When New China was founded, Mao Zedong once figuratively compared: "We have solved the problems above our heads, but we have not yet solved the problems under our feet." "The problem at the head is three mountains, and the problem at the foot is the extremely poor economic base.
This world's most populous country with hundreds of millions of people ranked 26th in the world in terms of total industrial output that year, and its per capita income was less than one percent of that of European and American countries. The annual steel output is only 150,000 tons, which is not enough for nails.
The vast majority of the country are peasants facing the loess with their backs to the sky, the mode of production is stuck in ancient times, and half of the people are in a state of semi-starvation.
On the other hand, hundreds of thousands of remnants of the Kuomintang and armed bandits were circulating in more than half of the country's provinces, and nearly half of the plausibus troops of the People's Liberation Army were suppressing bandits everywhere, and the other half had mostly switched to agricultural production.
In the face of a devastated and wasted China, Mao Zedong's mood was both happy and anxious, and his repeated exclamations were: "There are too many things we need to do!" ”
In early June 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in Beijing, at which Mao Zedong specifically emphasized: "Don't attack from all sides!" ”
At the meeting, in addition to the thorny economic issues, the two most important tasks were to be solved - "marching into Tibet" and "liberating Taiwan".
However, on June 25, a dozen days later, the Korean War broke out. Two days later, the United States announced its invasion of Korea and ordered its Seventh Fleet to enter the Taiwan Strait to assist in the defense of Taiwan. Subsequently, he quickly signed a "defense agreement" with Chiang Kai-shek on Taiwan.
The flames of war soon reached the banks of the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea.
Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee made up their minds to postpone the campaign to attack Taiwan, which was being intensively prepared.
On June 30, Mao Zedong ordered Zhou Enlai to meet with Xiao Jinguang, the commander of the navy who assisted Su Yu in attacking Taiwan, and conveyed the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission: "Postpone the time for the liberation of Taiwan." ”
Sending troops to Korea was one of the most difficult decisions mao's life.
Faced with the invincible victors of World War II and the US army, which even the Soviets were very jealous of, the CPC Central Committee discussed whether to send troops on October 1 to October 18, when Mao Zedong presided over a meeting to determine the time for the volunteer army to enter the DPRK for combat.
During the collective discussion of the Central Committee, Mao Zedong fully promoted democracy, let everyone speak freely, and when faced with many opinions opposing the dispatch of troops, he frankly admitted that "what you say is justified."
But in the end, the decision to send troops to participate in the war was made, and one punch was thrown, so as not to be a hundred punches.
The choice to enter the war was difficult, but Mao Zedong had a premonition a decade ago that the United States would have the greatest external influence on China in the future, and that the possibility of China and the United States becoming friends was small, and the possibility of becoming enemies was high.
On October 25, 1940, this politically sensitive leader had this analysis in an intra-party directive drafted for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China:
"It must also be assumed that the U.S. Navy concentrated its forces on defeating the Japanese Navy, Japan surrendered to the United States, the Japanese Army withdrew from China, the United States militarily armed China's Anglo-American faction financially, China changed from a Japanese colony to an American colony, and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists became a large-scale civil war.
At this time, more than a year before the Battle of Pearl Harbor, the arrogant Japanese militarism was weaving a dreamy "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." On the other side, the Yamamoto Fifty-Six had begun to plan how to defeat the U.S. Pacific Fleet.
Mao Zedong had foreseen the outcome of the Pacific War, which had not yet broken out, and even more foresaw that after the war the United States would help and arm the "Anglo-American faction of China", the Kuomintang.
Mao's decade of vigilance against the United States eventually erupted on the Korean battlefield.
In the face of sudden changes in the storm, Mao Zedong, who had a strategic vision, calmly observed the situation at home and abroad and made a series of far-sighted judgments and decisions.
At that time, the United States sent troops to Korea, controlled Taiwan, and supported the invading French army, posing a strategic threat to New China from three strategic directions.
The Party Central Committee with Mao Zedong at the core, on the one hand, realized that a contest with US imperialism was inevitable, and on the other hand, it was also examining the battlefield suitable for itself.
In February 1958, after the smoke of gunfire, Zhou Enlai said at the meeting of volunteer cadres: "Our contest with US imperialism is inevitable, and the problem is to see where we choose."
