In September 1947, the War of Liberation entered a critical stage, and the various units of the People's Liberation Army began to fight fiercely and prepare for a major decisive battle with the Kuomintang army.
However, at this very moment, Chairman Mao suddenly proposed that a "new-style army reorganization movement" should be launched throughout the army.
It turned out that after the liberation war began, some very bad phenomena appeared in the various units of the People's Liberation Army, such as not paying attention to the work of the masses, wasting people's strength, and robbing materials, which caused a very bad impact among the masses.
In this regard, Mr. Zhu once said sternly: "Many of the troops are Red Army soldiers, they are from the Red Army, but the smell of the Red Army on their bodies has been completely wiped out by themselves!" There are few attentions to the three major disciplines and eight attentions, and I think we must pay close attention to and re-establish the fine tradition of the three major disciplines and eight attentions! ”
Chairman Mao knows very well that the reason why our army has been able to grow from weak to strong and gradually develop and grow depends on blending in with the masses, and the so-called "unity of the soldiers and the people as one person, asking who can be the enemy in the world." Therefore, in the crucial period of the war of liberation, it is necessary to first straighten out the discipline and work style of the troops before we can really fight the war of liberation.
It was against this background that Chairman Mao proposed the "army reorganization movement."
Chairman Mao, after promulgating the "Outline of China's Land Law (Draft)" at the National Land Conference held in 1947, put forward a demand to all the officers and men of the army: "The army needs to rectify it ideologically and organizationally, and it needs a campaign to check classes, ideologies, and work styles, so that the army can support land reform ideologically and be pure and strict in organization. ”
After the meeting, Chairman Mao also distributed the specific methods of the idea of reorganizing the army to the whole army, which mainly included two contents and three forms. First of all, let's talk about the two contents of the whole army, namely "three investigations and three rectifications" and "three complaints."
"Three investigations and three rectifications" refers to checking classes, checking work, and checking fighting spirit; straightening out organization, straightening out thinking, and straightening out work style.
The "three investigations" are mainly aimed at the investigation of the class composition of individuals, such as personal thought, personal fighting spirit, personal class, and so on, and it is also necessary to criticize these three points, put forward progressive methods, and also carry out self-criticism actions, sort out their own deficiencies, and abandon bad ideas.
The "three rectifications" are a "major review" aimed at the troops, examining whether the troops' thinking is firm, whether the discipline of the troops is in place, and whether the troops' work style is clean.
The "three grievances" are to let the PLA soldiers learn more about the criminal acts of the Kuomintang reactionaries through the "suffering", improve their ideological consciousness, and enhance their sense of class crisis.
The "three grievances" are divided into three steps: inducing suffering, complaining, and ridiculing the root of suffering. "Causing suffering" is through the guidance of the leaders of the troops, so that all soldiers can remember the hardships in their hearts, and then begin to "complain", telling the tragic deeds they have experienced and seen, thus triggering everyone to complain independently.
In addition, after the "complaint", there is also the "root of ridicule", which is to let the soldiers clearly know: "Why do they suffer?" It is because everyone is in a class that is suffering, all being exploited. If we want to stop suffering, we must stand up and unite with all the suffering toiling masses, overthrow the exploiters, and take charge of our own affairs. This not only enhances the ideological consciousness of the soldiers to the class, but also enhances the unity and cohesion of the soldiers.
Most of the fighters at that time were from poor families, and everyone had a bloody account in their hearts, which recorded the reactionary deeds of the Kuomintang reactionaries, so when everyone finished complaining, they would become the same hatred and intimacy, and the pain of one person would become the pain of everyone, the pain of class, and finally condensed into class hatred.
At the same time as carrying out the "three investigations and three rectifications" and "three grievances," Chairman Mao also arranged three forms: "grievance meetings," "literary and artistic performances," and "newspapers and periodicals" to assist the new-style reorganization of the army.
At the grievance meeting, the troops will select a person who has a deep bitter vendetta and has a good ability to express his grievances on the stage; at the same time, the troops will also decorate the scene of the "grievance meeting." According to the records, at the grievance meeting of the 6th Company of a certain unit in Jinchaji, in order to let the soldiers feel the pain of the complainers more clearly, a garland and the spirit card of the victim's relatives were specially placed on the platform for complaining, and a pair of "spitting bitter water to remember the old vendetta and expressing one's determination not to forget the new hatred" was hung on both sides There are various slogans such as "Redress of Grievances, Blood Debts and Blood Payments".
These arrangements and slogans have been of great help in the grievance meeting.
Although the effect of the grievance meeting is very good, but not everyone is applicable, for example, the team that surrendered to the uprising is not very interested in the grievance meeting, so Chairman Mao asked the cultural and labor troupe to go to the army to perform theatrical performances, and the plays often performed include "The White-Haired Girl", "Blood and Tears Vengeance", "Blind Old Mother", and so on.
For example, Chairman Mao personally reviewed and revised the "Report on the Experience of The Three Columns of Liaodong Province's Complaint and Education" to the whole army, so that soldiers could read and study.
After nearly a year of "three investigations and three rectifications" and "three complaints," the appearance of the troops has been greatly improved, and Chairman Mao has often praised everyone in private: "After the new-style reorganization of the army, the purity of the troops has been enhanced, discipline has been straightened out, and the combat effectiveness and discipline have been greatly enhanced, and such an army will be invincible to the world." ”
At the same time, through these activities, the soldiers also truly understood the meaning of "the people's children and soldiers", knew that they were fighting for the masses of the people, and that they were fighting to protect their own class from being oppressed!
It was through this "new-style army reorganization movement" that the combat effectiveness of the Platon Army was greatly enhanced, and it was invincible in the subsequent liberation war, achieving one great victory after another, and finally establishing a brand-new China!
(References: Mao Zedong Studies, People's Liberation Army Daily, Yanhuang Chunqiu)