Overlooking today's Pengzhou City.
Ancient azimuth map of Pengzhou City.
A qilin wall and Song Dynasty flagpole pillar outside an ancient ancestral hall.
At least 20 ancestral halls with the surnames of Weng, Chen, Huang, Xie and Zhuang are preserved in Pengzhou.
Pengzhou East "Fortress Monument" monument and city wall remnants.
Laid-back Pengzhou residents.
Clear bones put painted character tide fans. Guangdong Provincial Museum provided a picture of the live broadcast of the two-dimensional code thematic two-dimensional code
The Weishou system was an important military system of the Ming Dynasty and the cornerstone of coastal defense in the Ming Dynasty, and was implemented in various dangerous places across the country in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the "History of Ming", from the seventeenth year of Ming Hongwu (1384), in order to strengthen coastal defense and defend against Wukou, the Ming government built a large number of health centers in key places along the coast of Guangdong. Among them, the coastal city of Guangdong was founded in the 20th year of Ming Hongwu to the 28th year of Hongwu (1387-1395), including dacheng socheng, Pengzhou socheng, Haimen socheng, Jinghai socheng, Jiazimen socheng, Jiesheng so, Haifeng so cheng, Pinghai so cheng, Dapeng so city, Dongguan so city, Xiangshan so city, Hailang so city, Pisces so city, Ningchuan so city, Lemin so city, Haikang so city, Jinnang so city, Hai'an so city a total of 18, all distributed in the important pass location of Guangdong coastal area, according to the Ming Dynasty Haiphong three roads distribution, It was carefully selected and built as a military fortress of the Ariake generation, and was still used as a military unit for more than 80 years in the early Qing Dynasty. The coastal city of Guangdong has played an active role in Guangdong coastal defense through the Ming and Qing dynasties, and its function and evolution reflect the development process of the military system and coastal defense policy of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Pengzhou Xiaoshi: "Pengzhou Shou Yu Qianhushou"
Pengzhou Socheng is located in the northwest of Shantou City, Guangdong Province, the eastern foothills of Sangpu Mountain, and is now divided into four community neighborhood committees of Pengzhou East, Pengzhou West, Pengzhou South and Pengzhou North, which belong to Jinping District, with a village area of about 205 square kilometers and a population of nearly 20,000.
Since ancient times, this is a coastal sand dune area, in order to consolidate the border of the sea frontier, Ming Hongwu in the 27th year (1394) "Pengzhou Shou Yu Qianhushou" from Xialing Village (now Guanghuabu) migrated here.
The establishment of the "Shou Yu Qianhu House" stemmed from the military management model of the "Guardian House System" implemented in the early Ming Dynasty. In that year, from the Beijing division to the prefecture and county, all of them set up health and offices, with 5600 people as one bathroom and 1120 people as one. Each province has set up a commanding envoy department to command each guard, and each guard has jurisdiction over each station, while the "Shou yu Qianhu Office" is stationed in a separate place and directly under the jurisdiction of the capital command envoy department.
In the 31st year of Hongwu (1398 AD), in order to consolidate the border of the sea frontier, under the auspices of Dong Xing, the hundred households where the Pengzhou Shouyu family was located, built a garrison of Shicheng around 640 zhang, one hundred and fifty feet high, so it was named Pengzhou Shoucheng, and there was a protective river around the city. At the same time, the masonry city wall, the circumference of the city is 2133.33 meters, there are 4 gates in the east, west, south and north, and there are moon towers on the city gates.
During the Ming Jiajing period, through the military department Shangshu Weng Wanda, the people of the four townships moved in to buy property, forming a pattern of soldiers and civilians in the same city. After several demolitions, the city wall has been demolished, and at present only the east and north gates are left, which have been preserved due to the entanglement of ancient banyan trees.
Since the establishment of Chenghai County at the end of Jiajing, Pengzhou has been under the jurisdiction of Chenghai County until 1984, when Shantou was upgraded to a prefecture-level city and classified as a suburb of Shantou.
