Lai Chen Literature and History Expo
In the old days, in the vernacular of the northeast car drivers, a horse set of the car, when the load is larger, it is necessary to add another horse to help, this set of horses is "pull gang set". In the marriage model, there is also a kind of "pulling gang set", which refers to the fact that the married woman recruits another man to live together in the family when the husband is ill and cannot support his wife and children, the elderly or the family is extremely difficult, and he is responsible for providing for the husband and the whole family, the husband is still the head of the household, the man has no husband's name, but has the husband's reality, forming a deformed family.
Some areas are called "a big sister-in-law and two big brothers" (Jiaohe County, Jilin Province). Ben Fu has insulting titles such as "Staring at the King Eight", "Driving a Horse", "Nest Bag Waste", and the bachelor is called "running errands", which is called "set stock" after forming the relationship, and the dissolution of the relationship is called "cutting the set of shares", all of which are derived from the image of the ox and horse-drawn carriage.
Due to the strong unity of the northeast region in geography and history, the distribution of the phenomenon of "pulling gangtao" covers almost the entire territory of the three eastern provinces, especially in the small and large Xing'anling and Changbai Mountains areas with poor living environment and sparsely populated people. From the perspective of the proportion of urban and rural areas, it mainly occurs in rural areas, and a small number of county towns have been found, and large cities basically do not exist.
The conclusion of the "pull-and-pull set" without written contract or written evidence. There is a metaphorical ritual behavior in some areas: Benfu and his wife go to the "running errands" residence to help them move, and they will carry their shoes in their hands to show that the township has begun to pull a gang between them, and outsiders will know themselves. Some neighbors or township chiefs act as intermediaries, and in most cases, the two parties combine on their own, with women generally taking the initiative and suggesting "running errands". There are also those who have written down the contract for fighting the gang, and a certain museum in the northeast has a file on the contract for the gang: "Sun Changyi, the man who set up the gang, because he had no money, said that he would allow his virtuous wife Zhang Jinxiang to be willing to send him to zhang Xiansi to fight the gang, stating that he was worth a small amount of money and three hundred yuanzheng, paying the money in person, not owing anything, using official money, both families accepting, if there is a natural disaster, illness, escape, etc., each has a destiny." This is the willingness of the two families, empty mouth, and the right word. "There are signatures of the writer, the middle guarantor, the intermediary, and the borrower.
No matter what form, it is agreed by three people, otherwise it is "adultery" or "running through shoes" as the folk says. The living conditions of the main family are improved, especially after the children become adults, the relationship of "pulling and pulling" will generally be dissolved, and the "set of shares" generally cannot take away any property.
As for the origin of this marriage formula, in 1913, the northeastern official Wei Shenggong published the "Jilin Old Wenzhi" ("Jilin Dizhi"), which recorded such marriage customs: the Heijin, Feiyaka, Jilemi and other tribes of the Hezhe tribe lived in the northeast of Jilin Province. From the east of Yilan County, there are traces of them in counties such as Birch, Fu, Lin, and Sui, but most of them have mixed bloodlines, and they are called "fish skin tartars" by the Han people for fishing, because they use the skin of salmon as clothing. "Fish skin tartar" can not speak Chinese, can not do business, every "fish skin tartar" family, there must be a Shandong person, known as the housekeeper, all the family property is responsible for him, his wife also lives with the Shandong people husband and wife, the local people do not take this kind of thing as a strange thing.
In other words, shandong people, as immigrants, work in the homes of the Hezhe people, paying labor services in exchange for food, housing and sexual satisfaction. This can be seen as one of the predecessors and origins of the "pull gang set".
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The "gang set" scene in the TV series
In the "gang" family, the relationship between the various roles is more delicate. Unable to support his family, Ben fu had to seek this embarrassing way to solve the problem. The mistress of the family, on the other hand, is at the center of the relationship, and although she has to take care of two (or more) men, she gains a life or physical satisfaction in this relationship. Originally unable to find a partner because of extreme poverty and other reasons, the "arbitrage" obtained the care of the hostess in life by selling his labor force, and at the same time met the needs of his sexual life. However, the man from outside cannot engage in "third-party interference", let alone destroy the original family and kinship relationship. The woman generally maintains a conjugal life with her husband (except for sexual function), and reaches a tacit understanding with the "set stock" and lives separately.
