The Diaoyu Islands are China's inherent territory and are located in the East China Sea. The Diaoyu Island Archipelago consists of 71 uninhabited islands, mainly including Diaoyu Island, Huangwei Island, Chiwei Island, North Island, South Island, North Island, South Island, Feiyu Island and so on. The Diaoyu Islands are located in the northeast of Taiwan Province, about 190 kilometers from the port of Keelung and about 420 kilometers southwest of Okinawa. The total area of Diaoyu Zhudao is about 5 square kilometers, and the sea area around the islands is about 170,000 square kilometers, equivalent to the area of five taiwan islands.
Brief introduction
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The Diaoyu Islands (known as the Diaoyutai Islands in Taiwan and the Senkaku Islands in Japan) consist of five uninhabited islands (Diaoyu Islands, Huangwei Island, Chiwei Island, South Island, and North Island) and three unplanted rocky reefs (North Island, South Island, and Feiyu Island), of which the Diaoyu Islands are the largest.
Diaoyu Islands, also known as Diaoyu Island and Diaoyutai Island, were once collectively known as Dongfan in the Ming Dynasty together with Taiwan. Diaoyu Island first appeared in the first year of Ming Yongle (1403) in wu's compilation of the book "Sending with the Wind". The southeast of the Diaoyu Islands is harpoon-shaped and is the origin of the name of the island associated with the fish.
After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan's scientific knowledge about the Diaoyu Islands was almost always obtained from books or maps of the British Navy. The Japanese Navy translated what the British Navy called pinnacle islands into "Senkaku Islands" and "Pinnacle Islands", and the name "Senkaku Islands" was derived from this.
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Geographical nature
Location: Longitude 123°-124°34′ N 25°40′-26°N
Relative position: due east of Minzhi, about 200 nautical miles from Wenzhou City, about 208 nautical miles northeast of Fuzhou City. It is 102 nautical miles from Keelung and 230 nautical miles from Naha.
Geological characteristics: its sea area is a Neo-Tertiary sedimentary basin, rich in oil. According to 1982 estimates when at 737-1574 billion barrels.
Geographical features: located on the continental shelf, attached to the island of Taiwan, separated by a trench and the Ryukyu Islands.
Island area
The Diaoyutai Islands are 3.5 kilometers long from east to west, 1.5 kilometers wide from north to south, 13.7 kilometers in circumference, and have an area of about 3.838 square kilometers, making it the largest of the Diaoyu Islands.
Ecological environment
Diaoyu Island is the largest of the eleven small islands, with bare bedrock, protruding spikes, thin soil layers and lack of fresh water. Camellia, palm, purslane are everywhere, and cacti are everywhere. These plants are obviously short and stout in order to adapt to the natural environment of strong winds at sea, and many of them are precious medicinal herbs. There is a seaweed called sea hibiscus, which grows in the crevices of rocks along the coast and is a good medicine for the prevention and treatment of rheumatism and high blood pressure. Many of China's coastal medicine pickers have ancestors picking Chinese herbs on the Diaoyu Islands. Located in the northeast of the Diaoyu Islands, Huangwei Island, steep rocky cliffs, stand in the sea, thousands of seabirds inhabit here, every year from April to May, flocks of seabirds almost cover the sky of Huangwei Island. Seabirds spawn on Huangwei Island, and the number of seabirds is extremely large, and those who land to pick up bird eggs are ready to go. Seabirds rarely approach people and hunt here, so birds are not afraid of people and are extremely easy to catch. Huangwei Island is also known as "Bird Island" because of its large number of birds.
The area around the Diaoyu Islands is home to seabirds in the Pacific Ocean, but seabirds seem to have two different families, which only inhabit Huangwei Island and North Isles, and the diaoyu Island in the center is only a stopover between the two islands. During the day, the seabirds of the two islands forage for food on their own islands, rest on the Diaoyu Island when tired, and in the evening, they fly back to huangwei island and north island where they live.
The south island is full of snakes. All kinds of snakes are scattered all over the island, the thickest ones are thick in the bowl mouth, and the thinnest ones are as thin as the little fingers. Snakes are generally yellow and black in color, but they are non-venomous. Perhaps because there are too many snakes on the south island, birds have disappeared. In addition, the Diaoyu Islands are free of mosquitoes due to the strong winds and lack of fresh water.
Historical records
In close exchanges with the Ryukyu Islands, Chinese envoys left a large number of mission records and made detailed records of the Zhongliu route, and the Diaoyu Islands were an important navigation mark on this route.
