Prediction of the occurrence trend of major diseases and insect pests of crops in the Eighth Division in 2018
First, the trend of major crop diseases and insect pests is predicted
According to the overwintering base of major crop diseases and insect pests and the comprehensive analysis of crop planting structure, farming system, meteorological forecast and combined with historical data in 2018, it is expected that the overall occurrence trend of major crop diseases and insect pests in the Eighth Division in 2018 will be moderate to moderate.
(1) Prediction of the occurrence trend of major diseases and insect pests in cotton
1. Cotton aphid: moderate occurrence is expected, and moderate partial occurrence is moderate. The area of occurrence is 1.2 million mu.
Basis: (1) 9.66 eggs on 20cm branches on the golden tree, 5.62% of flowers and aphids, 45.95 aphids per 100 plants, and a high overwintering base. (2) The convenient transportation of Tuanchang near the Wuyi Highway, the increase in greenhouses for agricultural restructuring, and the increase in the number of urban residents of Tuanchang and the planting of flowers provide favorable conditions for the propagation and spread of cotton aphids. (3) Summer climatic conditions are conducive to the propagation and spread of cotton aphids.
2. Cotton leaf mite: it is expected to occur moderately heavily, and it will occur in local areas. The area of occurrence is 1.1 million mu.
Basis: (1) The overwintering base of cotton leaf mite cotton field is 20.93 heads/square meter, and the wintering base is high. (2) The climatic conditions with slightly higher temperatures in spring and summer are conducive to the reproduction of cotton leaf mites. (3) Winter climatic conditions are more conducive to the overwintering of cotton leaf mites.
3. Cotton bollworm: it is expected to occur moderately heavily and occur in local areas. The area of occurrence is 1.8 million mu.
Basis: (1) The wintering base per square meter in 2017 is: 0.053 heads of cotton land, 0.135 heads of tomato land, 0.11 heads of corn fields, 0.14 heads of other plots; and the wintering base is high. (2) Winter climatic conditions are more conducive to the overwintering of cotton boll pupae. (3) Summer climatic conditions are conducive to the occurrence of cotton bollworms. (4) The winter irrigation area is small, which is conducive to the overwintering of cotton bollworm pupae. (5) The adjustment of the planting structure and the increase in crop types are conducive to the occurrence of cotton bollworms.
4. Smoky thrips: moderate occurrence, moderate partial occurrence in local areas. The area of occurrence is 850,000 mu.
5. Blind bugs: moderate occurrence, moderate partial occurrence in local areas. The area of occurrence is 900,000 mu.
6. Cotton tube aphid: moderately mild, moderate in local areas. Occurrence area of 300,000 acres.
7. Clover nocturnal moth: moderately mild, moderate in local areas. The area of occurrence is 300,000 mu.
8. Cotton black aphid: mild occurrence, moderate mild occurrence in local areas. The area of occurrence is 100,000 mu.
9. Cotton wilt and verticillium wilt disease: cotton blight occurs mildly, with an area of 100,000 mu; verticillium wilt occurs moderately, and some diseased fields occur moderately heavily, with an area of 400,000 mu.
10. Diseases at the seedling stage of cotton: mild occurrence, moderate mild occurrence in local areas. The area of occurrence is 200,000 mu.
(2) Prediction of the occurrence of major diseases and insect pests of grain and other crops
1. Wheat rust: moderate occurrence, moderate occurrence of some disease-induced varieties.
2. Wheat bacterial stripe disease: moderate mild occurrence, moderate occurrence of some disease-susceptible varieties.
3. Wheat powdery mildew: moderate occurrence, moderate heaviness of some disease-susceptible varieties.
4. Wheat snow rot and snow mold disease: mild occurrence.
5. Wheat-skinned thrips: moderate to mild.
6. Corn borer: moderate occurrence, moderate occurrence in local areas.
7. Corn leaf mite: moderate occurrence.
8. Double-spotted leaf beetle: Moderate occurrence in The Reclamation Area of Anjihai and Xiaye, and moderate occurrence in other regimental fields.
9. Grape downy mildew disease: moderate partial occurrence, local area occurrence.
Basis: (1) Summer climatic conditions are more conducive to the occurrence of the disease. (2) Some grape varieties have weak disease resistance.
10. Grape powdery mildew: moderate occurrence, moderate heaviness in some varieties.
11. Grape felt disease: mild occurrence, moderate mild occurrence in some plots.
12. Tomato disease: tomato premature blight, bacterial spot disease, umbilical rot, stem base rot occur moderately, and local plots occur moderately heavily. Leaf mold disease and viral disease occur moderately mildly.
