Today is March 13th, yesterday just went to a friend's peach orchard to sit for a while, friends said that recently there was an insect in the peach orchard, let me see what kind of pest, I take a closer look, this pest is not anything else, is the pest that harms the leaves of the peach tree - peach pattern sword moth, now has entered the spring, the weather warms, these pests are also harmful to fruit trees, for peach sword moth, not only will harm peach trees, like pear trees, apple trees, mulberry trees, toon trees, etc. are all harmful, sometimes peach pattern sword moth will also harm crops, Crops like corn are also harmful targets, so like our Shandong region is mainly apples and peach-based areas, this pest is still more, today we will talk about this peach pattern sword moth.
Peach pattern sword moth is a pest of the leaf moth family of Lepidoptera, as for their name is also a variety of species, such as apple sword pattern leaf moth, etc., these are also based on their habits, mainly in a tree hazard as the main target, this pest belongs to the oligopal pest, catch a fruit tree is harmful to the end, and then will also be in these harmful fruit trees for "camping", so the name is also very much, but for them are a general name is "sword pattern night moth", So come and see if your fruit trees have such pests?
First, the morphological characteristics of the peach sword pattern nocturnal moth
Adult: The length of the adult is about 14-20 mm, the length of the flight is about 40-50 mm, the adult has a dark brown forewing color, a white stripe on the forewing, a ring with a black edge, a row of triangular black spots on the outside of the wing, a brownish gray color on the head and chest with black and white fuzz on it, a black stripe on the head, a filamentous antennae, a black brown compound eye, a black color of the tarsal segment, a pale brown ring on the tarsal segment, and a light gray and tan on the back of the abdomen The tufts of hair at the base are slightly grey , the hind wings are brownish yellow in color , the margins are lighter in color , and the male adults have slender hooks on their bodies.
Larvae: The larvae are divided into 7 age segments, the body length of the mature larvae is about 28-32 mm or so, the mature larvae body is relatively strong, the head of the larva is reddish-brown, the body has multiple nodes each, there are many black spots on the back of the body, the larvae's valve line is gray-brown, the color of the valve line is grayish yellow, the abdomen is purple-brown, there is a figure-of-eight light yellow spot on each node, two pinches of white long hairs on the eighth and ninth sections of the body, and the rest of the hairs are black-brown villi, and the villi are relatively sparse. It is shorter and bulges on the back in the fourth and eleventh sections.
Eggs: The eggs are oval in shape, and the eggs laid in the early stage have some stripes on them, the color is yellowish white, and they will become pale pink in the later stages, and the color will be gray-brown when they hatch later.
Pupae, pupae length is about 14-16 mm, width of about 5-6 mm, pupae body on the upper abdomen of the position of many similar black nodules, the early is date red, the later when feathered to become dark red.
Cocoon: The length of the cocoon is about 20-26 mm, barrel-shaped, the outside of the cocoon is dark gray, and the inside is light gray.
Second, the life habits of the peach sword pattern nocturnal moth
The habits of the peach pattern sword moth are more complex, some areas are generally a generation, and some areas are 2-3 generations a year, from the current peach pattern sword moth habits, like the low temperature of the area of the annual generation is more, the temperature of the high temperature area is 2-3 generations a year, like our Shandong region is 2 generations a year, basically the peach pattern sword moth will begin to come out of the activity from the end of March to April, because the peach pattern sword moth is an obvious wintering pest, the early wintering time, the insect cocoon will be in the orchard soil cracks, tree holes for wintering, In March and April, these cocoons will feather into adults, but in April there are more feathers, and May is the peak of feathering.
Adult feathering time will last until June, adult feathering after the night of the mating, 2-3 days after the tail will lay eggs, especially the time of laying eggs at night, after 7 pm to 10 o'clock is the peak period of egg laying, female worms lay eggs, will lay eggs on the leaf surface of peach trees, 10-12 egg blocks will be distributed on the leaves, each egg laying can reach 100-200 eggs, after hatching eggs will hatch into larvae after 8-10 days, the hatching rate of eggs is more than 95%. The hatching rate is still relatively high. The egg hatching time is generally around 4-7 a.m., and the time of larval damage is basically from April to June, and the newly hatched larvae will begin to harm the leaves of the peach tree near the egg shell.