This, of course, is determined by imperialism, but at the same time it is determined by us. Imperialism decided to go to the Korean battlefield, which is beneficial to us, and we also decided to resist the United States and aid Korea.
Now if we think about the three battlefields, you will understand that in any case, if we fight in Vietnam, let alone on the coastal islands, it will be much more difficult than here. ”
Therefore, when the progress of the Korean People's Army was still very smooth, Mao Zedong took precautions and made a major decision to form the Northeast Border Defense Army.
Later, relying on superior equipment and technical conditions, the US military broke through the 38th Line and entered and occupied Pyongyang, which took only ten days. If it were not for the early determination and preparation of the Party Central Committee, it would have been difficult to react in a timely manner when the situation of the Korean War suddenly reversed.
More than three months after the establishment of the Northeast Border Defense Army, it was officially renamed the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and went abroad to resist the United States and aid Korea. The commander of the Northeast Frontier Defense Army, Mao Zedong hand-picked Su Yu.
Moreover, on the one hand, the volunteer army team considered the battlefield environment in Korea, and on the other hand, it was for Su Yu.
Su Yu (middle)
In May 1950, on the eve of the outbreak of the Korean War, because the main forces of the Kuomintang troops in Zhoushan and Hainan Island withdrew to Taiwan, increasing Taiwan's defensive strength, Su Yu proposed to the central authorities that "it would be better if three or four corps could be drawn from other field armies as the second echelon or reserve."
The Central Committee quickly agreed to his request and decided to transfer 4 corps of other field armies to participate in the battle. At the same time, the 13th Corps of Shino was used as a strategic reserve, and 19 corps were drawn from Ichino as a mobile force.
Before the volunteer army went abroad, the main body of the Northeast Border Defense Army was the Shino 13 Corps, the Sanye 9 Corps and the Ichino 19 Corps. Among them, the Sanye 9 Corps itself was the main force attacking Taiwan.
Late on the night of July 6, Mao Zedong personally wrote a telegram to Su Yu informing Chen Yi, commander of the East China Military Region, Rao Shushi, secretary of the East China Bureau and political commissar of the East China Military Region, summoning Su Yu to Beijing to accept a new important task:
Comrade Su Yu also told Chen (Yi) Rao (Shushi):
Comrade Su Yu entrusted the important tasks at present, and asked Su to complete the handling of Sanye affairs by July 16, and to come to Beijing on July 18 to accept the task, and su could bring a few secretaries and staff officers with him when he came.
Mao Zedong
23:00 on July 6
The urgent "important task" issued late at night refers to the appointment of Su Yu as commander and political commissar of the Northeast Border Defense Army, preparing to send troops to aid the DPRK. Mao Zedong gave Su Yu only two weeks to handle and hand over the affairs of the Third Field Army.
Why Su Yu?
First, because he has rich combat experience in large corps and is familiar with AMERICAN equipment. The Battle of Menglianggu first destroyed Chiang Kai-shek's most elite ace army, the reorganized 74th Division, and in the Battle of Huaihai, it ate Chiang Kai-shek's three American-armed corps in one fell swoop.
Second, he fought the "battle of the gods and immortals" to the best of his ability, was good at defeating the strong with the weak, and faced the strong enemy, the US army, which was particularly important. Chiang Kai-shek once sighed: "Chen and Su are like fish on the seashore, fleeting."
Third, Su Yu never left the battlefield. Peng Dehuai, a few "gods of war" in the military, was grasping construction in the great northwest; Liu Bocheng had left the front line since the suppression of bandits in the southwest to concentrate on military education; the shot that Lin Biao had taken after recuperating from illness and winning the ping-type Guan's great victory had brought him a lingering nervous disorder; and Su Yu was preparing for war in Taiwan.
The day after the urgent telegram was sent, Zhou Enlai, who presided over the daily work of the Central Military Commission, was entrusted by Mao Zedong to convene the first national defense conference to discuss the situation in Korea and national defense issues, at which it was announced that Su Yu would be the commander and political commissar of the Northeast Border Defense Army.
Su Yu, who received Mao Zedong's urgent telegram late at night, then received a notice of appointment from the Central Military Commission, and he was a little excited and a little worried.
After pondering, he called back cautiously: "... Accepting this task, if the command is not proper, it will be difficult to command below, and it will be a mistake. ”
Why did Su Yu, who was dazzling in the War of Liberation, reply to such a telegram?
