Cultivation technology of green manure crop Astragalus
Astragalus, also known as safflower grass, is an important green manure crop in winter cultivation of rice fields in China, and the plant body contains a variety of nutrients and organic matter, which can effectively improve the content of soil nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter after overpression, and is an important source of organic fertilizer in agricultural production. Vigorously promoting the cultivation of aperillary can not only promote the absorption of insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil, but also significantly improve the soil fertility of medium and low yield fields and increase crop yield. It can also greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, improve soil structure, and improve crop quality. In addition to being used as a green manure crop, astragalus can also be used as green feed, astragalus is rich in protein, rich in various minerals and vitamins, tender and juicy, all kinds of livestock are like to eat.
Through the implementation of projects such as farmland protection and quality improvement and modern agricultural green manure promotion, the planting area of astragalus has been expanding year by year in Fengcheng City. In order to further promote green manure planting and improve the planting level of astragalus, the high-yield cultivation technology and management of astragalus are briefly introduced as follows for reference.
1 Variety selection
Considering the local climatic characteristics, tillage system, stubble timing and planting method, select the varieties suitable for planting purple cloud in the winter idle field. Fengcheng mainly chooses "Ganzi Series" varieties, mainly including "Ganzi No. 1 (Yujiang Big Leaf Seed)" and Fengcheng Green Stalk Seed, which has a moderate maturity period, tall plants, thick stems, strong cold resistance, and good yield.
2 Seed treatment
Before sowing the seeds, select the seeds for 4 to 5 h on sunny days, mix the seeds with fine sand in a ratio of 2:1 after sowing, rub them vigorously in a woven bag, and wipe off the wax on the seed skin to improve the water absorption speed and germination rate of the seeds. Then, select seeds with 5% brine to remove diseased grains and empty autumn grains. The selected seeds are put into a solution of 0.1 to 02% ammonium molybdate (1 packet of 10 g weight 80% content of ammonium molybdate plus water 4-8 k g dip astragalus seeds 1 5 a 2 k g) soaked for 12 to 2 4 h, or soaked in 5% of the rotten rare human urine for 8 h, or put people in .0 2 % of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 10 to 12 h, fished out and dried, and seeded with rhizobium or calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer 3 k g.
3 Sow seeds at the right time
Astragalus is generally sown from mid-September to early October. Sowing is too early, the symbiosis period of rice and fertilizer is too long, and the seedlings are thin; If the seeds are sown too late, they are susceptible to frost damage and the overwintering seedlings are insufficient. If sowing in a vigorous hybrid late rice field, it should be selected to sow 20 to 2 5 days before late rice harvest, which is conducive to rice maturation and grass emergence and growth. Generally, 1.5 a 2 k g / 6 6 7 m2 is used to sow in the morning after the rice leaf dew dries to avoid the seeds sticking to the rice stems and leaves, affecting the seeds to fall into the mud. When sowing, be sure to ration according to the field, spread evenly, and drop evenly. In addition, the soil of the rice field should be kept moist, which is conducive to early emergence, seedling emergence, and more seedlings.
4 Field management
4.1 Drought-resistant and stain-proof preservation seedlings
In the case of dry weather after sowing, it is necessary to irrigate a "running horse water" to keep the field moist, which can not only meet the water needs of astragalus seeds, but also meet the requirements of water and gas in the late stage of late rice, which is conducive to grouting and fruiting. After the harvest of late rice, it is necessary to open a "well" ditch and a ditch on the edge of the field, and it is necessary to achieve the communication between the ditch and ditch, drain and irrigate freely, and keep the field surface moist without accumulating water. At the same time, it is necessary to cover the straw, which is conducive to field moisture and cold resistance, promote the growth of good seedlings and strong seedlings, and lay the foundation for high yield. After entering the spring, the rainy days are frequent, if the ditch system is not smooth, the field water is accumulated, it will affect the spring hair, for the ditch blockage or unless ditched field, we must seize the time to clean up and dredge the ditch, ensure that the drainage is smooth, so that the rain stops the ditch dry, there is no water on the furrow surface, promote and accelerate the vegetative growth of green manure, and improve biological yield.
