preface
From 1902 to 1904, the German architect Ernst Boerschmann was sent to China by the German government as a building inspector of the East Asian garrison brigade, and became interested in ancient Chinese architecture, in August 1906, at the age of 33, Berchmann became the official scientific adviser of the German legation in Beijing, spending three years to conduct a comprehensive investigation of China, traveling through twelve provinces in the late Qing Dynasty, traveling thousands of miles, photographing a large number of ancient Chinese buildings and landscapes Since then, he has written a number of related works, Tuyou Huaxia Network with its original photos, according to the shooting area and time of aggregation and interpretation, and with readers and friends who love history to study together.
Part 25 Itinerary
Bai Shiman marked his three-year itinerary on the map of China at that time, from the autumn of 1906 to 1909, along the Zhili, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang almost all over China.
This is a photograph taken by Bai Shiman leaving Wuzhou for Guangzhou in early 1909, and the above picture is a map of Guangdong Province in 1905 (the blue line is Bai Shiman's itinerary).
1. Guangzhou City and Zhenhai Tower
1, Bai Shiman came to Guangzhou, this is his photo taken outside the city, nearby are many tombs, the building below is a mosque, there are two people sitting in front of the door of the house next to the sun, in the distance on Yuexiu Mountain stands a majestic city wall, the left city tower is Zhenhai Tower, and the right building complex is Guanyin Temple.
2, Bai Shiman climbed the Zhenhai Tower, he stood on a high place to take this photo, the city wall meandered down, opposite is the Guanyin Mountain, he mentioned in his recollection: Guangzhou may be the richest and most densely populated city in China, sitting north to south on a plain, the north of the city is on the hillside, surrounded by a triangular city wall, there is a five-story Zhenhai Tower, the building enshrines the patron saint of Yangcheng.
3, Bai Shiman walked to the zhenhai tower, a stone lion guarded the towering city tower, this building is the thirteenth year of Ming Hongwu AD 1380 AD, the founding general of the Ming Dynasty Yongjia Marquis Zhu Liangzu in the expansion of Guangzhou city, the city wall was built to Yuexiu Mountain, built this building on the top of the mountain, because the building has five floors and is called five floors by the people.
4. The Zhenhai Tower enshrines Wenchang and Emperor Guan, the Wenchang Emperor is the Chinese God of Wenxing, and Guan Yu is the Emperor Wu of China Chinese.
Second, the scenery of Baiyun Mountain
5. Bai Shiman came to the front of baiyun mountain, and the door plaque of "The First Peak of Tiannan" was engraved on the gate tower.
6. When Bai Shiman ascended to the height of Baiyun Mountain, the scenery in front of him was extremely shocking, and the hillside below was almost filled with dense graves.
7. Bai Shiman wrote in his recollection: The entire mountain area of Baiyun Mountain is very large, and these light-colored limestone and granite tombs are ornately built, dotted with mountaintops, hillsides and valleys.
8, in this photo, we can clearly see the ridge below, both sides of the hillside are built graves, Bai Shiman sighed: the scenery of Baiyun Mountain, the city below and the tombs in the mountain, completely interpret what is "from birth to death, from death to life", this spectacular scenery in front of us shows us a truth, that is, the essence of life is reincarnation.
9. Bai Shiman photographed several larger graves on the hillside.
10. Granite parapet in front of a tomb somewhere on the way.
11. A photo of another tomb.
3. Temple of Literature
12, Bai Shiman took a photo of the Guangzhou Confucian Temple, in front of the stone road, there are pedestrians walking by, the left side of the courtyard archway is the Star Gate, and several pillars on it are the shape of brushes.
Fourth, the flower tower
13. The flower pagoda located in the Six Banyan Trees Temple was built in 537 AD and later rebuilt during the Northern Song Dynasty, originally named baozhuangyan temple stupa, and later named the flower pagoda because the tower was shaped like a flower.
14. Bai Shiman stood at the bottom of the flower tower and shot upwards.
5. Chigang Pagoda
15. Located in Chigang, southeast of Guangzhou, stands an ancient pagoda built during the Ming Dynasty's Wanli Dynasty, located on the banks of the Pearl River, which plays the role of feng shui.
16, Bai Shiman came to the Chigang Pagoda, took a close-up of the ancient tower, from the photos at that time, we found that the tower brake has disappeared, and the top cover of the tower is an iron raspberry.