At present, the earliest written records about the Diaoyu Islands are the "Sending with the Wind" left by an an anecdote emissary in the first year of Yongle (1403). The book is not only the author's personal experience, but also a summary of the experience of previous generations, indicating that by the 15th century at the latest, the Diaoyu Islands had appeared in Chinese literature and were one of the important symbols of Sino-Liu and Sino-Japanese maritime traffic.
There are also "A Book of Japan" (written in 1555) by Zheng Shungong, who was sent to Japan during the Jiajing period, "Records of the Envoys to Ryukyu" by Chen Kan, the envoy sent to Ryukyu in the thirteenth year of The 13th year of the Ming Dynasty (1534), "Records of the Envoys to the Ryukyu Islands" by Ru Lin, a suburb of the Ryukyu Regions of Jiajing (1561), "The Records of the Ryukyu Empire" by Xie Jie who went to the Ryukyu in the seventh year of the Wanli Dynasty (1579), "The Usurpation of the Pious Platform" by Xie Jie who sent to the Ryukyu in the 13th year of the Wanli Dynasty (1534), the book by Xia Ziyang of the Ryukyu In the Thirty-fourth Year of the Wanli Dynasty (1606), and the "Records of the Ryukyu" by Wang Yi of the Ryukyu in the Twenty-second Year of the Qing Dynasty (1684) The Miscellaneous Records of Ryukyu, the "Records of Zhongshan Transmission" by Xu Baoguang, the canonized Ryukyu envoy of Kangxi in 1719, and the "Chronicle of the Ryukyu Kingdom" written by Zhou Huang of Qianlong in the twenty-first year (1756) of Ryukyu, not only mention these important geographical indications, but not only that, they also explain the attribution of the relevant navigation markers, and the Diaoyu Islands and Huangwei Island are confirmed not to belong to the Ryukyu Islands.
Experts and scholars at home and abroad agree that "the Diaoyu Islands belong to China's iron evidence", the original manuscript of the "Six Records of Fusheng" "Haiguo Ji" Qian's manuscript chapter "Outline of the Seal of the Ryukyu Kingdom", which clearly outlines the true appearance of the Diaoyu Dao section of China's national border during the format of the manuscript. The Six Records of Fusheng is an autobiographical work by the Qing Dynasty writer Shen Fu, who lost the last two volumes in circulation. In the autumn of 2005, Peng Ling, a tibetan in the mountains, accidentally purchased Qing Ren Qian Yong's miscellaneous manuscript manuscript "Note Beads" at the Chaotian Palace Antique Market in Nanjing. Later, according to domestic authoritative experts, more than 6,200 words recorded in the book on the way to the Ryukyu Dynasty envoys were from the fifth first draft of the "Six Records of Fusheng", "The Record of the Sea Kingdom". The description of the waters near the Diaoyu Dao in the text clearly outlines the Diaoyu Dao section of China's national border at the time of the formation of the manuscript, and the content is true and credible, which can be used as another ironclad evidence that China has owned sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands since ancient times.
According to the understanding of the sea areas of the East China Sea by successive emissaries and patrolling officers and soldiers, the literati and military officials of the Ming and Qing dynasties left a large number of coastal defense monographs and public opinion maps, all of which were included in the sea frontier islands, including the Diaoyu Dao islands, and became the first sign of sovereignty of the "traces of Chinese rule", such as Jiajing Thirty-five Years (1556) Zheng Shungong's "Map of Xiaodong Island and Zhuhai Mountains", Jiajing Forty Years (1561), Forty-one Years (1562) Zheng Ruo's "Ten Thousand Miles Coastal Defense Map", "Fujian Coastal Mountain Sand Map", Wanli Thirty-three Years ( 1605) Xu Bida and Dong Kewei imitated Zheng Ruozeng's "Map of Ten Thousand Miles of Coastal Defense" and painted it into the "Complete Map of Coastal Defense of Qiankun Unification", Mao Yuanyi's "Map of Fujian Coastal Mountains" in the first year of the Apocalypse (1621), Shi Yong's "Map of Fujian Coastal Defense", etc., can see the prominent position of Diaoyu Island (that is, Diaoyu Island, or Diaoyu Mountain), Olive Mountain (or Huangmao Island, Xue Polan), Huangwei Island (or Juma Island, Huangmao Island, Huangwei Mountain), chiyu Island (that is, Chiwei Island, or Chikan Island, Chiwei Mountain) in the map. After the Qing Dynasty unified China, in order to propagate the idea of imperial unification, a large number of national or local or even worldwide public opinion maps were drawn, such as the Kangxi Dynasty's "Imperial Public Opinion Overview Map", the Yongzheng Dynasty's "Imperial Public Opinion Ten Rows Map", the Qianlong Dynasty's "Imperial Public Opinion Complete Map", and the Tongzhi Dynasty's "Imperial Unified Map of China and Foreign Countries", etc., which detailed the geographical conditions of Chinese mainland and Central Asia, South Asia, Korea, and Ryukyu. Due to plate restrictions, China's coastal islands were not included in the map. However, in the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong (1760), Jiang Youren drew the "Kunyu Quantu" on behalf of the insight of the Chinese at that time, which detailed the northeast zhudao of Taiwan and its affiliated islands, the Xisha Qundao and Nansha Islands in the South China Sea, as well as the Chinese vassal states of Korea and Ryukyu, etc., to make up for the above shortcomings of the Qingji public opinion map. An edict from Empress Dowager Cixi at the end of the Qing Dynasty became a strong evidence that China possessed the Diaoyu Islands.