13. Vegetable flower spotted insects: mild occurrence.
14. Ground tigers: mild occurrence.
15. Melon diseases: downy mildew and bacterial horn spot disease moderately heavily occurred; powdery mildew and vine blight moderately occurred.
16. White Star Flower Golden Turtle: Moderate occurrence.
17. Pear small heartworm, Li small heartworm: moderate occurrence.
(3) Prediction of the occurrence of forest pests
1. Spring inchworm: moderate occurrence, moderate heaviness in some forest belts.
Basis: Overwintering pupae 3.47 heads/m2, high overwintering base.
2. Poplar moth: mild occurrence, moderate occurrence in some new plantations.
3. Yang Mengni nocturnal moth: it is expected to occur moderately.
4. Yu qian borer: moderately mild occurrence, moderate occurrence in some areas.
5. Poplar permeable moth: moderately mild, moderate occurrence in some newly planted forests.
Second, plant protection work recommendations
According to the prediction and analysis of the main diseases and insect occurrence trends of our crops, the plant protection situation in 2018 is grim, the task is heavy, and the responsibility is large. All units should adhere to the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control". Strengthen the idea of "plant protection in success and plant protection in failure", establish the modern plant protection concept of "scientific plant protection, public plant protection, and green plant protection", vigorously promote green prevention and control technology and pesticide reduction and pest control technology, effectively strengthen the leadership of crop disease and pest control work, strengthen the professional unified prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, scientifically use pesticides, and take this year's plant protection work as the top priority of agricultural production.
1. Establish and improve the plant protection system, strengthen training, and improve the quality of the workforce.
All regiments should establish and improve plant protection institutions at the regiment level, complete plant protection professional and technical personnel, and strengthen the public welfare function of plant protection. Strengthen the investigation of crop diseases and pests and the technical training of crop diseases and pests, and use various media forms to guide employees to scientifically and rationally use pesticides to prevent and control crop diseases and insect pests. Encourage and guide farmers and workers to establish specialized cooperatives for crop disease and pest control, and implement specialized unified prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests.
2. Do a good job in the investigation of crop diseases and insect pests in early spring.
In spring, it is necessary to do a good job in investigating the occurrence of major diseases and insects, such as cotton leaf mites, cotton bollworms, aphids, wheat rust, corn borers, ground tigers, glare moths, and locusts in agricultural areas. Through the investigation, the overwintering survival of the main pests, as well as the occurrence and regional distribution of the main diseases, the key monitoring and control areas of the main pests and diseases are determined.
3. Do a good job in seed coating to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
4. Conscientiously implement the prevention and control of the source of cotton aphid overwintering insects, implement the integration of urban and rural unified prevention and control, and do a good job in exterminating aphids in greenhouses, greenhouses and indoor flowers to prevent winged aphids from migrating.
5. Grasp the agricultural control measures such as cleaning the countryside, shoveling and pupaing, reduce the overwintering base of pests, and select special pesticides to seal and control according to the survey of the beneficial and harmful ratio of weeds on the edge of the ground in early spring.
6. Do a good job in the safe use of herbicides in spring to prevent the occurrence of herbicide drug accidents.
7. Do a good job in the investigation and control of forest pests such as spring inchworm, Yang Mengni night moth and Yang poison moth in spring.
8. Strengthen the supervision and safe use of pesticides and technical training to prevent counterfeit and shoddy pesticides from harming the interests of farmers and workers; strictly prohibit the use of highly toxic pesticides explicitly prohibited by the state to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and prevent the occurrence of pesticide safety accidents.
9. Do a good job in the maintenance and placement of frequency vibration insecticidal lamps, strictly prohibit the dense placement of the ground edge, trap and kill cotton bollworms, ground tigers, clover moths, corn borers, etc. and various forest pests, reduce the use of pesticides, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.
10. Strengthen the transportation and quarantine of seeds, seedlings and flowers, strictly prevent the invasion of quarantine pest species, and conscientiously do a good job in the investigation and monitoring of quarantine pests such as potato beetles, apple beetle moths, citrus small fruit flies and grape borer fruit moths.
11. Do a good job in the maintenance of plant protection machinery and the reserve of pesticides.
Author: Zhang Xinquan, Source: Shihezi Agricultural Technology Extension Station of the Eighth Division, Graphic Editor: Tianshan Plant Protection, please indicate the source when reprinting!