June is the exam month, the college entrance examination has just ended, the middle school exam is closely following the footsteps, and the final exam is also waiting. Has the circle of friends been swept away by various exams? Do you also have a group of school bullies around you that make you admire? Today, Hangzhou Xiaowei also wants to introduce you to several "Hangzhou-produced" scholars.
Wang Xiaowu
Alas, this exam was a failure...
Li Xiaonan
How many exams did you take?
95……
#%…! @%//
Is such a scene familiar? There are always a group of scholars and gods around them, who say that they have failed the exam without saying a word, and their so-called exam smashing is just not full of points.
Regardless of whether ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign, the world of Xueba is full of legends. Today, let's talk with you about how our ancient Hangzhou "xueba" played the "college entrance examination".
How many titles have been produced in Hangzhou?
From Tang Xingke to the 30th year of Qing Guangxu (1904), Hangzhou (including Chun'an, Tonglu, Jiande, etc.) had a total of 14 yuan and 3307 Dengke jinshi. Among them, there are many cultural celebrities known to women and children, such as Shen Kuo, a northern Song Dynasty scientist and politician famous for "Mengxi Pen Talk", and Yu Qian, a national hero of the Ming Dynasty.
remark:
The data is extracted from the "Hangzhou Ancient Imperial Examination", and the historical area of Hangzhou is not completely consistent with today, so the book "Hangzhou Ancient Imperial Examination" includes the jurisdiction of present-day Hangzhou City and the salt officials who belonged to Hangzhou in history when counting jinshi.
△ Hangzhou Confucius Temple, Hangzhou Jinshi Directory, ancient imperial examination system and Hangzhou ancient cultural celebrities, are all presented here.
The legend of the ancient scholar in Hangzhou
Hangzhou's most learned champion
The Ming Dynasty merchants (1414-1486), a Native of Chun'an, were the only "Three Yuans and The First" in Hangzhou, and the hangzhou magistrate renamed the alley where he lived as Sanyuanfang Lane, and built a bluestone arch at the entrance of the lane, engraving the words "Sanyuanfang" to show praise.
In ancient times, the imperial examination system called the first name of the township examination, the meeting test, and the temple examination was Xie Yuan, Hui Yuan, and Zhuang Yuan, which were collectively called "three yuan". Successively, he won the first place in the township examination, the meeting test, and the temple examination, called "three yuan and the first".
Historically, there were very few "three yuan and the first", but our business classmates got it so easily.
Moreover, Shangrui looks like a table of talents, is generous, is bold and resolute in the face of major events, and is not moved by interests, so it can be said that he has both ability and political integrity.
Shen Kuo, a scholar with an asteroid
Shen Kuo (1031–1095), a native of Qiantang County, was a politician and scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Shen Kuo has a deep knowledge in the fields of astronomy, calendar, mathematics, physics, geology, biology, chemistry, medicine, water conservancy, military engineering, gold management, architecture, literature and history, music and law, etc., which can be said to be the comprehensive development of morality, intellect, body and beauty, and is known as "the most outstanding figure in the entire history of science in China".
His masterpiece "Mengxi Pen Talk" has been called "a milestone in the history of Chinese science". In 1979, in honor of Shen Kuo, the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences named the asteroid 2027 discovered in 1964 "Shen Kuo Star".
Gong Zizhen, a highly talented student in the liberal arts
Gong Zizhen (1792-1841), Renheren, a famous thinker, writer and philosopher in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, served as the secretary of the cabinet, the head of the Zongrenfu and the head of the ceremonial department. He advocated the elimination of maladministration and resistance to foreign aggression, and fully supported Lin Zexu's ban on opium. At the age of 48, he resigned from the government and returned to the south, and died the following year at the Yangyunyang Academy in Jiangsu Sultan.
His poems advocated "more law", exposed the decay of the Qing rulers, and were full of patriotic enthusiasm, "I advise the Heavenly Gong to shake things up and demote talents in an eclectic manner" as a famous sentence, which is definitely a high-achieving student in the liberal arts today.
Ming Dynasty national hero Yu Qian
Yu Qian (1398-1457), a famous minister of the Ming Dynasty, was a native of Qiantang.
Yu Qian took it as his mission to save the fate of the nation and the country, and the "History of Ming" praised him as "loyal and righteous, and competed with the sun and the moon for glory".
When Yu Qian was eight years old, he rode a horse in red to play. The old man next door found it very interesting and teased him: "Red child, riding a black horse to tour the streets", Yu Qian replied "Red Emperor, cut the white snake in the way", the lower link is not only neat, but also shows his extraordinary momentum.
Zhejiang's last champion Zhong Junsheng
Zhong Junsheng (born 1833, year of death unknown), Renhe ren, home of the present-day Shangcheng District Minsheng Road Zhuangyuan Lane, Xianfeng Decade (1860) Zhuangyuan.
There is a saying in Zhejiang folklore that the rulers of Zhejiang in the Qing Dynasty "began with history and ended with the clock". Zhejiang people Shi Dacheng in the 12th year of Shunzhi, is the first yuan produced by Zhejiang in the Qing Dynasty; Zhong Junsheng is the last title produced in Zhejiang.
There are many more scholars and gods in the history of Hangzhou, who else do you know? Comment area message, everyone together to increase knowledge!
Source/Hangzhou Municipal Cultural Relics Protection and Administration Institute
Editor/Huang Xiaohao, Gu Minjie
Typography/Gu Minjie