Research status of the Diaoyu Islands issue
The Diaoyu Dao issue is a historical unsolved case in Sino-Japanese relations, and because it involves national territorial sovereignty, national feelings, historical issues, legal issues, and regional security and stability, it has become a hot issue of common concern to experts and scholars in the disciplines of history, international law, and international relations. The core of the Diaoyu Dao issue is sovereignty ownership, and since it involves the delimitation of Sino-Japanese maritime territory and the division of its maritime rights and interests, it will be one of the most sensitive and intractable issues in Sino-Japanese relations for a long time to come. In view of this complex problem, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have published books, and a large number of academic papers and monographs have been published, and detailed examinations and discussions have been carried out from various angles.
There are many articles by Chinese scholars arguing that the Diaoyu Islands belong to China, especially from the historical and geographical point of view, such as How Ciyi's "Looking at the Ownership of the Diaoyu Islands and Other Islands from Several Historical Materials", Ju Deyuan's "Looking at the Sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands from the Map", Mr. Wu Tianying's "Examination of the Ownership of the Diaoyu Islands before the Sino-Japanese War", Zhang Zhirong and Zhang Qixiong's "Understanding of the Status of the "Senkaku Islands" in Japanese Official Books in the Meiji Period", Liu Jiangyong's "On the Sovereignty Ownership of the Diaoyu Islands", Du Jidong's "The Historical Situation of the Diaoyu Islands and Other Islands", Chen Yaya's "Diaoyu Dao, Another Corroboration of China's Territory", Situ Shangji's "Several Issues Concerning the Historical Geography of the Diaoyu Islands", and Ying zhan's "The Experience of Japan's Conspiracy to Steal the Diaoyu Islands" and so on. There are also studies from the perspective of East Asian peace, such as Xu Yong's Diaoyu Dao: Revisiting the Historical and Geostrategic Relations of East Asia; an analysis of the Dispute over the Diaoyu Islands between China and Japan from the perspective of international law. For example, Li Xianbo and Deng Tingting's "Looking at the Sino-Japanese Diaoyu Island Dispute from the Perspective of International Law," Wu Hui's "On the Sino-Japanese Diaoyu Island Dispute from the Perspective of International Law and Its Prospects for Settlement," Sun Chuanxiang's "On the Finality of Territorial Sovereignty:- Rethinking International Law on China's Sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands," Liu Wenzong's "On the Attributes of Sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands from Historical and Legal Grounds," Lin Lin's "On China's Indisputable Sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands from The Perspective of International Law," and Cong Jun's "The Current Situation and Prospects for Resolving the Sovereignty Dispute between the Diaoyu Islands and the South China Sea." Conduct comprehensive research on the relationship between the Diaoyu Dao issue and the dispute over maritime rights and interests in the East China Sea, such as Liu Zhongmin's "The Situation of Sino-Japanese Maritime Rights and Interests Disputes and Their Countermeasures", Zhang Liangfu's "The Chinese Government's Basic Position and Policy on the Dispute over the Sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands and the Delimitation of the East China Sea".