Because of this time, his physical condition also had great problems, high blood pressure, gastrointestinal diseases, Meniere's syndrome and other diseases recurred, constantly tormenting him, every day headaches and dizziness unbearable, relying on wearing a brain device to work.
However, Mao Zedong did not give up on the commander of the field army who fought the most brilliant battle with the elite Kuomintang troops in the War of Liberation, and still insisted that he go, but postponed the stipulated time to Beijing until early August.
Mao Zedong again drafted a reply telegram in his own handwriting:
Call us. If you are sick, you should rest and recuperate, but I still hope that you will come to Beijing in early August, when if you are in good health, you will take up a job, and if you are not in good health, you will continue to recuperate.
July 10
Su Yu no longer struggled: "If Chairman Mao insists that I go, I can't resign, I still want to go." ”
While recuperating, he immediately began to prepare.
However, Su Yu's condition was getting worse and worse, and sometimes it was difficult to turn his head left and right, and when eating, he had to put the meal in a straight line in front.
He had to ask the Central Military Commission and Mao Zedong for leave for treatment in an effort to recover as soon as possible.
Su Yu, who came to Qingdao to recuperate, did not see an improvement in his condition, but some aggravated, "because the new task is imminent, and his illness has not improved, his heart is very anxious, so that he can't rest and rest." ”
(The cause of Su Yu's headache remained inexplicable until his death, when he was cremated, and his family found three pieces of fragmented shrapnel in the ashes.) This was the Red Army period in 1930, when Su Yu was shot in the head during the Battle of Shuinan, and three pieces of shrapnel remained in the skull since then. ）
Luo Ruiqing, minister of public security who had come to see Su Yu, reported to Mao Zedong after returning to Beijing.
Mao Zedong began to consider arranging for Lin Biao, commander of the Central and Southern Military Region and Siye, to lead an army on the expedition.
However, Lin Biao, who was recuperating from illness, was not in a good condition, and although from a military point of view he did not approve of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, he did have some problems with his health.
A gunshot wound in 1938 left a penetrating wound on the left side of Lin Biao's spine, which has since fallen into a lifelong disease, called autonomic neuropathy in technical terms.
At the end of the year, Lin Biao went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment, but it is said that because of the doctor's mistakes, he was afraid of water and wind, afraid of strong light, afraid of sweating, and often relied on morphine to relieve pain.
Since then, the story of Lin Biao's condition has begun to be almost exaggerated, including sleeping habits, room layout, and like to sit on a bumpy car to "treat" and so on.
At that time, the US military had not yet crossed the "38th Line," and judging from the situation at that time, the commander-in-chief could wait for a few more months to be in place.
Therefore, Mao Zedong telegraphed on September 3 to Gao Gang, who was temporarily in charge of the Northeast Border Defense Army: "Lin and Su are both ill, and the two Xiao have work here, and neither of them can come for the time being, but in a few months it is possible, and the estimated time is there." ”
But the situation on the battlefield soon changed, and the time for the "Inchon landing" arrived. On September 15, U.S. troops landed at The Port of Incheon on the west coast of central Korea and entered the "38th Line" on all fronts, and the Korean People's Army was in a dangerous situation of being attacked from the belly and back, and the situation was extremely critical.
On October 1, Kim Il Sung called and asked our country to send troops to support the Korean People's Army.
That night, under the auspices of Mao Zedong, the Politburo Standing Committee held an all-night discussion on Kim Il-sung's call and the situation in North Korea.
As for who would be in charge, at first Mao Zedong wanted Lin Biao to take office. But Lin Biao's state was really not good, both mentally and physically.
Mao Zedong said: "Lin Biao believes that the disparity in equipment between the enemy and ourselves is extremely large, and if we rush to send troops, we will inevitably 'set ourselves on fire,' and the serious consequences will be unimaginable." After talking to him once, he said that he was insomnia, weak and sickly, afraid of the wind, afraid of light, afraid of sound. How can this lead the army to fight! ”
After two days and nights of reflection, Mao Zedong thought of Peng Dehuai, commander of the Northwest Military Region and chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Committee.
On October 4, Peng Dehuai, who was reviewing plans for the development and construction of the Great Northwest in his office, was sent by the General Office of the Central Committee to beijing from Xi'an.
