Hello everyone! Welcome to the Shaanxi History Museum. I am in this Shaanxi calendar
Xiao Zhao, the tour guide of the History Museum Scenic Area, I am honored to accompany you on the tour, and I will explain the Shaanxi History Museum Scenic Area to you.
The Shaanxi History Museum was officially completed and opened to the public on June 20, 1991. It is currently the largest and most advanced national history museum in China. It covers an area of about 70,000 square meters, with a construction area of 56,000 square meters and an area of 11,000 square meters for exhibitions. The museum was built in accordance with the will of Premier Zhou Enlai.
The Shaanxi History Museum has a collection of 370,000 cultural relics, and as many as 3,000 cultural relics are on display, which are divided into prehistoric, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei and Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Shaanxi after the Tang Dynasty, which systematically shows the development process of Shaanxi from the Lantian Ape Man to the Opium War, and highlights the prosperity of feudal societies such as Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang and the important position of Shaanxi in Chinese history.
First we came to the preamble hall. The preface here has no text, only a stone lion and a masterpiece: everyone now sees this giant lion in the center of the hall, which was originally located in front of the Shun Mausoleum of Yang Shi, the mother of Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty. We can see that it is exquisitely carved and majestic, and can be called the "first lion of the East". The art of the ancient Chinese lion and the stone lion was imported from Afghanistan. Therefore, this stone lion is not only a reflection of Shaanxi's history and culture, but also a product of the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures. What is shown to us later is the most spectacular part of the roaring Yellow River, the Hukou Waterfall, which symbolizes the profundity and longevity of Shaanxi's history and culture.
The first passage in shaanxi's ancient history is the prehistoric period, which ranges from about 1.15 million years ago to the 21st century BC. The first thing you see during this period is the head of the Lantian Ape Man. She was discovered in 1964 in Gongwangling, Lantian County, and was a woman in her 30s. The Lantian Ape Man dates back about 1.15 million years and is the earliest known Homo erectus in northern Asia. The next discovery is the Dali people in Shaanxi, which is the oldest and most complete human skull fossil found in China. In the process of continuous development, human beings entered the Neolithic Age. Yangshao culture is a stage of development represented by the Neolithic period, and it is also a prosperous stage in the matrilineal clan commune period. The pottery of this period, the pointed bottom bottle, was a very practical water extraction vessel. Because a large number of faience pottery has been found in the remains of Yangshao culture, it is called "faience culture." Later, with the development of social economy, men replaced women and occupied a dominant position in society, and people soon entered the period of patriarchal society. In the later period, Chinese history entered a slave society.
Below we are looking at the second phase , the week. The Zhou Dynasty actually went through three different stages of development: the Zhou people, the Zhou Fangguo, and the Western Zhou Dynasty. The earliest chinese formed script is the oracle bone, and the Bu bone of zhou is shown here. This period is also known as the Bronze Age. Bronze refers to the alloy of copper and tin, named after the color cyanite. Later, with the strengthening of the ritual music system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Ding Gui gradually became a symbol of power and rank, and at that time there were "Tianzi Nine Ding Eight Gui, Princes Seven Ding Six Gui, Qing Dafu Five Ding Four Gui" If you trespass, you will be severely punished. This Piece of Duoyouding is a national treasure-level cultural relic, and its internal inscription has reached 278 characters, which is the largest number of inscriptions found in Shaanxi since the founding of the country. It records the casting of "gratitude" that rewarded the victory of the general Duoyou during the Zhou Li King's reign against the foxes.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, King Zhuang of Chu, one of the five hegemons, sent envoys to inquire about the size and weight of jiuding in the Zhou Dynasty, and after that, "winning the ding" became synonymous with attempts to usurp power. What we now call idioms such as "chasing deer in the Central Plains", "whose hand dies", "who dares to come to the top" and so on are all related to this cultural relic. Ding, generally can be divided into dome and square top. The dome is generally a bulging belly, amphora, three feet, the whole shape gives people a stable, mighty feeling. Therefore, people use lion-breasted tiger feet to describe it . The idiom "big name" and "three-legged standing" reflect its styling characteristics from the other side.
