In the history of human anti-fascism, Shenyang is a famous heroic city. She suffered the earliest, the most deeply, and the most intense resistance, and the "918" incident was the first shot fired by the Chinese nation in the 14-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
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A video recording of Zhang Xueliang's speech on the September 18 Incident
Shenyang, as the former imperial capital, as a famous city in Northeast Asia, whether it is political status, economic status, military status, she is China's top priority. Thus, since toyotomi Hideyoshi's "mainland policy" of intent to annex China, Shenyang has been an important target of choice for the Japanese government, both in the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. This was even more true of the "9/18" of 1931.
However, Shenyang is worthy of being a city of heroes. As soon as the "918" incident launched by the Japanese invaders emerged, Shenyang, despite receiving orders from top to bottom from top to bottom, carried out heroic resistance.
This year, there are many versions of the "first shot of anti-Japanese resistance" in the local area, however, the only thing that can be proved by ironclad evidence is the heroic city of Shenyang.
Wang Tiehan
First, Wang Tiehan fired the first shot in Shenyang's military circles
When "9/18" broke out, although they frequently received orders not to resist, the muzzle of the Shenyang soldiers' guns did not all remain silent.
Wang Tiehan (1905-1995), a native of Shenyang, was admitted to the preparatory department of Peking University in his youth. Two years later, because of poverty, he had to abandon his studies and join the army. Soon, he entered the Northeast Army's Lecture Hall for further study. Prior to the "918" incident, he served as the commander of the 620th Regiment of the 7th Independent Infantry Brigade of the Northeast Army, and led his troops to garrison the North Camp in Dongshanzuizi, Shenyang.
On the night of September 18, every order from the Nanjing government was "No resistance, no movement, put the gun in the storeroom, everyone accepts benevolence, and sacrifices for the country." "No one is allowed to return fire on the Japanese troops who enter the barracks, and whoever causes trouble is responsible." The "non-resistance order" to this, Wang Tiehan was momentarily overwhelmed.
At about 10:25 p.m. that night, just after the explosion, the infantry of the Second Brigade of the Japanese Independent Garrison, which was ambushed outside the wall of the North Camp, opened the way with tanks under the cover of artillery and launched an attack on the North Camp. The chief of staff of the Northeast Army went so far as to order: 'No resistance, no movement, put the gun in the storeroom, stand up to death, everyone bears the benevolence, and sacrifices for the country.' At 1:40 a.m., the attacking Japanese began to approach Wang Tiehan's 620 regiment and shelled the barracks. At this time, the chief of staff called again and strictly ordered that no resistance was allowed. Wang Tiehan replied indignantly, "If the enemy invades our territory and attacks our barracks, si can bear it, then the national character and personality cannot be maintained." ......，......。 The enemy was shelling the regiment's barracks, and the officers and men could not wait to die with their guns. ’
The Japanese army began to launch a new round of attacks on the Wang Tiehan Regiment. Wang Tiehan and the guards quickly joined the broken rear troops, and he issued a loud order, "Give me a hard hit!" "Braking time, mortars and flat-firing guns were fired at the same time, all machine guns were fired at the same time, and the whole regiment suppressed the Japanese attack with firepower, and gradually, the Japanese firepower finally weakened. At 5:00 a.m., just as the Japanese attack was in a sudden setback, Wang Tiehan led his troops to withdraw from the North Camp. ”
In the First World War of The North Camp, the Japanese suffered 25 casualties, and our army suffered a total of 483 casualties and missing. Wang Tiehan said, "We can shoot just a few bullets like this, if we go out to fight, our brigade has more than 10,000 people, and those hundreds of devils will definitely be completely annihilated by us!" "It shows its heroism. However, under Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance to the order, Wang Tiehan still had to withdraw from Shenyang with the large troops of the Northeast Army. In the major anti-Japanese battlefields after that, the figure of this Shenyang hero can be seen almost everywhere. Wang Tiehan successively participated in the Battle of Songhu, the First Battle of Changsha, the Battle of Nanchang, the Battle of Zhejiang, the Battle of Quzhou and other battles against the Japanese army. However, what people remember most is the shot he fired in the early morning of September 19, 1931, that shook the land of China.
