If someone asks what the largest celestial body in the universe is, I would no doubt say galaxies, and ancient superheroes more than 10 billion years ago.
Super Galaxies
How big are the so-called super galaxies? The Milky Way is dozens of times larger than it is, or even hundreds of times larger, but most of these giant galaxies are from a group of ancient galaxies after the Big Bang more than 10 billion light-years away. These galaxies are the oldest matter in the universe, and even the first witnesses to witness the dawn of the universe.
Usually most of the galaxy shapes we currently find are spiral-shaped, and with the advancement of observation technology and the extension of observation distances, more and more strangely shaped special galaxies have been discovered. According to scientists, spiral galaxies account for about 77% of the total number of galaxies, elliptical galaxies account for 20%, and the remaining 3% are special galaxies.
Spirit Snake Super Giant Star System
Spirit Snake Giant Galaxy
The discovery of the Spirit Snake giant galaxy and the discovery by Japanese astronomers in 2008, about 11.8 billion light-years from Earth, the mass is equivalent to 50 times that of the Milky Way, belongs to a super large galaxy of the ancient universe period, containing about 5000 billion stars, is an irregular spherical galaxy, the galaxy's primordial nebula is rich in internal starbursts, frequent starbursts, and is believed by scientists to be formed by the merger of multiple galaxies.
The galaxy was discovered by the Alma Radio Telescope and the Astor (owned by Japan) telescope in the Atacama Desert in Chile, which can capture submillimeter-wave signals and are professional objects for observing long distances.
The spirit snake in Japanese mythology
The Discovery of the Giant Galaxy of the Spirit Snake was Igarashi, a student at the University of Tokyo in Japan, who discovered the monster by chance. After repeated conversion of the data, it was finally determined to be a very large giant galaxy, and then the location and distance were measured using the radio telescope in Mauna Kea Mountain, Hawaii, and the location, distance and shape were determined through meticulous observations, and at first the mass measurement was determined to be 100 times that of the Milky Way, and Igarashi named this monster galaxy the Spirit Snake Giant Galaxy. The spirit snake is a monster in ancient Japanese mythology, and it is the usual practice of Japanese scientists to name it.
Igarashi found a deviation in position when using the visible telescope (Subaru telescope), he thought that it may be that a dense nebula in front of the galaxy blocked the observation line of sight, the Astor telescope can use submillimeter band radio waves to pierce the cloud to find the target, at that time scientists generally believe that the spirit snake is the largest galaxy in the universe, which made Igarashi fortunate to become a young scientist who was sensational in the world at that time.
Hubble snapped images of galaxies colliding
Another scientist involved in the study of the Giant Galaxy of the Spirit Snake is julie Wardlaw, an astrophysicist at the University of Copenhagen, who observed the Spirit Snake and found that there is a small galaxy in front of the galaxy, which just blocks the observation line of sight, and this small galaxy will produce a gravitational lensing effect, affecting the actual size and luminosity value of the measuring Spirit Snake, because the gravitational lensing effect blocks the observation line of sight, distorts the surrounding space so that the light bends and enlarges the surface of the Spirit Snake, so in fact, the mass of the Spirit Snake may not be as large as the previously measured value The corrected data, though, is still surprising, with a mass equivalent to 50 times the size of the Milky Way.
After the computer optimization to remove the effects of noise, and finally the computer generated its three-dimensional model, to obtain an irregular elliptical sphere wrapped in a large amount of gas, about 5000 billion stars composed of supergroup, nebula gas rich interior star-making frequent, strong radiation waves illuminate most of the universe. But given that the early ancient stars did not have a large lifespan and usually disappeared in millions of years, it is not difficult to understand why the large amounts of nebula gas that make up the galaxy are so abundant.
Simulation of galaxy collision processes
For the mechanism of super-large galaxy formation such as the spirit snake, scientists believe that it is the result of the slow fusion of multiple galaxies in the evolution of large collisions, and usually the violent large-scale starburst phenomenon occurs when the galaxy merges, generating a large number of new stars in it, which is the reason why there are so many stars in the superstar galaxy.
Galaxy Arp 220
The Alp 220 galaxy was discovered through infrared telescopes and has 10 times as many stars as the Milky Way, about 250 million light-years away in the constellation Hydra.
Simulation of five galactic collisions
Scientists in the infrared image surprised to find that the galaxy is scattered around some stars and dots of dark bands, the composition of these dark bands just reflect the evolution of multiple galaxies in the process of large collisions, and the starburst phenomenon comes from the gas densely aggregated after the explosion, through the scientists on the computer simulation can be seen, the whole process is extremely spectacular and shocking. Scientists believe that the distribution of nebula gas in the galaxy is extremely uneven, and during the collision of the galaxies of gas nebula is swept into the central zone to become a dense region, the starburst phenomenon occurs in the middle of the dense gas region, a large number of stars formed after the formation of the conditions created.
The Alp 220 galaxy has significant starburst characteristics, several galaxies after the collision of multiple fusion, the frequency of frequent starbursts of star birth is high, and the phenomenon of multiple galaxies combined into super large galaxies is an important evidence of galaxy evolution in the universe. Typically several galaxies converge and evolve on scales spanning millions of light-years, forming superheroes over a process of about billions of years.
Picture of the evolution of two galaxies colliding
When scientists simulated the birth of the universe, they found that the space of the early universe was very small, and most of the ancient star systems experienced the phenomenon of galaxy collision and multiple fusion in a small space, forming many super large galaxies, and our Milky Way is certainly no exception. The universe was once the age of super-behemoths in the early days of its birth, when the universe was dominated by super-behemoths, and countless stars and galaxies were formed and evolved.