There are a large number of ancient buildings in the city, such as quaint residential buildings, temples, ancestral halls, small bridges, and rain pavilions, which have high cultural value.
Lost walls, family glory looms
After a hundred years of wind and rain, thousands of households in the city, people are not at ease.
Where is the city of that year? In Pengzhou East, the reporter found a stone stele of "city fortress monuments". There is a large banyan tree next to the stone stele, and the banyan tree is wrapped around some stones, which is said to be a little mark left by the "Pengzhou City" with a history of more than 600 years. Weng Ruinan, the former secretary of Pengzhou East Community, lamented that after the Japanese invasion of Chaoshan, most of the city wall was demolished, and the remains were demolished in 1958 and transported to Chenghai sand for the construction of the outer sand bridge. This "city wall" has been preserved to this day, thanks to the roots of the banyan tree, which are tightly wrapped around the stones of the city wall.
According to the "Investigation and Research on the Remains of Coastal Defense in the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Guangdong", there are four gates in the city of Pengzhou, and the outer ring is protected, and it was rebuilt in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625). Qing Jiaqing seven years (1803) reconstruction, during the War of Resistance Japanese invasion of China, demolished most of the half, the east city wall side of the rear, the north gate city wall each has an ancient banyan tree, banyan tree roots wrapped around the city wall, the remnants were demolished in 1958, the existing East Gate city wall remnants of 13.8 meters, thickness 3.6 meters, height 4.3 meters, north gate city wall remnants 5.2 meters, thickness 1.5 meters, height 3.2 meters, made of granite stone masonry.
The city wall left regrets, but fortunately there are those brand-new ancestral halls, telling future generations the people of that year, the story of that year. There are nearly 50 surnames in Pengzhou, and nearly 20 ancestral halls with the surnames of Weng, Chen, Huang, Xie and Zhuang are still preserved.
Many of these ancestral halls have been renovated, and Chaoshan inlaid porcelain has been added to the roof, silently telling future generations about the glory of the family. For example, the Xie clan, the hereditary officers of the old Pengzhou City, were the military households of that year. The ancestral hall and mansion buildings that exist in the clan are still faintly visible.
In Jiaqing's "Chronicle of Chenghai County", there are relevant records of the Pengzhou Guandi Temple, which can be seen from the other promotions of the Ming and Qing dynasties and their relevant contributions to the construction of Pengzhou City:
Guandi Temple. The main hall is dedicated to Emperor Guan, and the rear hall is a statue of Buddha, and the front is a mountain gate. On the main street in Pengzhou City. In the Ming Dynasty, the Yi people hereditary commanded Xie Hongjian. Demolition and demolition. The Kangxi Emperor of the State Dynasty commanded Xie Yingzi to rebuild. In the twenty-first year of Qianlong, Wang Weiwan, the inspector of Baopu, led the temple monks to raise the mountain gate.
In this account, two important figures of the Xie clan are mentioned: one is Xie Hongmu, the "hereditary commander of the Wanli Dynasty". In the Ming Dynasty system of health centers, the post of You Shi was the assistant of the commander, and was generally divided into training and military discipline. The other was Xie Yingzi, the "raiding commander" during the Kangxi Dynasty. The commander is the highest military commander at the level of the guardhouse in the system of the guardhouse. It can be seen that the ancestors of the Xie clan made their fortunes little by little through their own efforts, from serving as assistants to commanders in the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, becoming the highest person in charge of the city.