Because he did not know anything beforehand, he did not explain the work to his subordinates, and rolled up the drawings of the development of the Great Northwest and got on the plane.
Peng Dehuai never imagined that this trip was to go to North Korea to direct a vicious battle. At four o'clock in the afternoon, the car that greeted him went straight into Zhongnanhai, where Mao Zedong and other central leaders had been meeting for more than an hour.
After taking a seat, Peng Dehuai quickly realized that the atmosphere of the venue was unusual.
"It's better not to fight this battle until it's a last resort." Nie Rongzhen, then acting chief of the general staff, recalled that this was the tendency of most people that day.
After decades of war, the wounds of the war in New China urgently need to be healed, and the country's financial and economic situation is quite difficult. Three or four million people are unemployed in cities, and thirty or forty million peasants in rural areas are deeply affected by floods.
Land reform in the newly liberated areas has yet to be carried out, and the hidden Small Kuomintang armed forces and bandits urgently need to be eliminated.
Although there are brave and good-fighting armies, their weapons and equipment are far behind those of the US military; and the air and sea supremacy are impossible to talk about...
Once North Korea is occupied, China will face directly the fully mechanized U.S. military armed to the teeth.
Mao Zedong saw this very clearly, the war was provoked by the Americans, and the United States had already sent troops to the Taiwan Strait, so we had no choice. Peace is not achieved by concessions, and the best defense is offense.
Peng Dehuai made a clear statement: "It is necessary to send troops to Korea, and if it is broken, it is equivalent to a few years of late victory in the war of liberation, and if the US military is placed on the banks of the Yalu River and Taiwan, he wants to launch a war and can find an excuse at any time!" ”
"The tiger wants to eat people, and when to eat it depends on his stomach, and it is not okay to give in to him. If it wants aggression, I will counter aggression. Unlike US imperialism, it is difficult for us to build socialism. ”
……
On October 8, 1950, Mao Zedong, chairman of the Military Commission of the Chinese People's Revolution, issued an order:
In order to assist the Korean people in the war of liberation, oppose the attacks of US imperialism and its lackeys, and defend the interests of the Korean people and the Chinese people, Peng Dehuai was appointed commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army. All rear work supply matters were guaranteed by Gao Gang, commander and political commissar of the Northeast Military Region...
On the same day, Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang flew to Shenyang to study the issue of deploying volunteer troops to fight abroad together with the leaders of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Northeast Military Region.
The next day, a meeting of leading cadres at and above the volunteer army level was held to convey the current situation in Korea and the intention of the central authorities to send troops, and to demand that all armies complete the preparations for going abroad to fight within 10 days.
At this time, cadres generally reflected that our army's weapons and equipment were too poor, that there were great concerns about US aircraft, and that the troops had no ability to resist enemy aircraft.
Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang jointly sent a telegram to Mao Zedong on the same day to ask for instructions: "When our army goes abroad to fight, how many fighters and bombers can the Central Military Commission send to cooperate?" When will it be dispatched and by whom? Looking forward to speed electricity? ”
In fact, this issue has been considered by the central government for a long time. On the same day that Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang flew to Shenyang, another special plane also took off from Beijing, and Zhou Enlai was on the plane with The Russian translator Zhe and confidential secretary Kang Yimin.
On the orders of Mao Zedong, they secretly flew to Moscow to hold talks with the Central Committee of the CPSU and Stalin. The main task of the talks was to discuss the replacement of Soviet weapons and equipment by the volunteers and the cooperation of the Soviet air force with the volunteers.
Stalin told Zhou En: Since the successful landing at The Port of Inchon, the US army has frantically attacked north of the "38th Line, putting great pressure on North Korea, and now it seems that the enemy will not stop advancing, and according to the current situation, if there is no support, it can last at most for a week.
This means that the US military and the South Korean army will be Chen Bing on the yalu River and the Tumen River on the border between China, the Soviet Union, and the DPRK, and it is estimated that at that time, we, especially your northeast, will probably not have a peaceful day, and they can harass them from the air and sea at any time.
But the Soviet army has long since withdrawn from Korea, and now it is difficult for us to send troops to Korea, because this is equivalent to our direct war with the United States, so China can send a certain number of troops, and we supply weapons and equipment.
In combat, we can dispatch the air force as cover, but only in the rear, and can not go to the front and go deep behind the enemy, so as not to be shot down and captured by the enemy, which will cause adverse effects in the international community.
