In the ingredient list of the full ingredient label, the ingredient names should be arranged from more to less, and the higher the ranking, the greater the proportion of this ingredient in the cosmetics.
For example, water is the most commonly used medium in cosmetics and in many cases the most abundant ingredient, so it is generally at the top of the ingredient list (such as the foundation in the figure below).
Therefore, the order of ingredient ranking does not represent their importance, such as water and some other substances such as glycerin, butylene glycol, etc., is a commonly used solvent, their role in addition to basic moisturizing, more role is to help dissolve the active ingredients in cosmetics, help the active ingredients contact our skin or hair, play a role. Many active ingredients are not as high as water, and the ingredient list ranks after water, but they are an important factor in the effect of cosmetics.
In addition, in the all-ingredient label, the ingredients with an amount of less than or equal to 1% are placed after the ingredients with an amount greater than 1%, and are not arranged in order. Therefore, in the full ingredient list, there may not be a relationship between the last few ingredients.
It is also worth noting that flavors and fragrances are uniformly labeled in the full composition list with flavors, and pigments are marked by the number of colorants or the name of the Chinese.
What do the various names in the ingredient list do? Here's a simple example~
1. Vitamins
In the cosmetics all-ingredient label, all vitamins are uniformly marked by chemical names. The table below describes the chemical names and roles of several common vitamins.
2. Salicylic acid
A class of ingredients widely used in skin care products and even hair care products. Ingredients containing the three words "salicylic acid" can appear in many cosmetics. Salicylic acid has many effects, in skin care products, salicylic acid mainly plays a role in helping to remove exfoliation, control acne, fade pigment spots, reduce pores, remove fine wrinkles and improve aging caused by sun exposure.
Salicylic acid has weak acidity and has a certain irritation, so the national regulations have clear provisions on the content of salicylic acid in cosmetics, and the content in skin care products shall not be higher than 2%, within this range, the powerful skin care effect of salicylic acid can be safely and effectively exerted.
3. Caffeine
The caffeine used in cosmetics is not the same as the coffee we usually drink, because it does not enter the bloodstream through absorption, so it will not produce the same feeling of excitement as drinking coffee, and it will not be "addictive". Caffeine in skin care products works primarily through antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and regulating the skin's moisture circulation.
Caffeine-containing eye creams are generally advertised as having an anti-puffiness effect.
4. Ceramides
Ceramides are a natural component of the stratum corneum of our skin's epidermis, and are used in cosmetics to moisturize, maintain the skin barrier and fight aging.
Ceramides, as a naturally occurring ingredient in the epidermal interstitium, are added to skin care products to mimic the composition of the epidermis as much as possible along with other ingredients.
5. Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring filler in the skin, plays a role in moisturizing, repairing and nourishing the skin, when the ambient humidity is relatively low, topical hyaluronic acid can absorb moisture from the environment "locked" on the epidermis; at the same time, a small part of hyaluronic acid penetrates into the dermis, which can absorb moisture from the dermis and transmit it to the epidermis, achieving a moisturizing effect of "from the inside out".
Compared with other common moisturizers, such as propylene glycol, glycerin, urea, etc., hyaluronic acid has a slightly better moisturizing effect, and most hyaluronic acid preparations are non-greasy, and can immediately form a film on the surface of the skin after use, making the skin smooth and moisturized, so it is widely used in various cosmetics.
6. Talinic acid, niacinamide, arbutin... All kinds of whitening ingredients
We have previously had a whitening article in detail, here is only a summary of the table:
7. Alcohol
Alcohol quickly evaporates on the surface of the skin to create a cooling sensation. Widely used as a solvent in products such as water and emulsions, it has proven to be safe and suitable.
A few years ago, the snow muscle essence lotion that was very popular, many people bought it for whitening, and the alcohol taste was also big.
However, because the penetration of alcohol is very strong, it may cause irritation for girls with dry skin and sensitive skin, in which case alcohol-free products can be selected. For girls who are mixed with oil skin and oil skin, alcohol can help remove the oil on the surface of the skin and feel more refreshing.
Common hair care ingredients include ingredients that help soften hair, such as dimethicone, quaternary ammonium salts, glycerin, etc., and ingredients that help remove dandruff, such as zinc pyrithione. For more information on how different hair types choose skincare products, check here.
1. Quaternary ammonium salts
It is one of the most commonly used hair care ingredients, because of its positive charge, good affinity for hair, antistatic effect and anti-winding performance, can improve the dry, wet combing performance of hair, maintain the luster, elasticity and curl of hair.
2. Silicone oil
It is a commonly used hair care ingredient, which has the characteristics of extremely low surface tension, which can evenly cover the surface of the hair to effectively reduce the friction between the hair strands and between the hair and the comb, thereby improving the dry and wet comb performance of the hair, and can also give the hair a soft, smooth feel and increase the luster of the hair.