By 221 B.C., the first emperor in Chinese history, the Qin Emperor Yingzheng, had "swept the world away" and established a unified centralized feudal state. After Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, in order to maintain his rule, he adopted a series of measures to unify writing, currency, laws, rails, and weights and measures throughout the country. The currency we see now is the prevailing currency after the unification of the Six Kingdoms of Qin--Qin and Half-two. These currencies are the currencies of the first six countries of the Unification. The lack of monetary unity greatly hinders the development of the economy. Thus, the half two dollars with a square hole and a circle came into being. The ancients spoke of "heavenly round places", so the Qin half-two were accepted by the feudal rulers for more than two thousand years and remained until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
Although Qin Shi Huang was known as the "Emperor of The Ages", he was also a famous tyrant in history, and his brutal rule finally provoked people's resistance. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the uprising. The following four years of "Chu-Han rivalry" overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty. In 202 BC, Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang ascended the throne, and the Han Dynasty officially entered the historical stage.
The Han Dynasty was a very important historical dynasty, and its various developments laid the foundation for the development of subsequent dynasties in Chinese history and exerted a far-reaching impact. The Han nationality, which constitutes the main body of the Chinese nation, was also formally formed at this time, and the Chinese square characters were also called "Chinese characters" from this period onwards. This is a crystal clear jade seal is a national treasure-level cultural relic, the Queen's Seal, the texture is Tian Mutton fat jade, there are tiger-shaped buttons on it, surrounded by cloud patterns, may be the seal used by Lü Hou before his death. There is also a national treasure-level cultural relic, a gilded gold and silver bamboo knot copper lavender furnace, a special Nine Dragon incense burner, unearthed in Maoling, which is speculated to be a royal artifact given by Emperor Wu of Han to his sister Princess Yangxin and her husband Wei Qing. Now please take a look at this schematic diagram of the "Silk Road". It has provided favorable conditions for cultural exchanges and trade between the East and the West. The world-famous Silk Road connecting Eurasia was opened by Zhang Qian during the western Han Wudi period. After the fall of the Han Dynasty, China's history entered the wei and Jin dynasties. This period of regime change and frequent wars can be said to be a period of great national integration in Chinese history and Shaanxi history. This is a solitary letter polyhedral coal essence group seal, a total of 26 faces, of which 14 have prints on the surface. Its owner, Dugu Xin, was one of the Eight Pillar States of Western Wei, a high-ranking figure of the Xianbei clan. Not only did he hold several positions himself, but his daughter was also very famous. His three daughters were married to Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou, Emperor Yang Jian of Sui, and Li Bing, father of Emperor Gaozu of Tang, Li Yuan, and li bing, thus being known as "the first elder brother-in-law in ancient China".
By 581, the Northern Zhou general Yang Jian established the Sui Dynasty. In 618, Li Yuan, who remained in Taiyuan, rebelled against the Sui, seized power, and established the Tang Dynasty. The Sui and Tang dynasties were the heyday of China's feudal society and the golden age of Shaanxi's history and culture, and modern overseas Chinese call themselves "Tang people," and the place where they live is called "Chinatown," reflecting the influence of the Tang Dynasty on future generations. Both the Sui and Tang dynasties made Chang'an their capital. It was called Daxing City in the Sui Dynasty and Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty. Sui Daxing City was designed and built by ethnic minority architect Yuwen Kai. Tang Chang'an City was further repaired and perfected on the basis of Sui Daxing City.
After the Tang Dynasty, China's political center moved eastward, and Shaanxi lost its status as a capital city, but the great inertia formed by the splendid culture of the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang Dynasties enabled Shaanxi's economy and culture to maintain a certain momentum of development. Therefore, in the exhibition halls of the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties, there are still many exquisite cultural relics.
The introduction of the Shaanxi History Museum will be here for everyone, and now everyone can freely visit it, return here according to the planned time, and wish everyone a pleasant time.