Rose rosa rugosa thunb. The stem is stout, fluffy, and hairy and barbed. Odd pinnate compound leaves, 5 to 9 leaflets, oval or oval inverted ovate, dark margins on the leaf surface with wrinkles, pale dorsal. The flowers are solitary or a few clusters, 6 to 8 cm in diameter, purple-red or white. Rose fruit flattened spherical, red. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruit ripening period is from August to September. There are many varieties of roses, usually red roses, purple roses, white roses, heavy petal white roses and thornless roses.
Roses are native to the north of our country. It is now cultivated from the coast of the South China Sea to the Heilongjiang River. Among them, Wu County, Wuxi, Tongshan in Jiangsu, Pingyin in Shandong, Huzhou in Zhejiang, Shangshui in Henan, Meishan in Sichuan, Qingxu in Shanxi, and Yongdeng in Gansu are famous producers of roses.
Roses are light-loving, hardy and drought-tolerant. It grows best in fertile, loose, well-drained neutral sandy loam soils. Tillers are highly capable.
Roses are bright in color and pleasant in aroma, fresh petals can extract aromatic essential oils, and are the perfumed raw materials for lavender tea, wine, food and cosmetics, and are often higher than gold prices in the international market. The red rose fruit is not only beautiful, but also a raw material for extracting natural vitamin C. In the garden, it can often be planted as a "rose garden" for ornamentation, which is very interesting and can also be used as a cut flower bed and hedge.
The propagation methods of roses include sowing, splitting, cuttings, grafting, etc. Seed propagation is mostly used to cultivate new varieties, and it is advisable to sow seeds immediately after harvesting in autumn. The number of propagation is limited, but it can flower early. The propagation method of cuttings is simple, and a large number of plants can be obtained in a short period of time, but it is difficult for excellent varieties to take root, and they must be propagated by grafting. The split-strain method is usually used.
Roses can germinate young plants at a diameter of 1 to 1.3 m around the rhizosphere. Adult plants that grow three or five years old, each plant has at least 10 to 20 clumps of stems and most of the young tillers, which can be separated. The most suitable season for branching is in late autumn, that is, during the deciduous period of the rose. It can also be divided in early spring. Rose flowers generally germinate earlier and if planted in the spring, it is best to do so from late January to late February. Too late will reduce the survival rate of transplantation. A single plant to be planted must have at least three or four stems, with some roots. In general, the propagator can flower in the same year.
The common type of rose, the hair root is relatively easy, can be propagated with cuttings. Cuttings are usually made with old-ripe branches during the dormant period of late autumn or early spring roses. A good grasp of the deciduous and germination stages of roses is important for cuttings to survive. If cuttings are made during the moldy rain period, new branches that are half-ripe must be selected. Young cuttings must pay attention to temperature and humidity, otherwise it is not easy to survive. To maintain humidity, it can be covered with glass on a flower pot or wooden box, or it can be covered with plastic film. If a large number of reproduction is carried out, cuttings can be carried out using a insertion bed. The use of plastic film arch, the relative humidity in the arch should be more than 80%, the temperature is about 25c. Ventilation should be carried out when the temperature of the shed is too high, and appropriate shade can be carried out at noon to control the temperature. It takes about a month to take root after this management, transplant it the following spring, and flowers are visible in the third year. For a small amount of family reproduction, you can pick new shoots in mid-June, insert the pot, water enough to use plastic film to make the pot mask strict, put it in the shade, the temperature is maintained at about 15c, the maximum should not exceed 30c, about a month later to root, and then open the plastic film is still placed in the shade to grow. If a pot is planted with several plants, it should be divided into pots, and it should be placed in a place where there is no direct light at the beginning of the pot.
Grafting generally uses roses as rootstocks, and roses are propagated by sowing seeds. After 3 years of growth after sowing, it can be used for grafting. Buds are harvested between August and September and take 2 to 3 weeks to become viable; root joins should be carried out from December to January before the roses germinate.
Before planting, the hole should be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and after planting, it should be watered. Fertilize about 4 times a year thereafter. In the early spring, a germination fertilizer is applied, followed by another flowering fertilizer. If organic fertilizer is applied once during the flowering period and before winter, the flowers will be more, larger, colorful and fragrant in the following year. When the air is dry in the early spring, it should be fully irrigated to promote the differentiation of flower buds. Cultivating soil during flowering can prolong the flowering time. Pruning is carried out after autumn to promote the germination of new branches. Roses are afraid of waterlogging, the water is slightly longer, the lower leaves are yellow, and when severe, they will die. Therefore, the rainy season needs to be drained in time.
Pruning and renewal roses are flowers that bloom on the branches of the year. Therefore, regular pruning can make the plant grow vigorously, the flowers are colorful, the tree shape is correct, and the flowering age can be extended. Rose pruning is divided into flowering trimming and dormant trimming. Flowering pruning is after the first batch of flowers bloom, at a short cut of 15 to 20 cm above the base of the flower branches, to promote the development of new branches, so that the second batch of flowers bloom more and good quality. Dormancy trimming is performed before early spring germination. Leave 4 to 5 branches per plant, stub 40 to 50 cm from the ground, leave 1 to 2 side branches per branch, and leave two buds on each side branch. A rose can live for more than 20 years, the 3-year-old plant has the most flowering, and after 4 to 5 years of growth, the growth potential of the plant begins to decline, and the yield and quality of the flower also begin to decline. Therefore, the plant needs to be renewed and rejuvenated. The method of regeneration is to turn out the old roots in the rose garden that has been colonized for 4 to 5 years, replant after removing the diseased insect branches and aging branches, and divide the overly dense and excessively strong plants, or cut off the aging rose plants in autumn and winter, and then plough the soil between the rows, apply cake fertilizer and water. In this way, although there are not many flowers in the following year, the flower output will be greatly improved in the next 2 to 3 years.
Common pests and diseases of roses Rust, powdery mildew, black spot disease; thorn moths, moths, mulberry caterpillars, leaf-cutting bees, rose stem bees, mesozoans, etc. Spray 50% carbendazim after the onset of powdery mildew and black spot disease, or 50% tolbutazine 500 to 800 times liquid, or 75%, 70% bacillus 600 to 800 times liquid. The first prevention and control of rust is to spray 600 times the zinc liquid of Daisen before the onset of the disease, and spray 300 times the sodium solution of the rust after the onset of the disease. Leaf-cutting bees can manually kill their adult insects, or spray 1000 to 1500 times the liquid of borer pine; and spray 90% dimethodium or 50% octyl thiophos or 50% pine 1000 times liquid for leaf-eating pests.