Larvae are mainly 1-3 year old larvae harm for cluster hazards, another 1-3 year old larvae in the harm of peach leaves, after eating the leaves, the larvae will spit out silk, and then the larvae will climb to other fruit trees like a swing, after 4 years old, the larvae will endanger the leaves of the peach tree alone, to the 5th instar, the larvae are more serious, then the larvae feed is relatively large, the larvae will quickly eat the leaves, especially when the peach tree blossoms and bears fruit, Larvae will also eat the buds and young fruits of the peach tree, sometimes when the amount of food intake will bite off the branches and stems of the peach tree, it should be noted that the 4-5 year old larvae will not spit silk, but the harm is still relatively large.
It is worth noting that the larvae will molt during the growth period, each age segment will regress the skin, 7 age segments will generally molt for about 50 days, for some areas of the pest generation, the larvae will begin to overwinter in September, the second generation of regional larvae will overwinter in October, the area where three generations occur is also after October, the general first generation of larvae time ranges from 20-40 days, the second generation of larvae about 20-30 days, the third generation of larvae in about 25-35 days, The lifespan of adult insects is generally about 5-15 days, and by September to October, the mature larvae will excrete the feces of the body, and then climb to the ground 3-5 cm under the peach tree or the old skin of the tree hole and trunk to overwinter.
Peach sword moth has begun to appear at present, although this pest is a oligo-eating pest, but for some areas in the spring climate instability, resulting in hot and cold, then this time the pest has a certain degree of migration, if there are other crops around our orchard, then these crops are also the harm target of the peach pattern sword moth, such as mulberry garden, apple, pear and other parks can provoke these pests, so these fruit trees and crops are the host of the peach pattern sword moth.
For many areas at present, the density of pests in the spring is also increasing, after all, for the management of fruit trees, as long as there is a sluggishness, then there will be insect pests in the planting process, such as no soil deep ploughing and weeding in the autumn, things do not prune fruit trees and fruit trees whitened insect-proof measures, causing overwintering insect cocoons to lurk in the park, once it is spring, it will feather, and some growers do not carry out orchard inspections in the spring, etc. Causes the overwintering cocoons to feather rapidly in the park, which then harms the fruit trees.
1, autumn garden measures are indispensable, when the peach tree in the harvest should be timely cleared garden, we can combine the autumn application of base fertilizer together with the garden, in the autumn application of base fertilizer, you can prepare for fertilization in advance, about a week before fertilization, the soil of the park is all turned over deeply, and then according to the method of fertilization to dig a ditch, strip ditch or ring ditch, dig out the soil to let the sun exposure, if there are insect cocoons in the soil, to carry out unified collection after burning treatment, and then fertilization after the soil cover In order to reduce the parasitic rate of insect pests in the park, in the winter, you can find the bark around the fruit tree and the cocoon in the tree hole, and then scrape the bark of the old tree with a knife and paint it white.
2, if in the winter to clean up the insect cocoon, in the spring, you can combine the inspection of the park, the grower can pick the insect cocoon around the fruit tree, when the larval harm occurs, we can also carry out artificial extermination, the young larvae have the habit of spitting silk sagging, can be manually picked, secondly, we can use the adult insects in the park, the use of adults has phototropism, can use black lights and frequency vibration insecticide at night to trap adult insects, insect pest density is high, you can use high-pressure mercury lamps to kill insects, at the same time, Adult insects are more sensitive to sweetness, can use sugar and vinegar to mix and kill insects, and at the peak of the insect pest, they can place hay handles under fruit trees, lure larvae into cocooning on grass handles, and then burn the grass handles.
3, the use of natural enemies for insect extermination, natural enemies have peach pattern sword moth shield face ji bee, night moth skinny ji bee, stained knife mantis, tiny flower bugs, sparrows, etc., these are the natural enemies of the peach pattern sword moth, in the park should also pay attention to protection, at the same time in the juvenile pest appear, you can also carry out biological preparations for pest control, killing larvae can use bt emulsion or matrine, avermectin for killing.
4, the drug for insecticide, for the early occurrence of insect pests, we must also seize the time of control, it is best to kill at the time of 1-3 years of larvae, so that it can effectively reduce the occurrence of insect pests, for the control of drugs are, octylthion emulsion, borerone, insecticide, chlorma emulsion, cypermethrin emulsion, quick killing butter, Uranus emulsion, extermination emulsion, cypermethrin emulsion.
Note: For the time of pest control, instead of being at the stage of larvals, do not use your hands to directly touch the larvae in the advance of the pest control, the larvae have poisonous hairs, and when spraying insecticides in the use of biological agents, we must also pay attention to the weather conditions, avoid spraying in the afternoon when the sun is strong, because the choice to spray when the light is dark, can improve the efficacy of the drug.