On October 2, at the request of Prime Minister Kim Il Sung, the Chinese government "decided to send a part of the army in the name of the volunteer army to the dprk to aid the North Korean comrades," Zhou Enlai said. Because if the whole of Korea is occupied by the Americans, it will be bad for the whole East. ”
This intention was telegraphed to Comrade Stalin on the same day, but due to the protracted war in our country, the national economy has been extremely seriously damaged, and moreover, the disparity in weapons and equipment compared with the US army is too large, and the air force has just been established.
Therefore Chinese when the Volunteer Army was dispatched, the Soviet Union should supply the Volunteer Army with modern weapons and equipment, and dispatch the Air Force to support the Chinese Volunteer Army in entering the Korean War.
After hearing this, Stalin said: "The Soviet Union can fully meet the needs of Chinese aircraft, artillery, tanks and other equipment, and the specific details will be studied and resolved by Marshal Molotov and Marshal Bulganin and the Soviet military, and will be transported to Manchuria as soon as possible for handover." ”
"But the Soviet Air Force is not yet ready, it cannot be dispatched for the time being, and it will take two or two and a half months before it can dispatch the Air Force to support the volunteer army in Korea."
Zhou Enlai was deeply disappointed to hear that the Soviet Air Force would have to wait two months before it could dispatch.
When the news reached China, Mao Zedong fell into contemplation. The volunteer army's equipment is too poor, and after entering the DPRK, it will have to fight against the enemy's army, navy, and air force without the cover of air force. If the war cannot be won, how will the war be dealt with if it is extended to China?
Deeply anxious about the country's security, Mao Zedong decided to convene another Politburo meeting. On the evening of October 12, Mao Zedong ordered Peng Dehuai and Gao Gang to return to Beijing and demanded that the troops reorganize in situ and not move for the time being.
In the early morning of October 13, Peng Dehuai took the head of the command post, Cheng Pu (former director of the Operations Department of the General Staff), to the north on a train from Andong (Dandong) to Shenyang, and the commander of the volunteer army who worked for several days and nights fell asleep purring on the sleeper until he arrived in Shenyang at noon on the 13th.
As soon as he got off the train, Peng Dehuai hurried back to the headquarters of the Northeast Military Region and briefly talked with Gao Gang, who had been waiting for him, and flew back to Beijing by special plane together.
On the afternoon of the 13th, Mao Zedong once again presided over the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee in Zhongnanhai, and in the face of the critical situation, everyone was worried:
On the one hand, the Korean battlefield is precarious, the flames of war have burned to the banks of the Yalu River, and US military aircraft are constantly bombing China's border cities of Dandong, Kuandian, Ji'an and other places;
On the other hand, without the support of the Soviet Air Force, the volunteer army will be like a no-man's land above it, and it will be allowed to wreak havoc on Us aircraft.
The stakes between sending troops and not sending troops are repeatedly intertwined in the mind.
On the evening of the 13th, Mao Zedong, in accordance with the decision of the Politburo meeting, telephoned Zhou Enlai in Moscow:
"After consulting with the comrades of the Politburo, it was unanimously agreed that it would be advantageous for our army to go to Korea. In the first period, the opening of the Base Area of Korea in the mountains north of the Wonsan and Pyongyang Lines could inspire the Korean people. ”
"The adoption of the above-mentioned positive policy is extremely beneficial to China, to Korea, to the East, and to the world; and if we do not send troops, let the enemy press down to the Yalu River, and increase the domestic and international reactionary arrogance, it will be unfavorable to all sides, first of all, it will be even more unfavorable to the northeast, the entire northeast border defense army will be absorbed, and the south Manchuria power will be controlled." In short, we believe that we should go to war, we must participate in war, and the benefits of participating in war are extremely great, and the damage of not participating in war is extremely great. ”
This Politburo meeting was an extremely crucial meeting of the Chinese people to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and after repeated discussions on the stakes in sending troops to aid Korea, it was finally a foregone conclusion.
Just as he was about to send troops, Peng Dehuai and the commanders and fighters of the 13th Corps suddenly sighed at a meeting: "My life is bitter! ”
Everyone present was surprised, because everyone had never heard Peng Dehuai say such a thing.
