adults or changes in the state of these three insects. Some species of nymphs are very similar to adults, seemingly | miniature adults. Some species of nymphs are only dotted or not very similar to adults, but as they continue to molt or increase in age, they will become more and more like adults, the reproductive organs will gradually form, and the winged species will slowly grow wings. In the adult stage, the function of the reproductive organs is perfected, and the wings of winged species are fully extended. When nymphs become adults, they do not have a pupal stage like holometabolous insects.
Aphid fetuses give birth to small aphids
Many species of aphids can undergo parthenogenesis at some point in their life history. Aphids laid by parthenogenesis are formed by the development of the unlitilized eggs of the mother, and are clones of the mother (clones). All aphids produced by parthenogenesis are females, i.e. the leatoky. Many species of aphids can also be viviparous. These reproductive behaviors, under suitable environmental conditions, are very conducive to the rapid growth of aphid populations.
Hemiptera is a large order, including nearly 8,000 species of insects that have been discovered, which are divided into 4 suborders:
First, the suborder Auchenorrhyncha
There are about 42,000 species of this suborder, including cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, froghoppers, waxhoppers, etc. They suck the sap of plants, some are small, some are large, some can chirp, and some species of chirping are very loud.
Ii. Coleorrhyncha
There are nearly 30 species in this suborder. There is only one family called pelidiidae, which is translated as the sphingothic bug family, and this insect is commonly known in English as "moss bugs".
Iii. Heteroptera heteroptera
There are about 25,000 species in this suborder, including shield bugs, assassin bugs, flower bugs, water bugs, solid bugs, sweet potato bugs, sweet potato bugs, etc., most of which are predatory species.
IV. Thoracic-beaked suborder sternorrhyncha
There are about 12,500 species in this family, including aphids (aphids), whiteflies, and scale insects. They mainly suck up the sap of plants, many species are important pests that harm economic plants, most species live fixed in one part of the plant, or completely fixed on the surface of the plant body only suck and do not move.