There are many varieties of vegetable pests in the protected area, and the first occurrence of annual attacks are important stinging pests such as whiteflies, thrips, pest mites and aphids, which overlap generations, have large insect quantities, high resistance and heavy damage, and failure to adopt prevention and control measures can lead to severe losses and even extinctions; Occasionally, there are lepidoptera pests such as small cabbage moths, cotton bollworms, beet nocturnal moths, and twill moths. The cultivation environment of the protected area is closed, the degradation of chemical pesticides is difficult, and the pollution is severe. The use of biological control skills is an effective way to replace the use of chemical pesticides, ensure the quality and safety of vegetables, and promote green plant protection. In order to do a good job in prevention and control operations, this plan is specially formulated.
1. Prevention and control objectives
The control and disposal rate of important pests of vegetables in protected areas is more than 95%, the overall control effect of pests is more than 80%, the damage loss rate is controlled within 10%, and the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 50% compared with the conventional control methods to ensure vegetable production and product safety.
Second, prevention and control strategies
In view of the characteristics of the occurrence of vegetable pests in protected areas, the strategy of "real-time monitoring, early prevention, pre-control and multi-strategy" is adopted, based on the skills of reducing the base number of insect sources such as health training, physical barrier and ecological manipulation, and the release of natural enemy insects and the use of biopesticides as the primary means to control the loss of pests below the level of economic damage.
3. Scope of application
This solution is suitable for the temperature and humidity, light, ventilation and tightness of the equipment in the equipment to control the vegetable pest control of the equipment with excellent protection area.
Fourth, the primary biological control skills
(1) Insect source base control and health cultivation skills
1． Cleaning the shed: After the harvest of the former stubble crops, pull the seedlings and clear the shed in time, completely remove the stumps, fallen leaves, bare roots, etc., and set them deeply buried outside the shed or fertilized.
2． Soil disinfection: soil disinfectant is evenly and appropriately applied before colonization to kill pathogens, and beneficial bacterial fertilizer is added after treatment.
3． Install insect nets: Set up buffer rooms next to the shed, install 60 mesh insect nets at the entrance and entrance and upper and lower vents to block the invasion of pests.
4． Shed disinfection: After covering the insect net, the closed fumigation or agent is evenly sprayed on the wall, shed film, buffer room 1-2 times, and sown or transplanted after 10-15 days. During the summer closure, the high temperature of the shed is used for 7-15 days.
5． Cultivation of functional plants: cultivating sesame seeds, alfalfa and other honey source plants that are conducive to the breeding of natural enemy insects in the open space between sheds; In front of the vent in the shed, celery, fennel and other avoidant plants that have a repellent effect on pests are cultivated; Or selectively intercropping beans and other enticing plants for pest aggregation elimination.
6. Healthy culture: increase the application of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer; Transplanting of robust seedlings without pests and diseases; Reasonable fertilizer water, reasonable dense planting and yield load; Ground lamination controls humidity; Amino oligosaccharides, protein immuno-inducing agents, etc. are applied to improve the resistance of plants to diseases and insects.
(2) Natural enemy insect release skills
1． Pest monitoring: at the seedling stage and after colonization, the color plate is used to monitor or visually monitor the attack of the pest population, and the corresponding control methods are adopted when the pest is found.
2． Explanatory skills
(1) Control of whitefly pests
Pest species: greenhouse whitefly, whitefly, etc.
Predator species: Radix wasp, paddle horned aphid wasp, East Asian flower bug, blind bug predator.
Release skills: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Natural enemies of aphid bees (aphid wasps, paddle horned aphid bees) are released once every 7-10 days at 2000 heads/mu, and 3-5 times in succession; Small flower bug predators are released once every 7-10 days according to 500 heads/mu, and 2-4 times in succession; Blind bug predators are released in seedbeds according to 0.5-1 head/m2 15-20 days before colonization, and are released once; Or after 15 days of colonization, according to 1-2 heads / m2 to release blind bug predators, 2-3 times in succession, once every 7 days.
(2) Control of thrips pests
Pest varieties: palm thrips, westflower thrips, shallot thrips, tube thrips, etc.
Natural enemy species: small flower bug natural enemy, cucumber new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.
Release skills: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Small flower bug predators are released at 300-400 heads/mu, every 7-10 days, and 2-4 times in succession; Cucumber new small mite or pasteurized new small mite is released once at 5-10 heads/plant, and then released again after 20 days according to 20-30 heads/plant.
(3) Prevention and control of pest mites
Cultivars: cinnabar leaf mite, truncated leaf mite, diplodocal leaf mite, etc.
Natural enemy species: Chilean small plant mite, California new small mite, cucumber new small mite, pasteurized new small mite.
Release skills: After 10-15 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and release predator mites when pest mites are found. Chilean small plant mites are released at 3000 heads/mu, every 15-20 days, and 2-3 times in succession; California new small mite according to 10,000-20,000 heads / mu, a period of 15 days after the release; Cucumber new small pig mite or pasteurized new small pig mite according to 5000-10000 head / mu, after 25-30 days of 20000-30000 head / mu release once.
(4) Control of aphid pests
Pest varieties: peach aphid, melon aphid, pea aphid, radish aphid.
Predator species: Aphid cocoon bees, ladybirds, grasshoppers, aphid-eating paralysis mosquitoes.
Release skills: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Aphid cocoon wasps are released once every 7-10 days according to 2000-4000 heads/mu, and 3 times in succession; Ladybirds (eggs) are released once every 7-10 days according to 1000 heads/mu, and 2-3 times in succession; Grasshoppers (cocoons) are released at 300-500 heads/mu, every 7-10 days, and 2-3 times in succession; Aphid-eating mosquitoes are released once every 7-10 days according to 200-300 heads/mu, and 3-4 consecutive releases.
(5) Control of Lepidoptera pests
Pest species: cabbage moth, beet moth, cotton bollworm, twill moth, etc.
Predator species: red-eyed bees, flying bugs, semi-closed-tailed wasps.
Release skills: After 7-10 days of colonization, strengthen monitoring, and find pests to release natural enemies. Red-eyed bees are released once every 5-7 days according to 5000-10000 heads/mu, and 2-3 consecutive times; Cockroaches are released 50-100 heads/mu, or every 5-7 days, and 1-2 times in succession; Semi-closed curved tail bees are released once every 10-20 days at 150-300 heads/mu, and 1-3 times in succession.
(3) Biopesticide prevention and control skills
Biopesticide control skills are used as a compensation for the release skills of natural enemies of insects, and are used when the number of pest attacks in protected areas is high, the number of insect mouths needs to be quickly depressed to release natural enemies, or the manipulation of natural enemies is lacking. Before use, it is necessary to determine the compatibility of biopesticides with natural enemies and reduce their impact on natural enemies.
Usually administered at the onset or early stage of pest spotting, preferably microbial or plant-based insecticides, acaricides. Whitefly can choose to use wax tick rotifer fungus, coccidioids albicans, mineral oil, polybactericides and other agents; Pesticides can choose mineral oil, liuyangmycin, veratine and other agents; Aphids can choose quinoa alkali, rotenone, pyrethroids, matrine and other agents; Thrips can choose to use agents such as polybactericides; Lepidoptera pests can choose bt., bacillus breve and polyxel virus preparations.