6. Haiao Pagoda
17, located in the southeast direction of Guangzhou Pipa Island, the ancient pagoda in the photo is named Haiao Pagoda, which was built in the Ming Dynasty, in addition to the use of feng shui, to protect students to dominate the head, but also become a navigation marker for ships to and from the mouth of the Pearl River, and because it is located in Pazhou and is called Pazhou Pagoda.
VII. Medicine Temple
18. In front of the Medicine Temple in Guangzhou, Bai Shiman photographed the gable facing the street, and its shape was extremely agile, and several passers-by next to him watched the camera curiously.
19. The reliefs in the Medicine Temple are mostly in the shape of pavilion characters, all fired with ceramics, which are extremely exquisite, and there is also a nameplate of "Xu Sanyouzuo".
20. The roof of a large hall in the Medicine Temple is a carving of the Erlong Play Bead, and the following is still a character story, each with two texts, the right side is: "Guangxu Yi Wei Nian", that is, 1895 AD, and the left side is: "Wu Baoyu Jingzao".
8. Nengren Temple
21. Nengren Temple, located at the foot of Baiyun Mountain, was built in 1824 AD during the Light Years of the Qing Dynasty.
22. The Daxiong Treasure Hall of Noh-in Temple, the courtyard is decorated with many flowers and trees.
9. Worship Temple
23. Because Guangzhou is a bustling city of maritime trade, people of all religious beliefs flock to guangzhou, and this mosque is a witness.
24. The niches in the temple of worship.
10. Haidong Temple
25. Bai Shiman came to the Haizhu Temple and photographed this white jade pagoda, which was built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
26. From the photos, it can be seen that the statues of bodhisattvas are carved on all four sides of the bottom of the tower, but unfortunately, the temple buildings were destroyed by the Japanese during the War of Resistance.
11. Hualin Temple
27. The pagoda located in the Hualin Temple in Guangzhou, the temple was built in 527 AD in the eighth year of the liangwu emperor, built by the Indian monk Dharma as the Xilai Nunnery, and rebuilt into the Hualin Temple during the Qing Shunzhi period. It no longer exists.
XII. Guangxiao Temple
28, Bai Shiman stood in Guangzhou Guangxiao Temple to shoot the main hall, there is a small stone pagoda in front of the hall, the temple was built during the Three Kingdoms and Eastern Jin Dynasty, changed to Guangxiao Temple during the Southern Song Dynasty, after the Qing army invaded Guangzhou, the temple was requisitioned as a military camp, and then it was also the Guangzhou Tribute Courtyard, and the photo was already school land when it was taken.
13. Chen Family Ancestral Hall
29. During his stay in Guangzhou, Bai Shiman was extremely interested in the Chen Family Ancestral Hall, and he stopped here to take a large number of photos. The Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is a three-axis and three-entry, with a total of nine halls and six courtyards.
30. Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is also known as Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, during the Qing Guangxu Dynasty, Chen Botao, a Dongguan man who had served in the Hanlin Academy, and 48 other Chen surnamed Wang clans proposed to build the Chen Family Academy, which was built by the chen clan relatives in 72 counties of the province, in addition to worshiping the ancestors of the Chen clan, it could also provide a place for the Chen clan people in the province to come to Guangzhou to participate in the imperial examination, handle lawsuits, and do business.
31. The stone lion in front of the gate of the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
32. A partial door connected in the middle of the main building of the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
33, Bai Shiman entered the side door, looked back and took this photo, the roof and walls are exquisite reliefs.
34. In the photo taken by Bai Shiman after entering the second entrance of the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, there is a man standing next to the middle fence gate.
35. Another hall in the second entrance of the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
36. The courtyard of the second entrance of the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
37. The courtyard inside the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
38. The pillar in front of a hall in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
39. A scene inside the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
40. At the door in front of the gate somewhere in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, a figure is carved under a huge stone drum.
41. The guardrail next to the steps in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall is carved with intricate and exquisite patterns.
42. The guardrail in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
43. The pillar parapet of a hall in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
44. Columns in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall.
45. In the Juxian Hall in the main hall of the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, the majestic beams and columns are hung with couplets, and the chandelier in the middle should be an electric lamp.
46. The main hall in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, on the rear altar, is placed with tablets of the ancestors of the Chen clan in the past.
14. Archways and Houses
47. A small archway photographed by Bai Shiman in Guangzhou city is inlaid with a plaque of "Jingbiao Festival Filial Piety".
48. A private house in Guangzhou.