As for whether silicone oil will cause hair loss? The answer is no. However, if you feel that your hair is greasy and not refreshing enough, you can choose a shampoo product without silicone oil.
The shampoo I've been using lately, silicone-free, I prefer the cool feeling after applying to the scalp.
3. Ceramides
Naturally occurring in the hair scales of hair. The use of ceramides in hair care products can enhance the adhesion between hair scales, reduce the loss of water-soluble proteins inside the hair and hair damage caused by ultraviolet rays, etc., while it can modify the hair surface, increase the hydrophobicity of the hair, and bring a significantly different smooth feeling to the hair.
4. Salicylic acid
In hair care products, it mainly plays a role in dandruff.
Neuder Clear's anti-dandruff shampoo with salicylic acid in it.
5. Zinc pyrithione
Also known as zpt, as a long-established anti-dandruff agent, it is widely known in the shampoo industry and is used by many anti-dandruff products.
6. Vitamins
Common is provitamin B5, known as panthenol. It has the effect of softening hair and making it smoother, and other vitamin e (tocopherol), which has a good moisturizing effect.
Cleanliness is a big class of cosmetics. The main role is surfactant. Good cleansing can maintain healthy skin and hair. A good cleanser needs to have excellent cleansing effect and a certain pH, ensuring thorough cleansing while maintaining the normal pH of the skin and hair.
As shown in the figure is the structure of the surfactant, with an oleophilic group and a hydrophilic group.
The washing process is shown in the following figure:
As for the soap-based, amino acid, surfactant cleansing products you care about, how to choose? How do I wash my face to wash it? We have the article Oh: Wash your face that little thing, how much do you know? Here's a simple summary:
Sunscreen
The impact of ultraviolet rays on the skin is obvious, in addition to tanning and sunburning the skin, it is also the "culprit" of 80% of external aging, and even causes cancer of the skin. Therefore, the importance of sun protection to the health and beauty of our human body is self-evident.
Our protection against ultraviolet rays mainly includes the protection of UVA and UVB, here are some common components of ultraviolet protection: (It doesn't matter if you can't remember, non-professionals can't remember)
uva protection:
• Butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane: avobenzone
• Disodium phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate: neo heliopan ap
• Diethylaminohydrobenzoylbenzoate hexyl: uvinul a plus
• Terephthalimethylenedioccin sulfonic acid: mexoryl sx
• Methyl o-aminobenzoate: meradimate
UVB protection:
• Ethylhexyltriazineone: uvinul t 150
• Humosalate: homosalate
• 4-Methylbenzyl camphor: enzacamene
• Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: omc, octinoxate
• Ethylhexyl salicylate: octisalate
• Dimethyl paba ethylhexyl ester: padimate o
• Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid: ensulizole
• Polysiloxane-15: parsol slx
uva + uvb protection:
• Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine: tinosorb s
• Benzophenone-3: oxybenzone
• Benzophenone-4: sulisobenzone
• Cresol trazole trisiloxane: mexoryl xl
• Methylenebis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol: tinosorb m
• OakLine: Octocrylene
• Titanium dioxide
• Zinc oxide
We have talked a lot about sun protection before, reply to "sunscreen" can be seen!
1. Fragrance
In order to increase the pleasant experience during use and avoid the unpleasant odor of some raw materials, some flavors are added to cosmetics.
For most people, the fragrance in cosmetics does not cause allergies and hazards. However, it is true that a small number of people will have allergies, just as some people will be allergic to certain foods, caused by individual differences.
For these people, there are two choices: one is to use products without fragrance, and now there are many products that are fragrance- and pigment-free, relatively speaking, the sensitization factor will be lower; the other is to try it after the ear before use, and then continue to use it after 48 hours. If you have any skin allergies, you need to stop using this product and go to the dermatology department of the hospital in time.
Note: The flavors and fragrances in cosmetics are not marked with specific names, and are usually marked with "flavors".
2. Colorants
In order to achieve the purpose of beautifying and modifying the human body, or in order to increase the attractiveness of the product and strengthen the consumer's use feeling, a certain amount of colorant is usually added to cosmetics.
According to the Cosmetic Hygiene Code, 156 colorants are allowed to be added to cosmetics. Some of these colorants are also commonly used in food as food coloring. At the same time, the specification also limits the scope of use of various colorants, including various cosmetics, cosmetics other than eye cosmetics, cosmetics dedicated to non-contact with mucous membranes, cosmetics dedicated to only temporary contact with the skin, and each colorant also has a limited concentration. Therefore, in the various cosmetics produced in accordance with the "Cosmetic Hygiene Code", the pigment is not harmful to the vast majority of people and does not lead to sensitivity.