The status of BenFu and the "arbitrage" is determined by health conditions, and most of them get along very harmoniously, and they are called brothers. Customarily, with the original family as the main body, the children born to the woman and the "set of shares" follow the surname of the husband (there are also a few cases with the surname of the "set of shares"), and the children call the "set of shares" as "uncle", "uncle" and "uncle". After the dissolution of the gang relationship, the children belong to the main family, but there are also cases of children, and the "set stock" has the right to give priority to the selection of boys, which is locally known as "splitting calves".
In the 1940s, there was a big old Li in Taoyuan Township, Shulan City, Jilin Province, who was injured and disabled. He had three or four children, and he couldn't raise them, so he found a "running errand" with the surname Gao. Big Old Li's parents are there, but there is no way, the surname Gao just just raised them, and they are living very well. The children of the eldest old Li are called "uncles" with the surname Gao. When Old Gao came, he lived in their house, and the woman of the big old Li was good to the old man, and the big old Li called the old gao brother, and the relationship was OK. Later, the wife of the eldest old Man Li gave birth to another boy. The children in the previous litter were also a little older, and they didn't do anything when they understood things, they proposed to "cut the stocks", and Lao Gao proposed to "split the calves", that is, to give him the boy later, thinking that the two looked very similar, it must be his species, and Lao Gao also had to have an incense heir.
The children of "pulling gangs" families are discriminated against by outsiders, and when they grow up, even their own children are ashamed to be with the "set stocks" and often drive them out of the house. As the saying goes: "Recruit a husband to raise cubs, and the cubs are big enough to beat the kidnappers." ”
Of course, there are also children who get along well with the "set stock". For example, in the 1940s, there was such a family in Futai Town, Shulan City, Jilin Province, where men had 3 children after marriage, and their lives were still good, and women did not have to work in the fields. Then one year he drove the car, the cattle were frightened, fell down and broke their legs and crippled, life became a problem, food was not guaranteed, 3 children were hungry and crying! Especially in the autumn, the northeast has to repair the house to prepare for the winter, and there is no man in the family. There are also fathers and mothers in the family. Later, there was a "set of stocks", and he lived in the front and back yards of his family, and it turned out that the two men had a good relationship, and the two families got along well. That "sleeve" person is real, with a big waist and a round waist. The crippled man personally went to the door to beg him to "set up the stock", and the man's life has not been very good, and he has not yet started a family, so he has been pulled to the crippled man. The ceremony was very formal, the elderly people who were qualified in the village were invited to the home for dinner, and the disabled men told everyone about this matter in public, and asked everyone to tolerate this embarrassing marriage, because the family had to live.
A couple at a wedding ceremony in the Republic of China
Several families have been living well, the parents of the disabled men are old and unable to work, and the sons are crippled, so the "set of stocks" does their duty to raise a large family. The old man and the old woman don't care, their own food and drink are provided by others, what can they manage? The age of the "set stock" is also a little older, and he has not had his own children since then. Later, the disabled man died, and the three children changed their names to "set stock" daddy. When you are not dead, you can only call uncle. The family has been doing well.
There are also several situations of "pulling gang sets", such as friends sharing wives, helpers and the main family "pulling gang sets" and so on. There are also some industries, such as "wooden gangs" (logging industry), dangerous work, meager income, difficult to marry, many of them are married to prostitutes temporarily set up "timed marriages", or into ordinary difficult families "pull gangs", and form "seasonal marriages" with hostesses.
This marriage model is still a lot of derogatory discrimination in public opinion, one is to target benfu, calling them "staring at Wang Ba", "small soft work", "Wang Shengjin", etc., especially those lazy people who let their wives prostitute in disguise. The second is the opposition within the family with traditional ethics. But more people have a sympathetic and understanding attitude towards "pulling gangs". The local government has an evasive attitude, although "pulling gangs" is a de facto marriage that does not conform to the law, but because of the complicated relationship, the government is difficult to deal with, so "the people do not move, the officials do not investigate."