For these ancestral halls and surnames, the reporter consulted Huang Ting, vice president of the Chaoxue Research Institute. He said that in the city of Weishou, the military households developed faster and better, and slowly became big families, like the Xie family. Zhu Yuanzhang regained the Han world from the Mongols and completed the success of the only Northern Expedition in China's feudal history. After the success of the Northern Expedition, a large number of Ming troops became a burden. In order to solve this problem, Zhu Yuanzhang at that time ordered the army to be arranged to go to Tuntian, and the system of guard houses was created. Therefore, the original army was installed in the guardhouse, that is, foreigners, but there were also locals. The source of guards in the Ming Dynasty mainly came from four aspects: conscription, annexation, hair, and stacking. Among them, the first two are the armed forces that existed before the establishment of the "Weishou system", mainly the troops accumulated by Zhu Yuanzhang when he founded the country, and the last two are the soldiers recruited after the founding of the country. Among the four sources of soldiers, the largest number of soldiers obtained by "stack sets". According to the proportion of population, a family has five dings or three dings and one ding for the army.
Pengzhou city is full of talents, and there have been more than 20 jinshi here. The Ming Dynasty soldier Shangshu Weng Wanda and wujinshi Weng Bangshi were all from this place.
For this reason, in Pengzhou, another famous family that is often mentioned, the Weng clan, is not a military household. In the county chronicle, outside the North Gate is another village different from the one inside Pengzhou. With the demolition of the city walls of Pengzhou, the two villages were merged into one, called Pengzhou, and outside the north gate was called Xialushe. Therefore, the residents outside the North Gate were not affected by the demolition when the city was built in the early Ming Dynasty, so there is still a Weng clan living outside the North Gate for more than a thousand years, which is known locally as the North Gate Outer Weng.
The Future of Pengzhou Socheng: A Demonstration Film of Rural Revitalization in The Ancient Village of Yunjiang
In 2007, Pengzhou was rated as a provincial ancient village by the Guangdong Provincial Federation of Literature and Literature and the Guangdong Folk Writers Association. There are also a number of cultural relics in the village, which have been identified as cultural relics sites by the cultural relics department and traditional buildings by the planning department.
Walking in Pengzhou East, you can still see a lot of old walls and old houses, commissaries, hair salons, bakeries and no shop signs, so directly open in front of you.
Here, in addition to the old house, people are also particularly interesting. The old secretary Weng Ruinan introduced himself to the reporter halfway through, and suddenly said that he was going to pick up his grandson from school. After picking up his grandson, Weng Ruinan hurried back again.
At the end of the streets, you can occasionally see women with erlang's legs on their knees, or melon seeds, or knitting sweaters, sitting together in pairs, the years are quiet, and the time is comfortable. In the old house, a house with an aluminum parapet is slightly grand. At this time, a woman came out of the inside, and the reporter couldn't help but ask her, "This house looks good." She laughed and said, "This is a hundred-year-old house, just renovated."
This small village still seems to be far away from the center of urban construction, settled in a corner, maintaining a folk life of settlement.
Although it looks a little old and unremarkable, it seems to have a very humanistic temperature.
For the future of Pengzhou, Huang Teng, deputy director of the Yunjiang Subdistrict Office in Jinping District, Shantou City, said that there are plans to connect the four communities of Pengzhou East, Pengzhou West, Pengzhou South and Pengzhou North to create a demonstration film for the revitalization of the ancient villages in The River. Pengzhou Ancient Village has rich folk cultural relics and many characteristic architectural relics. The construction of demonstration films can be based on the construction of beautiful villages in various communities, and the various cultural elements scattered in the countryside can be integrated in tandem, relying on the culture of the city and the revolutionary culture to create the development of rural cultural tourism.
Ancient city tracing
The missing Pengzhou fan
In the memory of Weng Ruinan, the retired former secretary of the Pengzhou East Community, Pengzhou once had a famous specialty garlic, and he proudly said, "There used to be garlic exports, and our garlic here is especially popular with people in Singapore." You can't take garlic from other places to impersonate it, their mouths are very sharp, and they know that the taste is different. Our mountains and water are good, and the things we grow are different, but unfortunately, there is no land to cultivate now, and there is no garlic anymore. ”
Unfortunately, it's not just garlic. According to the "Pengzhou Village" record, the most famous Pengzhou fan in that year was Pengzhou Fan, but even in the memory of the old secretary Weng Ruinan, there was none.
