What kind of person was Liu Yuan, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, and how history evaluates Liu Yuan

Liu Yuan (between 249 and 253 – 310), courtesy name Yuanhai, was a native of Xinxing (present-day northern Xinzhou, Shanxi), a Xiongnu, xiongnu leader Mao DunDan Yu, grandson of YuFuluo of the Southern Xiongnu, son of Liu Bao the Prince of Zuoxian, mother of the Huyan clan, former founding emperor of the Zhao regime during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, reigning from 304 to 310. Liu Yuan took over his subordinates after his father's death, and during the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the kings attacked each other, liu Yuan took advantage of the civil strife in the imperial court and established himself in Hezhou, calling himself the King of Han, establishing the State of Han (later changed to Zhao, generally known as Former Zhao, also known as Han Zhao), and in 308 he was called emperor and changed to Yuan Yongfeng.

In July of the fourth year of Yongjia (310), Liu Yuan fell ill and prepared to entrust the aftermath, appointing Liu Huan as Dazai, Liu Yang as Taifu, Liu Yannian as Taibao, Liu Cong as Grand Sima and DaDan Yu, and as the commander of Shangshu affairs, and built Shan Yutai in western Pingyang, appointing his son Liu Yu as The Great Situ. Liu Yuan became seriously ill and summoned Liu Huan and Liu Yang and others to the palace to receive the edict and assist the imperial government. In August, Liu Yuan died in the Guangji Temple, reigning for a total of six years. After Liu Yuan's death, his son Liu He succeeded to the throne. Soon, Liu Cong invaded the West Chamber from the Ximing Gate and killed Liu He and Zi Li. In September of the same year, Liu Cong buried Liu Yuan at the Yongguang Mausoleum, with the title of Emperor Guangwen and the temple name Gaozu.

How history evaluates Liu Yuan

Overall

Liu Yuan, a descendant of the Sinicized Xiongnu nobility, took advantage of the situation to establish the first ethnic minority regime in the Central Plains, the Xiongnu Han Dynasty, in the wave of declining Western Jin and the uprisings of displaced people from all over the world against the Jin. The establishment of the Han dynasty further pushed the Central Plains into war and turmoil, and at the same time changed the five-part ruling structure of the Xiongnu since Cao Cao, and restored the traditional Xiongnu system. However, from the long-term rule of ethnic minorities over the Han Chinese, conditions have been prepared for the deep integration of various ethnic groups.

Evaluation of the past

Sima Yan: "Liu Yuanhai Rong Yi Ji Jian, although Yu and Ri Ling could not add it." ”

Wang Ji: "Yuan has the talent of a long man of literature and martial arts, and His Majesty is in charge of the affairs of the southeast, and Wu is not enough to pingye." ”

Kong Ke and Yang Jue: "The talent of the subject Guan Yuanhai is incomparably feared today, and if His Majesty takes the crowd lightly, it is not enough to achieve things; If the authoritarian power is false, after Ping Wu, I am afraid that it will not return to the north. ”

Fang Xuanling and other "Book of Jin": "Or usurp the land of the capital, or the land of several states, the inner volume of the Xiongtu, the division and the brigade outside, the poor soldiers are fierce in victory and defeat, and the lives of people are in fengdi, which is one hundred and thirty-six years for the Warring States, and the Yuanhai is the first to cause trouble." ”

Sima Guang: "Liu Yuan took advantage of the decline of the Jin Dynasty and the world of Hefen. The people who rose up rose to the back, and Shi Le and Wang Mi were all subjects to the north. Cong inherited his old deeds and fell into the two capitals, insulted the Second Emperor, boasted and indulged, was cruel and unrelated, and fortunately died of illness, the grave grass was not born, and the family was slaughtered. ”

Xie Caibo: "If Liu Yuan, Cong, Yue, Yao, Shi Le, Hu, Min, Zhi Sheng, Helian Bobo, etc., their murderers rebel against the company, commit adulterous slaughter, have no reason to be rehabilitated, and the disaster will not spiral." ”[24]

Zhang DaLing: "Since ancient Yidi has been a Chinese patient, he has not heard of the emperor China, and there is, since Liu Yuan. When Jin was in his heyday, Yuan traveled to the Capital Division in his prime, traveled with various famous scholars, held the argument up and down, and Gu Binbin was also cool, but it was said that Yu yu and Jin Il Zen were the ears. Knowing that the eavesdropping and the hub, the palace, the selfish thought: 'This is preferable. 'Shi Ru saw that Guo Qin and Jiang Tongzhi could not say it, and he was deeply sorry for Sima Shi, and he did not know that this Cao gradually became infected with the style of Huaxia, and for more than a hundred years his wen ya Bo Qia was both a Chinese scholar and a master, and xiao was fierce and vigorous, and the courage to pull up mountains and iron was available to non-Chinese and seemed to be also. Even if it is driven away and not necessarily gone, it is not necessarily gone but not necessarily coming. I know that the harm will not only invade the pickaxe side, but also invade Jingyang, encircle Bai Deng, and enter Ganquan, as in the case of Zhou Han. In fact, China is chaotic first, and it has taken advantage of its gap! However, whenever Yuan Yuan heard of the misery of the massacre of the generals, he gave a deep warning, used wisdom and advice, was courteous and industrious, and had the dignity of a Chinese monarch. ”

Wang Fuzhi: "Although Liu Yuan is not able to carry on the material of Ao Ao, but his original ambition is also erzhao?" Judging from its ridicule and lack of martial arts, and the absence of literature in Qi and Irrigation, it is only expected to be in Sui, Lu, Dai, and Irrigation. Since it belongs to the five parts, hearing sima Ying's defeat, and still wanting to fight xianbei and Wuhuan for it, it may not be necessary to go back to Jin and think of destroying it. Sima Yingyan provoked it, and Liu Xuan and others pushed and sniffed, and began to poison the world and overthrow the Jin Room. Is it that the Xiongnu have been bred in Xihe for many years since the Period of Money, the Yuan bandits are reckless, and the descendants of the clan and their types died in Jin Zhun, and there is no widow left behind, then the Yuan poisoning world is still self-poisoning, and the Yuan yi Li has the pick of Ying, xuan zhi, and the Miao tribe that has been passed down since the erosion of The Miao tribe that has been passed down since the Decades of Erosion and Mao Dun in the Chong dynasty? Sima Ying destroyed his defenses, and the river broke the fish, destroying his clan and the Clan of Chiyuan, and also destroying it!"