Peter of California Institute of Technology. Capat is a member of a large project on the universe and has been working on early universe formation and ancient megacities. He computer-stitched and processed more than 600 pictures of ancient cosmic galaxies taken by Hubble telescopes, and finally came up with a picture of galaxies throughout the ancient universe period, the most common of which are observational images and data of super-large galaxies.
Super Cosmic Wind Pictures
The super large galaxies discovered by Capat were the most distant ancient large galaxies found at that time, located 12.5 billion light-years away, obviously 700 million years before the spirit snake, these ancient behemoths are the best physical evidence to witness the dawn of the universe, the new era after the Big Bang was opened by this batch of ancient super-giant beasts, it can be seen that after the birth of the universe, they grew up in continuous collision and fusion.
Humble super galaxy
In November 2013, the news of Hubble's discovery of a super-large galaxy caused a sensation in the world, and Beimihu's discovery was the most famous discovery in astronomy in the world at that time.
The first discovery of Bemihu was made by Masayoshi Ouchi, a student at the University of Tokyo in Japan, who stumbled upon it when scanning the galaxy at the beginning of the universe's post-natal period using the Subaru Telescope on Mount Monakya in Hawaii, and then identified the existence of Beimihu with the support of subsequent data correction and a variety of observational techniques, and then the world's observation resources also turned to Beimihu's observation and research.
Beimihu super giant galaxy
Beimihu is located 13 billion light-years away, which means that it is only about 800 million years away from the Big Bang, with a diameter of 55,000 light-years, and a mass equivalent to 10 times the size of ordinary galaxies, although it is nothing compared to other larger celestial bodies, but Bemihu was determined by scientists to be the birth sign of the first galaxies after the Big Bang.
In the post-processing process of The Image of Beimihu, Masato Ouchi initially suspected his observation data or data processing errors, etc., and after a large number of corrections and repeated comparisons of the original data, it was determined that the image of this super primitive monster was presented to the world, an extremely narrow galaxy shape, dense gas containing three galactic cores, which made Ohuchi Masatoshi very excited, which was direct evidence of witnessing the fusion and growth of multiple galaxies.
Starburst phenomenon in ancient cosmic galaxies
Osutaka then invoked the Alma telescope to detect the radiation of carbon dust and other materials, but the final data did not find the phenomenon of carbon radiation, which shows that Beimihu is a super galaxy completely covered by gas, and without dust matter, it can be considered the first celestial bodies born after the origin of the universe.
For the mystery of the birth of the first generation of stars or galaxies, the appearance of dust or heavy elements is an important identification point. Richard of California Tech. Ellis is also studying Bemihu, and he believes that the Arma telescope is the best technical means to detect carbon radiation, and did not find that there is a problem of carbon radiation in Bemihu, which is not only a mystery but also shows that Bemihu is the first celestial body to form at the dawn of the universe.
The significance of the study of ancient superheroes
Simulation of galactic collisions
The discovery of ancient galaxies born at the dawn of the universe is of extraordinary value to scientists in studying the origin of the universe, and the early births of galaxies and celestial bodies have a short lifespan, and generally enter the moment of death after millions of years and then begin to be reborn. For the composition of ancient second-generation stars and galaxies, it usually has the characteristics of carbon lines, because stars will produce a large number of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and other heavy elements at the time of destruction, and various heavy elements are thrown throughout the universe by the impact of large-scale explosions, and we can still detect the radiation waves of heavy elements through observation telescopes. Therefore, heavy elements have become an important label for identifying the first generation of stars, and the same is true for those ancient super-large galaxies, just like the lack of carbon lines in Beimihu, the entire multi-galaxy multiple fusion process is in the form of gas to participate in the construction and evolution, thus witnessing the birth and evolution of the first generation of stars and galaxies at the dawn of the universe.
About 20% of the elliptical galaxies in the universe are essentially near-death matter, including some super-large galaxies, whose lifespan usually does not exceed 10 million years, and soon after birth, they enter the death phase. Unlike spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies have frequent starbursts, which is in star-making with difficulties in finding large amounts of star-making material in spiral galaxies. Most of the super-large galaxies are old stars, so it makes sense that giant galaxies are galaxies that are close to death.
Super cosmic wind
Giant galaxies in the destruction of super wind phenomenon, we know that usually massive stars in the explosion of the jet phenomenon, a large number of heavy elements of the material is thrown around, the super wind formed by the destruction of the super galaxy energy is enough to throw the material tens of thousands of light years away, in fact, the super wind will be the main factor in the fate of the giant galaxy, the power of the super wind will blow all the star-making materials throughout the galaxy throughout the universe, since then the giant galaxy has lost the opportunity to stabilize the star.
The massive collision of giant galaxies is multi-fusion not only of the universe's past tense, but also of the future. Spiral galaxies also evolve in the phenomenon of large collisions and multiple fusions, but this process is extremely distant and long for us, and it is impossible to witness the data observed at a certain time. However, through the simulated evolution process of the computer, we can feel the very vivid collision fusion construction process, scientists through the computer simulation rehearsal, our Milky Way and the distance of 23 million light years and Andromeda is approaching each other at a speed of 400,000 kilometers per hour, which stems from the conclusion of scientists' accurate observation of Andromeda. The collision time is predicted to be after 4 billion, that is, after 40 years, the two galaxies of the Milky Way and Andromeda will have a big collision, and the fusion evolution process of the big collision will last for 3 billion years, and it is expected that after 7 billion years, the Milky Way and Andromeda will completely fuse to form a super large galaxy.
Picture of Andromeda colliding with the Milky Way
As for the naming of this super galaxy, you are welcome to give it a nice name!