Research on the role played by the United States in the Diaoyu Dao issue, such as Guo Yonghu's "Historical Investigation of the 'American Factor' in the Sino-Japanese Diaoyu Island Dispute," Guo Peiqing, Zheng Ping's "Island 'Arrangement' in the U.S. East Asian Security Strategy," and other articles; research on Sino-Japanese relations and Japan's performance in strengthening control over the Diaoyu Dao includes Chen Benshan's "Japan's Political Rightward Shift and the Diaoyu Islands Issue," Li Zhao's "The Diaoyu Islands Issue and Sino-Japanese Relations," Yang Jinsen's "Diaoyu Islands Dispute and Japan's Maritime Expansion," and Yang Yueyi's "The Diaoyu Islands Dispute and Japan's Maritime Expansion." From the Perspective of the Diaoyu Island Dispute, Japan's Military Development Trend", Zhao Pingan," "The Issue of The Ownership of the Diaoyu Islands and its Impact on Sino-Japanese Relations," etc. Research on solving the diaoyu island problem. There are mainly Su Chongmin's "Thoughts on the Diaoyu Dao Issue" and Li Qingjin's "Deng Xiaoping's Thought on "Joint Development" and the Diaoyu Island Issue." In addition, there are also some specialized works, such as Ju Deyuan's magnum opus "Defense of the Sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands in Japan stealing the source of the soil", which introduces in detail and richly the historical materials and plates currently preserved in China and Japan, so as to clarify China's sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands, Zheng Hailin's "Historical and Legal Research on the Diaoyu Islands", etc.; and comprehensive research, such as Liu Jiangyong's "On the Ownership of the Sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands" Zhang Zhirong's "Commentary on the Study of the Senkaku Islands in Japan-On the Significance of Sino-Japanese Academic Exchanges and Joint Discussions", Liu Zhongmin, Liu Wenke In the past ten years, there have been many papers such as "A Review of Research on the Diaoyu Islands In China". Zhu Sumei's "The Diaoyu Island Issue and Taiwan's Fishing Campaign", Zhang Ping'er's "Diaoyu Island Storm", the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' internally issued "Diaoyu Dao Chronicle", and the 1996 State Oceanic Administration's Institute of Marine Development Strategy issued "Diaoyu Dao Issue Chronicle".
Diaoyu Islands Archipelago
Japanese scholars have written many articles questioning whether the Diaoyu Islands belong to China, such as Murata Tadao's "Dispute over the Senkaku Islands Diaoyu Islands" and Ozaki Shigeyoshi's "The Ownership of the Senkaku Islands (Part 1)". Specialized publications: Japanese scholar Kiyoshi Inoue, "Diaoyu Islands: History and Sovereignty", etc.; Review Research, Urano Kiyo, "Compilation of Research Materials on the Diaoyu Islands (Senkaku Islands)", "History of Sino-Japanese Relations between the Senkaku Islands, Ryukyu, and China", etc.
Hong Kong and Taiwan have also published several works on the Diaoyu Islands issue. "25 Years of Unfinished History and Fishing", "Defending the Diaoyu Islands", "Japan Rolled Out of the Diaoyutai", "Historical and Legal Studies on the Diaoyutai Islands", "The Age of the Storm". Ma Ying-jeou wrote "From the New Law of the Sea on the Delimitation of the Diaoyutai Islands in the East China Sea" and other works. It is worth noting that the Taiwan independence forces are gradually gaining strength, and under the influence of this climate, an undercurrent of Taiwan independence and fishing has emerged, such as Lin Tianfu's book "Research on the Ownership of the Sovereignty of diaoyutai Islands" published in Taiwan in 1990. Lee Teng-hui, on the other hand, nakedly declared that the Diaoyu Islands belonged to Japan.
Generally speaking, in recent years, the domestic academic community has made significant progress in research on the Diaoyu Dao issue, and a lot of thinking has been given to the solution to the Diaoyu Dao issue, which has provided a large historical and legal basis for China's sovereignty position on the Diaoyu Dao issue, which is conducive to China's safeguarding of the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Dao. However, it is undeniable that there are still some deficiencies in China's research on the question of who belongs to the Diaoyu Islands: on the one hand, it is necessary to further excavate relevant materials and bases in historical and geographical research; In terms of legal research, it is necessary to continue to study international law in depth and explore the legal basis for resolving the Diaoyu Dao issue, especially to pay attention to the in-depth study of the United Nations Convention on the Sea. In addition, it is necessary to attach importance to Japan's domestic position and attitude, and strengthen the study of Japanese scholars' relevant doubts about the Diaoyu Dao's belonging to China, refute its so-called "sovereignty" basis, and at the same time strengthen coordination and cooperation between the two sides of the Strait in the study of the Diaoyu Dao issue, and pay close attention to Japan's trends on the Diaoyu Dao issue.