Sunshine rose grapes are loved by people because of their high sugar, strong aroma, large grains, and storage resistance, and have now become the new main varieties of grape production in China.
With the widespread planting of sunshine roses, many cultivation problems have also followed, and fruit rust is one of the more frequent and difficult.
Fruit rust is a striped, lumpy or irregular rust-colored wood-colored wood-colored substance formed on the surface of the grape fruit, which can be connected into pieces when severe, although it does not go deep into the flesh, it does not affect the taste (or even sweeter), but it has a greater impact on the appearance and quality of the fruit, which in turn affects fresh sales.
From the perspective of the mechanism of rust formation, microscopic fissures on the peel or partial peel cell necrosis are the triggers. In order to resist adversity, the synthesis of lignin in grape peel is intensified, and the accumulation of wood thrombus on the inner side of the cell wall of the outer skin cells forms a highly plastic peripheral membrane, that is, the rust of the fruit.
Judging from the previous data, there are many factors for the formation of grape rust, such as genetics, climate, nutritional disorders, mechanical damage, agricultural operations, pests and diseases, yield loads, etc., returning to the sun rose, the following factors have a greater impact on the occurrence of its rust.
Ripeness: After the skin of the sun rose fruit turns yellow, there is a fruit rust at the beginning of the fruit, and as the yellow degree of the peel increases and the time passes, the severity of the rust gradually increases. Therefore, the more ripe the fruit, the longer the tree is left, and the higher the incidence of rust.
Sugar content: fruit sugar in the period of about 16 to 17 degrees Celsius began to occur, and then the symptoms increased with the increase of fruit sugar, it is recommended to harvest in time when the fructose is 18 degrees.
Fruit size: In general, the fruit grain is smaller, the rust occurs more seriously, the fruit grain is larger, and the rust occurs less. Therefore, the production of high-quality sunshine roses should be seedless expansion treatment, such as the use of 25ppm gibberellinic acid + 5ppm clobiurea solution dipped in fruit spikes is more appropriate. In addition, the treatment of gibberellose plus clobiurea can reduce the content of phenols such as resveratrol and coumarinic acid and the content of lignin in the grape peel, so that the activity of the wood cork layer is inhibited, which can inhibit the formation of rust to a certain extent.
Hanging fruit volume: moderate control of production, such as 1500 ~ 2000kg per acre can reduce the rust rate, excessive production control will aggravate the occurrence of fruit rust. Of course, if the load is too large, it will cause the tree to be weak and the fruit to be small, which will also induce fruit rust.
Fruit bag color: the darker the color, the lower the incidence of rust. Therefore, a set of green or blue fruit bags is beneficial to the inhibition of sun rose hip rust and the formation of peels.
Fertilizer use: Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will stimulate the formation of fruit rust, and increasing calcium fertilizer can reduce the occurrence of fruit rust to a certain extent.
Tree age tree potential: fruit rust occurs in 2 to 3 years of new trees, with the increase and decrease of tree age, after the end of the canopy expansion of more than 6 years of growth has a considerable degree of reduction; when the tree posture is moderate, the rust occurs less, and vice versa, the fruit rust occurs more.
Others: Mechanical injuries to the fruit surface will aggravate the occurrence of fruit rust; climatic conditions of high temperature and high humidity during the ripening period will make fruit rust more frequent.
Cultivate strong tree potential: the stronger the tree, the less the sun rose hip rust will occur, it is recommended to choose a strong rootstock, strengthen the management of branches, pay attention to the improvement of strong root and root vitality, such as root growth before the peak of the sea elf biological stimulant.
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Reasonable load, timely harvesting: As mentioned in the meeting, the sunshine rose mu yield is recommended to be controlled at 1500 ~ 2000kg, and the harvest is more appropriate when the sugar degree is 18.
Calcium supplementation: Calcium belongs to a large number of elements for grapes, not only directly involved in the growth and development process of grapes, but also can play a role in regulation, especially for the stability of the cell wall and membrane system is very critical, and the peel microfiding and necrosis are closely related to the loss of calcium, so we must pay attention to timely supplementation. Bottom fertilizer, germination stage, fruit set stage is the calcium fertilizer application node, pay attention to the foliar topdressing, the later stage is recommended to supplement with magnesium, if expanded to the color transition period spraying Gaisme and so on.
Gazmet foliar fertilizer, calcium and magnesium with supplementation, the effect is better, Gazmei is suitable for spraying at the fruit stage, can reduce fruit splitting, improve fruit quality, it is recommended to spray 1000 times with water, generally sprayed 2-3 times.
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Others: After the granulation operation, bagging as soon as possible, choose green or green fruit bags; pay attention to the control of nitrogen fertilizer during the color change period; reduce fruit scars.
This article is written and sorted by the agricultural assistant team, please be sure to indicate the source of the agricultural assistant when reprinting, and please do not modify the content of the article, the modification must be investigated!