Huang Xiansheng
Second, Huang Xiansheng fired the first shot in Shenyang's police circles
Huang Xiansheng (1896-1949), Manchu, was admitted to the liberal arts cram school of Peking University in 1918 and was an active participant in the May Fourth Movement. In 1921, he was admitted to the third phase of the artillery section of the Northeast Army's Lecture Hall. He graduated with honors the following year and served in the Northeast Army. In 1928, he was appointed as the brigade commander of the First Brigade, responsible for the guards of Shenyang City, and at the same time, protecting Zhang Xueliang's safety. In 1930, he was appointed police chief of Liaoning Province and director of the Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau.
Before the "918" incident, Huang Xiansheng received information that the Japanese army was about to invade, and he reported to Zhang Xueliang many times, but in desperation, Zhang Xueliang pursued the "non-resistance" order of the Nanjing government, so that his anti-war ideas could not be supported and implemented. Even so, Huang Xiansheng still made active preparations. He expanded the police force in 58 counties of the province into 12 corps and distributed guns and ammunition. At the same time, he organized 2,000 police officers in Shenyang City into a headquarters and distributed guns and ammunition. He was waiting.
On the night of September 18, the blatant invasion of the Japanese army angered General Huang Xiansheng.
In the early morning of September 19, Huang Xiansheng led 2,000 police units in Shenyang to take the initiative to meet the Japanese army. In the South Market, Erjing Street and other places, they fought bloody battles with the Japanese for several hours, and finally, because light weapons were difficult to resist the attack of Japanese tanks, they were forced to evacuate Shenyang.
In late December, Huang Xiansheng organized the "Liaoning Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army" with the police force of the whole province as the backbone, and turned to the southern Liaoning and western Liaoning, fiercely cracking down on the arrogance of the Japanese puppet army.
Huang Xiansheng fired the first shot of the Shenyang police community's War of Resistance, and people called him "the first person on the Great Wall of Flesh and Blood." The "Liaoning Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army" he organized attracted Nie Er and Tian Han, thus producing the "March of the Volunteer Army", which became the mother of the "National Anthem". In 1936, Huang Xiansheng secretly joined the Communist Party of China.
III. The Manchurian Provincial Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China Fired the "First Shot" of the Communists in Shenyang
On the morning of September 19, 1931, the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China issued China's first anti-Japanese declaration and the world's first anti-fascist declaration. This is the "Declaration of the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Armed Occupation of Manchuria by Japanese Imperialism" (historically known as the "9.19 Declaration").
On the morning of September 19, the day after the outbreak of the "918" incident, Zhang Yinglong, then secretary of the Manchuria Provincial CPC Committee, He Chengxiang, director of the Organization Department, Zhao Yimin (then known as Liu Kun), secretary general Zhan Daquan, secretary general, and Liao Ruyi, secretary general of the Provincial Party Committee, came to the home of Zhan Daquan, near Shenyang's Xiaoxibianmen, where the provincial party organs were located at the time, to hold an emergency meeting of the Standing Committee. The meeting decided to immediately and publicly issue a "Declaration on the Armed Occupation of Manchuria by the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China for Japanese Imperialism," which clearly pointed out that the "918" incident was an act of aggression that Japanese imperialism had been planning for a long time to invade China and turn China into its colony, and that only the toiling masses' own army could truly oppose imperialism, and the declaration called on the Northeast Army not to surrender, not to surrender its weapons, to go to the countryside with guns, and to launch guerrilla warfare.
In the afternoon, the declaration appeared in the streets of Shenyang City. In the midst of the white terror of the Japanese soldiers searching for and killing anti-Japanese people, communists, members of the Communist Youth League, and progressive students cleverly sent the manifesto to shopping malls, factories, and courtyards of ordinary people's homes, and stuffed it into the desks of schools... In the end, the anti-Japanese manifesto was posted on the streets of Shenyang at the same time as the "Notice of the Commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army (No. 1)", in direct confrontation with the enemy who was dancing with teeth and claws. This gave great encouragement to the people of Shenyang, who were in a state of panic, and the indomitable might of the Chinese Communists made them feel a powerful spiritual force.
Soon, the streets of Fushun, Jinzhou, Dalian, and other cities also appeared, along with slogans and leaflets such as "Compatriots rise up to overthrow the Kuomintang that surrendered imperialism, and oppose the Japanese imperialist occupation of Manchuria with strikes, strikes, and strikes" and "launched guerrilla warfare."
This declaration is the first declaration of the anti-fascist war in the history of the world and is of great significance in the history of the world anti-fascist war. At the time of the survival of the nation, the Chinese Communists took the lead in standing up and openly showing their swords to the invaders on behalf of the great Chinese people.