Scholar Huang Wancheng once wrote that Pengzhou fan was a beautiful scenery - chao fan art, which was introduced to Deyang from Chaozhou in 1892, and through the craftsmen Li Baocheng and Huang Huiting combined with the local reality, the material was improved and developed into "Deyang a must". During the Republic of China, there were more than 30 Deyang Chaofan Zhuang, with an annual output of more than 1700, and the famous calligraphers and painters Zhang Daqian, Ye Qianyu, Jiang Zhaohe, and Dong Shouping painted on the Deyang Chaofan to commemorate. In 1943, the Nationalist government specially selected 4 Deyang chao fans, painted by Zhang Daqian and Xie Qusheng, and gave them to Roosevelt as a birthday gift, and Roosevelt gave two of them to the National Museum of the United States. In 1956, the state specially produced a batch of fine products, as a national gift to the Soviet Union, Romania, India and other countries. Deyang Chao Fan practitioner, now only folk artist Gong Dejiang is not willing to lose traditional art is struggling to support. In 2001, Deyang declared the Chao Fan project as a folk art protection project.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Pengzhou Fan already had a certain influence in Guangzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou, and even in Beijing. With the demand for products, the production process of Pengzhou fan gradually spread, so at that time, many craft stores in Chaozhou City were also engaged in the production of Pengzhou fan, and even spread to Deyang, Sichuan.
At that time, Pengzhou fan had become a method for social and cultural elites to flaunt their own confucian demeanor and shape a symbol of their own cultural image. Therefore, they are often proud of having a Pengzhou fan, and they also regard pengzhou fan as a gift: when Huang Ruocheng, a famous scholar in Pengzhou at the end of the Qing Dynasty, asked someone to draw a picture of happiness, he held a Pengzhou fan in his hand; at that time, after western missionaries entered Shantoubu, in order to gain the recognition of the local society, they wore long shirts, tang shoes, and held Pengzhou fans, and occasionally saw the old photos of the Republic of China in Shantou, and they could also see the shadow of Pengzhou fans; and the famous scholar Chen Longqing installed the old Tibetan ivory fan handle and gave it to Huang Jiyu (Ren Chu): "There can be a few handshakes and words. The old handle is specially changed to a new cut. Ziqiao pu spring wind, sunflower weed should often open to the sun. A few degrees south of kaoru thousands of miles, the sails of the north cross a thunder. Yan Liang Shi Jun Xiu asked, with the effect of yellow incense fan pillow to come. ”
It is said that in the early 1980s, singaporean guests went to Peng chau Village to look for Peng Chau fans, but to no avail. The reporter asked about the locals, most of whom did not know about Pengzhou Fan.
If you want to find Pengzhou fan, you can only go to the museum. The Guangdong Museum has two Qing Dynasty "Chaozhou Crab Shell Fans", which are also known as Pengzhou Fans. One is "painted bangs play toad", the fan length of 25 cm, width of 22 cm, its shape like a duck paw, fan bone and fan handle are made of bamboo, with a thin line of 60 very fine and uniform fan bones choreographed into a broom shape, two sides of paste paper, and then with silk brocade wrapped edge into a fan, and painted bangs play toad character story, the fan workmanship, light and delicate. The other is the "Painted Character Story Diagram", the fan length is 29 cm, the width is 24.5 cm, its practice is similar to the "Bangs Play Toad" fan, ivory handle, bamboo frame, 63 bamboo fan bones, hemp fan surface with color ink painting literati leisure map.
Chief planner: Rong Mingchang
Planner: Wang Weiguo Wang Jia
Executive: Liu Weiming Chen Weibin
Topic Caption: Chen Pingyuan
Academic support: Huang Ting
Thematic co-ordinator: Zhou Peiwen
This issue is written by: Nandu reporter Xu Xiaolei intern Su Zhiying
Photo of this issue: Nandu, n video reporter Ma Qiang
This issue of live broadcast: Nandu, n video reporter Ma Qing Ruan Zenghao