Peng Dehuai went on to say: "During the Long March, I fought the hardest battle, and during the War of Resistance Against Japan, I was in the Taihang Mountains... Now it's the Korean War again... I was destined to suffer. ”
Everyone sighed a little, and some were silent, and they didn't know how to respond for a while.
Yes, Peng Dehuai is indeed "fateful".
At the end of 1928, the warlords of Hunan and Jiangxi mobilized a total of 6 brigades and 18 regiments of the armies of the two provinces to launch a "meeting suppression" on Jinggangshan in 5 routes, in an attempt to eliminate the Zhumao Red Army and the Jinggangshan base area in one fell swoop. Zhu De and Mao Zedong decided to lead the main force of the Red Fourth Army down the mountain, mobilize the enemy, and open up new base areas.
However, the base areas that have been painstakingly established cannot be thrown to the enemy in this way; the enemy's situation is dangerous, and there are still a number of wounded and sick people who need to be resettled, and they must be guarded by soldiers, in case the main force of the Red Fourth Army goes down the mountain unfavorably, there is still a place to return.
Therefore, General Peng Da, who had just ascended jinggang mountain, bravely shouldered the heavy burden with his usual style, did not resign, and persuaded Deng Ping, Li Can, and He Guozhong, who had different opinions.
During the Long March, the Red First Army led by Lin Biao was the vanguard unit, and the Red Third Army led by Peng Dehuai was responsible for the task of defending the central government while being responsible for the task of breaking the rear, and relatively experiencing more ups and downs, and its physical strength could not be restored as it should be.
This unspeakable pain is most evident in the process of climbing snow-capped mountains and crossing meadows like a death march. When the Red Army got rid of the snowy mountains and meadows, bid farewell to the wilderness life of wind and food, deserted people, and eating grass roots and bark, when it came to Hadapu to reorganize, there were only more than 2,000 people left in the Red Third Army, and they were extremely embarrassed, all dressed in rags, carrying a blackened boiling water tank or washbasin, completely looking like Hanako.
(Note: Comrades who have had camping experience should have a deep memory, when traveling a long distance, the front team slightly presses the pace and then starts, and the team that passes to the rear is exhausted and completely rhythmic)
Finally, Peng Dehuai's words turned sharply: "If there is no suffering, do you want communists to do it?" ”
The audience was stunned.
Yes, what do you want communists to do!
After the CPC Central Committee made the decision to resist US aggression and aid Korea, the first person to sign up for the army was Mao Anying. As Mao Zedong himself said: "I am the president of the republic, and my son of Mao Zedong does not go to anyone." ”
When Mao Zedong learned the news of Mao Anying's sacrifice, he forcibly endured the pain of losing his son and said slowly: "Fighting a war always requires death." Chinese Volunteers have sacrificed the lives of so many commanders and fighters, and their sacrifices are glorious. Kishi is an ordinary warrior, don't take it as a big deal just because I'm my son. ”
Mao Anying was the sixth member of Mao Zedong's family to give their lives for the revolutionary cause of Chinese.
During the entire period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Volunteer Army sacrificed more than 100,000 martyrs, including military-level cadres, division-level cadres, regiment-level cadres, and many more ordinary soldiers.
They came from all over the world, including Yang Gensi, who rushed into the enemy's position with explosives and died with the enemy, Huang Jiguang, who straightened his chest and blocked his eyes, Xu Jiapeng, who sacrificed his body to open the way, and Qiu Shaoyun, who lay in the sea of fire and maintained latent discipline...
Together, they represented the one-year-old New China, out of the obligation of internationalism and the need to defend the country, decisively sent troops, fought to the death against the world's most powerful countries and armies, and won great victories.
Punch away with one punch, so as not to have a hundred punches coming!
This battle not only brought out the national prestige and military prestige of new China, but also gave us the right to enjoy peace, and In modern history, China has repeatedly lost to the humiliation of the Western powers. Since then, and to this day, the use of force against China has become a very suspicious thing.
This battle not only disgraced the arrogant Americans, but even the Japanese, who laid down their arms in China a few years ago, really believed that Chinese had indeed stood up.
This battle has made overseas Chinese in the world raise their eyebrows and breathe a sigh of relief, and a large number of overseas talents have returned to the motherland like a hundred rivers and rivers; many countries in the world have stretched out their hands to embrace New China.
This battle also won the respect of the Soviet Union, laid 156 key projects for New China, and began a complete industrialization construction road.