The Manchurian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China stood at the forefront of the resistance against the Japanese aggressors and made unique historical contributions to the victory of the Northeast War of Resistance and even the national War of Resistance.
Gao Pengzhen
Fourth, Gao Pengzhen fired the first shot at the people of Shenyang
Gao Pengzhen (1897-1937), after graduating from middle school, studied at the Shenyang Wenhui Academy, and soon dropped out of school to enter the society, serving as a new police inspector, and later because he did not adapt to the bad customs of the officialdom, he resigned to join the green forest and went to the road of killing the rich and helping the poor.
Nine days after the "918" incident, that is, on September 27, Gao Pengzhen established the "Zhenbei Army" in Xinmin County, Shenyang City, based on the old department of more than 200 people, and at the same time, in conjunction with other good men in the green forest. On October 10, another good man from all walks of life came, totaling more than 1,300 people, so he set up the "Northeast National Salvation Army" and was elected as the commander. On November 25, Gao Pengzhen led his troops to attack a Japanese squad in Wutaizi, Xinmin County. On December 3, he killed and wounded many Japanese puppet soldiers in continuous combat in Black Mountain County, capturing 42 large guns, four machine guns, 15 pistols, 3,000 rounds of ammunition, and 78 Yankees, forcing the Japanese troops stationed in Xinlitun to withdraw for a time. On December 30, the Northeast Army all fled Guannei, the Japanese army approached Jinzhou in three ways, Gao Pengzhen led the National Salvation Army to launch an attack on the Shijiazi Railway Station, which killed a total of 20 Japanese troops and cut off the Chase Railway Line. Soon, his team grew to more than 2,000 people. Huang Xiansheng heard the news. He was extremely appreciative and sent capable generals to his troops, and Yun supported his battles. Soon, Gao Pengzhen was officially appointed as the commander of the Second Regiment of the Northeast Fourth Road Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army and the commander of the cavalry detachment of the Twelfth Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army. Since then, he has led his troops to fight in the land of western Liaoning, and has experienced dozens of major battles such as the Battle of Xinlitun in Montenegro, the New Autumn After Zhangwu, Lushan in Beizhen County, Fanjiawo Fort in Fuxin County, and Zhangwu Hartao, eliminating more than 500 Japanese puppet troops and capturing more than 100 people.
As a hero of the green forest, Gao Pengzhen fired the first shot of the people's anti-Japanese resistance in Shenyang, which is of great enlightening significance for inspiring the people to mobilize the people to participate in the War of Resistance and persist in the War of Resistance.
Fifth, determine the great significance of Shenyang firing the first shot of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
The above facts fully prove that Shenyang is a heroic city that fired the first shot of the War of Resistance. Our writings and arguments are merely a reminder that more people are aware of this problem, and as an ironclad fact it has always been engraved on the title page of that heroic epic.
Under the background of the "918" incident, especially under the influence of the policy of non-resistance, there was a certain degree of "Sunophobia" in the psychology of the Chinese at that time, and even some so-called generals of the Nationalist Army blindly believed in the "myth" that "the Japanese army was invincible." The first shot fired by Shenyang, which shocked the mountains and rivers, had a huge effect in awakening and invigorating the national spirit at that time.
Wang Tiehan's passive resistance, Huang Xiansheng's active resistance, the programmatic declaration openly issued by the Manchurian Provincial CPC Committee, and the fact that Gao Pengzhen led the broad masses of the people to rush toward the enemy throughout the mountains and fields have all successfully shaped the image of a protracted hero of "Shenyang firing the first shot of the anti-Japanese war," jointly built Shenyang as a monument to the world's famous anti-fascist city, and declared to the whole world the confidence of the great Chinese nation, the great Chinese communists, the great Chinese people, and the great Shenyang people in a decisive battle with a strong enemy.
Whether it is Wang Tiehan's first shot fired in the military circles, Huang Xiansheng's first shot fired in the police circles, or the first shot fired by the Manchurian Provincial Committee of the CPC in the public opinion circles, or Gao Zhenpeng's first shot fired by the people, they all represent the heroic Shenyang City and the heroic Shenyang people.
Yes, Shenyang made a major contribution to the world anti-fascist war, and the heroic city of Shenyang fired the first shot of the Chinese nation against Japanese fascism.