Appreciation Dictionary of Poetry of the Six Dynasties of Han and Wei (New Edition)
Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House
The poem title is "Fierce Tiger Line", the lyrics of the miscellaneous songs of the Benle Province, and the ancient words have the sentence "Hunger does not eat from the tiger, and twilight does not perch from the wild birds", hence the name. Cao Pi and Cao Rui both have this work. The author's article was written during the period of great political turmoil in the Western Jin Dynasty, and follows the old title of Gulefu, indicating that although ordinary zhishi have an upright mind and are cautious about provenance, they are driven by the times and it is difficult to maintain their high discipline. And after the birth, the years have passed, still unsuccessful, depressed, inevitably in a dilemma, leaning over the world, deeply guilty.
The author was born in the Eastern Wu clan, his grandfather Lu Xun was Wu Cheng Xiang, his father Lu Kang was Wu Da Sima (吴大司馬), and his father and grandfather were two generations of Famous Generals of Eastern Wu, known for their deeds. He himself was "rarely talented, and the article was crowned in the world", and History said that he was "seven feet long, and his voice was like thunder", "prostrate confucianism, and do not move if you are not polite." "It can be seen that he is also a promising person. Unexpectedly, wu died in Jin at the age of twenty, and his two older brothers Lu Yan and Lu Jing were killed in battle. In the last year of emperor Taikang (280-289) of the Jin Dynasty, he was summoned to Luoyang with his younger brother Lu Yun, and was rewarded by the important minister Zhang Hua, who was recommended by Zhang Hua for a while, and was once recommended by Zhang Hua. Later, unfortunately caught up in the circle of internal strife of the ruling class, at the beginning of the Jin Hui Emperor Tai'an (302-303), on the one hand, he was trusted by Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, and was made the post-general, the governor of Hebei; on the other hand, he was also hurt and jealous by Wang Pu, Qianxiu, Lu Zhi, Meng Jiu and other slanderers, and was named as the main general, but in fact he was not well dispatched, and he was in a dilemma, and could not extricate himself.
Land machine
This "Tiger Line" was immediately written at that time. The sad and bitter mood expressed in the poem was exactly what he felt in his political life at that time. The whole poem is written through its own circumstances, the words are gorgeous, and the momentum is relatively high.
The opening four sentences of the poem show that the zhishi are often cautious in their lives, cherish their names, and therefore do not drink the water of the stolen spring when they are thirsty, and the heat is unbearable and does not rest in the shade of the evil wood. The poem uses evil wood and stolen springs as a metaphor for the harsh political environment. At the beginning of Wu's death, the author "retreated to the old place, studied behind closed doors, and accumulated ten years" (the biography of the Book of Jin). He did not want to get involved in the career, so these four sentences were intended to express his original state of mind and use metaphors to see the suffering of the heart of the volunteers.
The second four sentences write that the world is urged, and the zhishi can only obey the order of shi jun and respectfully drive out of the mountain to do things: and the staff travels far away, the road is arduous, resulting in the situation of "hunger in the cave of the tiger, cold perched in the forest of wild birds", from their own choice, but also in the heart of the impact. The two sentences of "hunger and food" instead use the ancient phrase "Tiger Line" of Lefu to "hunger does not eat from the tiger, and twilight does not perch from the wild birds", indicating that "hunger does not choose food, cold does not choose to roost", which is a violation of the original intention.
Then the author used six sentences such as "the day returned to the merits and did not build", telling that after the birth, time was passed, the work was not achieved, and at this moment there was a sense of cold and twilight, which caused new worries. Chongyun rises from the shore, and the branches sing with the wind. In the midst of touching people's wounds, although they are hovering between the valleys, sometimes groaning, sometimes screaming, or humorous and difficult to express, self-feeling dilemma. The author shows the complex bitterness and contradictions in his heart very concretely, and it is not difficult to imagine the difficulties of the political situation and the misery of the chaos encountered by the volunteers.
At the end of the poem, a small section begins with two sentences such as "sharp strings without cowardice" to further express his heart, lamenting the tight strings on the instrument and not being able to make a weak sound. People with chastity and high festivals must also express generous and just words, which are different from the customs, and the general Shi Jun does not like to listen to blunt advice, so the "bright festival" is "difficult to be sounded", and it is easy to get away with slander. The author remembers this with the last four sentences to reflect on his frequent encounters and his own life ambitions, and to make a painful summary. "Life is not easy, and the clouds open this one." Life is full of hardships, and it is even more difficult for the aspirants who have encountered chaos in the world to open their hearts and pour out their depressions. Although he is honest and upright, it is impossible to hide in the mountains; it is difficult to go out of the mountains to carry out his ambitions, it is difficult to succeed in karma, and his actions are involved in external forces, so it is inevitable that he will feel ashamed of himself by looking down on the past and the present and caring for his life.
Looking at the whole poem, it can be seen that although the author wrote to talk about depression, but in terms of content, he appeared according to his own political situation, which profoundly showed that a aspiring scribe, whose deeds are hidden, must always be cautious, persistent, and persistent, and if he is not careful, he will fall into a dilemma.
"Tiger Row" can be said to be a representative work of Lu Ji. In terms of ideological content and artistic techniques, they all have their own characteristics. Judging from the ideological content, the characteristic of this poem is to express the sorrow of poets since the Wei and Jin dynasties. The author was born when the Wei and Jin (Wu Jin) Yi Dynasty, this period was a turbulent era of chaos and succession, and various contradictions in society were sharp and complex. Although there was a brief unification situation after the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, within the ruling class, the conflict was more intense, and the flesh and blood were fratricidal. Doctors were also the most vulnerable during this period. Although Lu Ji had not yet suffered a calamity when he wrote "The Tiger Line", he already had a sense of precariousness in the poem, because he repeatedly sighed, showing his sadness and bitterness.
From the perspective of the artistic technique of poetry, although Lu Ji's "Fierce Tiger Line" was composed to simulate the lyrics of Lefu, it not only retains the simple and sincere side of Gulefu, but also injects new euphemistic and tortuous lyrical content that is different from Lefu ancient words, and in form, it also changes from the jagged sentence pattern of ancient words with only four miscellaneous sentences to a long poem that pays attention to rhetorical techniques based on five words. In addition to the content, in addition to the factors that express feelings such as allegory and metaphor, the author's own ups and downs and grievances are taken as the main body of the chant, which to a large extent enriches the content that the original lefu system can contain, and makes it a poetry of the Yonghuai style.
The lefu ancient saying of "Tiger Row" only has "Hunger does not eat from the tiger, and twilight does not perch from the wild finches." Wild finches without nests? Wanderer for whom proud" and other four sentences. The Wei Wen Emperor Cao Pi and the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, who were slightly earlier than the Lu Ji era, both wrote "Fierce Tiger Xing", Cao Pi as five words, three rhymes and six sentences, Cao Rui as five words, five rhymes and ten sentences, all of which had only one turn in structure, while Lu Ji's one was a twist and turn, and the combination of brilliance was reflected, and the ingenuity of the design was seen in the chapter. Compared with the work of Cao Pi's father and son, the changes are particularly remarkable, in addition to the first four words, there is already an innovative component that is not bound by the ancient words of Lefu, which is one of the artistic features of this article.
Liu Xun's "Wenxin Carved Dragon And Body" section said: "Shi Heng is dignified, so his feelings are complicated and his words are hidden. "Sentimentality" refers to the feeling of worrying about the world; "word cain" means that there are fewer words of excitement and indignation, taking "Tiger Row" as an example, Liu said very much.
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Source: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House
Editor: Duan Pengcheng