4.2 Apply seedling fertilization before winter
In places with conditions, after emergence, thin manure water of 2 5 0 ~ 3 0 k g / 6 6 7 m2, combined with drought-resistant watering, make full use of the warm and light conditions before winter, and accelerate the growth of seedlings.
4.3 Apply wax fertilizer to prevent frost damage
In early to mid-December, soil fertilizer 4 00 ~ 5 0 0 k g / 6 6 7 m2 or calcium superphosphate 2 0 a 2 5 k g / 6 6 7 m2 plus potassium chloride 5 k g z6 6 7 m2 was applied to enhance cold resistance and reduce frost damage. Increasing the application of calcium superphosphate is an important yield increase measure for raising large fertilizers with small fertilizers, which cannot be ignored.
4.4 Apply spring fertilizer to promote spring hair
In the spring, urea 3-5 k g/6 6 7 m2 was applied to see the seedlings to accelerate the hair growth of branches and leaves after spring warmth and improve the yield of fresh grass.
4.5 Control of diseases and insects to ensure abundant yields
Astragalus mainly includes aphids, thrips, leafminer flies, powdery mildew, sclerotia and other diseases and insect pests, which should be sprayed in time to prevent and control. For aphids and leafminers, aphid net, avermectin 1 0 00 times liquid spray control, powdery mildew, sclerotia can be used to dentate or methyl tolbuzin 75 a 10 0 g, mixed with water 50 k g spray control.
5 Tumbling
5.1 Timely rolling
Early rice direct seeding, at the initial flowering stage of Astragalus, early rice sowing 7 a 10 d tumbling; For early rice transplanting, it is advisable to turn over and over 10 to 15 days before the early rice transplanting at the flowering stage of Ziyunying. Single-season rice is planted and turned at the pod stage or maturity stage. In short, the turning time of green manure, in addition to considering its growth period, but also consider the planting period of rice, in principle, the green manure should be fully decomposed when planting, generally about 15 to 20 d before planting.
.5 2 Tumbling method
Direct in-place tumbling. The depth of the rolling is controlled at 15 ~ 20c m, so that the astragalus can be covered by the soil. There are two kinds of tumbling methods: hydroponics and dry tillage, and the effect of dry tillage is better than that of hydroponics, but the power requirements of hydroponics are lower than those of dry tillage.
.5 3 Amount of tumbling
Pressed fresh grass amount 1 50 0 a 2 0 0 k g / 6 6 7 m2 as well, beyond the part moved out of Honda utilization. Hydroponic lime is used for fertilization in combination with rake field before rice transplanting, and the amount of lime is 25-3 0 k g / 6 6 7 m2. Soils with acidic lime can be applied 50 k g / 6 6 7 m2.
.5 4 Drainage shelves
When the amount of purple cloud ying is large, the drainage of the paddy field is poor, the ventilation is not smooth, and the rice has symptoms of black leaves, growth stagnation, and non-return to green and iniquity, the field should be drained immediately to improve the soil ventilation performance.
6 Green manure retention
Fields with good drainage, sandy soil, medium fertility and non-continuous cropping should be selected as reserved fields. It is best to select astragalus seeds with good varieties, high yields, pure germination and late maturity for sowing, and the sowing amount can be reduced to about 1.5 k g / 6 6 7 m2. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied to the planting field, and the increase of 10 k g/6 6 7 m2 of calcium superphosphate and 10 to 15 k g /6 6 7 m2 of grass and wood ash can improve seed yield and quality. The ripening period of the purple cloud pods is inconsistent, and the harvest is generally best when the pods turn black at 80%. Seeds can generally be harvested 50 ~ 6 0 k g / 6 6 7 m2.
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