Millet has a high nutritional value, its protein, vitamins, fat content are higher than flour, rice, one of the main grains of the people in northern China.
In recent years, in Qitai County Dongwan Town, Jibuku Town, Biliuhe West Gobi Village have planted different varieties of millet, at present, in order to promote the development of grain and oil production in Qitai County to high quality, high yield, high efficiency and safety, to ensure food security and farmers' income, to achieve sustainable development of grain and oil production, millet because of its greater economic value and more and more attention, in order to improve millet production, promote farmers to increase income, I now qitai County in recent years millet planting technology experience summarized as follows:
1 Choose a good variety
According to the climate, altitude, soil quality and other factors in Qitai County, select excellent varieties of high quality, high yield and stable yield, and for plots with poor irrigation conditions and low organic matter content, we must choose varieties with strong drought resistance, and for plots with good irrigation conditions, we must choose good varieties with great potential for increasing production. In 2018, about 186.67 hm2 of millet was planted in Dongwan Town, Jibuku Town and Biliuhe West Gobi Village in Qitai County, and the varieties were Maomaogu No. 5, Changxianggu, Yugu and other varieties.
2 Land preparation
2.1 Site Selection
The plot should be selected for flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose and fertile, convenient drainage and irrigation of the plot, millet should not be stubble, stubble is suitable for millet harvest.
2.2 Fertilize the land
Deep ploughing can improve the soil structure, enhance the ability to retain water, in the autumn land preparation process to do a good job of deep ploughing, moisture preservation work, add deep ploughing layer, generally more than 25 cm, conducive to millet root system under the root system, in order to ensure the millet germination of seedlings needed water. Foot fertilizer, mainly farm manure, combined with deep ploughing to fertilize 2 500 kg/mu is appropriate. The period with the greatest effect of topdressing and increasing yield is the pregnant panicle stage of about 20 days before panicle extraction, and nitrogen fertilizer is about 20 kg/mu. In the gestational panicle stage, potassium fertilizer should also be applied, 5 to 10 kg/mu, and the seedlings should be fertilized to ensure that the seeds are full.
3 Sowing
3.1 Select the broadcast period
Qitai County is generally suitable for sowing in mid-May, and sowing at the right time is one of the important measures to ensure high and stable millet production.
3.2 Seed treatment
The selection of good seeds is used for seed treatment before sowing, and the treatment methods include sunning seeds, soaking seeds, medicinal seeds and seed coating, etc., and medicinal seeds can prevent smut disease and underground pests.
3.3 Sowing
The sowing methods are furrow sowing, flat cropping and ridge cropping. Ditch sowing is more used on dry slopes, and the advantages are water retention, fertilizer retention and soil retention. The sowing amount is generally 1~1.5 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 4~7 cm. The seedlings left in dryland are generally between 25,000 and 45,000 plants/mu, ensuring that the seedlings are strong and strong, laying a solid foundation for stable yield and high yield.
4 Field management
4.1 Pre-management
Millet in the water and fertilizer conditions are good, seedling growth is strong, the factor grain is small, the seed contains not much energy substance, Qitai climate is relatively arid, easy to cause field lack of seedlings, so to strengthen field management, generally in the emergence of 2 to 3 leaves when the seedlings to check the seedling replanting, 5 to 6 pieces of intermittent seedlings, no weak seedlings, dead seedlings.
4.2 Fertilizer water management
Pre-sowing irrigation is conducive to whole seedlings, no irrigation at the seedling stage, irrigation at the jointing stage can promote plant growth and panicle differentiation, irrigation at the pregnant panicle and panicle extraction stage is conducive to panicle extraction and panicle development, and irrigation at the mature stage of filling is conducive to grain formation. The number of irrigation is determined according to the climatic conditions and soil moisture conditions of the year, and the irrigation methods are mainly furrow irrigation and ditch irrigation. Millet is afraid of waterlogging in the later stages of growth, and it is necessary to avoid surface water when watering. Nitrogen fertilizer application should be controlled in the later stages of growth to prevent stems and leaves from growing wildly and ripening late, and at the same time beware of grain lodging.
4.3 Weeding in medium tillage
Medium tillage and weeding can create good environmental conditions for the development of millet; medium tillage combined with topdressing and watering in the jointing stage is used for shallow cultivation of millet soil, and the depth of medium tillage is 7 to 10 cm; medium tillage combined with weeding and weeding in the pregnant ear stage is used for high cultivation of soil, and the depth of medium tillage is about 5 cm. The grain field mainly includes weeds such as grain weeds, dogtail grass, amaranth, etc., and its prevention and control is mainly based on autumn and winter ploughing and crop rotation.
4.4 Pest control
Select disease-resistant varieties, qitai county suitable varieties are Maomaogu No. 5, Changxiang Valley, Yugu and so on. According to the seed weight of 2.5%, the seed coating agent coating, the control of millet gray borer, millet concave shin jumping beetle, golden needle worm, scorpion, ground tiger, grub.
Seedling stage; mainly control millet heartworms, with enemy insect control, after seedlings, in order to prevent the harm of red spiders, take acaricide spray control. In case of continuous rainy days, the humidity in the field is large, and paralytic spray control should be used for parathrin insecticides.
During the growth period, it is necessary to prevent and control armyworms, soil locusts and corn borers in time, pay attention to the prevention and control of red spiders during drought, and in the later stage, it is rainy and high humidity, and rust should be prevented and controlled in time.
5 Harvest
Millet harvest early reduces yield, late harvest birds eat or wind blows off the grain affects the yield. It is best harvested at the end of the ripening or late ripening period, when the millet particles are full, the water content is low, the quality is good, and the yield is high. The general yield of millet in Qitai County is 350~400 kg/mu.
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