This season is now a time of high incidence of tick activity. Ticks and mosquitoes are somewhat similar, after biting people, will be some of the pathogens in the body (tick disease) into the human body, the onset of acute and severe, the main symptoms are, fever, headache, fatigue, muscle soreness, as well as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mental atrophy, etc., the initial stage of the disease and cold symptoms similar, if not treated in time, serious can cause death!
▶ Route of transmission
(before blood sucking)
(after blood sucking)
Ticks are found in animals in addition to wild grasses. In general, wild haddock rats, ticks and cattle flies, as well as domestic cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, chickens, etc., can carry the new Bunia virus, and then through tick bites or contact with the patient's blood, blood secretions can cause infection. Populations are generally susceptible due to a lack of immunity to the pathogen.
Prolonged sitting in the main habitat of ticks such as grasslands and woods should be avoided as much as possible. If you need to enter such areas, you should pay attention to personal protection, advocate wearing long-sleeved clothes; do not wear sandals; tie the trouser legs or tuck the trouser legs into socks or shoes; wear light-colored clothes to make it easy to find whether there are ticks to climb; the surface of knitted clothes is as smooth as possible, so that ticks are not easy to adhere; after the end of daily tourism activities, tourists should also carefully check their bodies and clothes to see if there are ticks in or climbing, and remove ticks immediately after finding ticks. When it is necessary to work in the field or camp, camping equipment such as clothes and tents can be soaked with insecticides, such as permethrin and deet-containing repellents.
▶ Symptoms and hazards
(The entire head burrows into the skin when sucking blood)
Experts pointed out that the initial performance after being infected by tick bites is not obvious, but after an incubation period of 1-2 weeks, patients will suddenly have fever, body temperature is mostly above 38 ° C, accompanied by fatigue, nausea, vomiting, some cases have headaches, muscle soreness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc., and can reach the neck and groin and other superficial lymph node enlargement.
Most patients have a good prognosis if they seek medical attention in time, but some severe cases of central nervous system involvement may have impaired consciousness, ecchymosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc., followed by circulatory failure, respiratory failure, diffuse intravascular coagulation, etc., and even death.
It is worth pointing out that if suffering from tick-borne diseases, family members, especially accompanying family members, should pay attention to self-protection, pay attention to protective facilities when contacting patients, avoid contact with patients' blood and body fluids or vomit, etc., because, in addition to tick bites can be infected with the virus, normal people can also be infected by contact with patients' blood, body fluids, secretions or vomit, in recent years, our hospital has successively found and confirmed a number of cases of family members taking care of patients and infection.
Therefore, unlike other diseases transmitted by insect vectors, it is very important to understand that it can be transmitted from person to person, especially for the families of people who are already sick, and it is necessary to be vigilant to prevent the care of patients and the onset of infection.
▶ What happens after being bitten?
If you are accidentally bitten by a tick, do not use tweezers and other tools to remove it, nor can you crush it with your fingers, if the tick is hard to pull down, the barb is easy to stay in the skin, and the neurotoxin carried in the barb is easy to cause secondary infection of the skin. Ether, kerosene, turpentine, and dry smoke oil should be applied to the head of the tick, or mosquito coils should be lit next to the tick, and the tick should be "anesthetized" and let it loose on its own; or the head of the tick should be thickly coated with liquid paraffin and glycerin to make it suffocate and loosen its mouth.
After removal, then use iodine or alcohol for local disinfection treatment, and observe the physical condition at any time, such as fever, inflammation and ulceration of the bite site and erythema and other symptoms, to seek medical treatment in time to diagnose whether they suffer from tick-borne diseases and avoid missing the best treatment time.
When the tick is found, whether it is on the surface of the human body or animal, or free on the wall, the ground, do not touch it directly with your hands, or even squeeze it, and use tweezers or other tools to clip it and burn it; if you accidentally touch the tick, especially the outflow after the tick is squeezed, it should be disinfected.
▶ Tick disease does not circulate on a large scale
May to September is the growth and breeding period of ticks. Surveillance shows that such cases are rarely found in the urban population, and the cases are mostly adult farmers, mainly in hilly areas, so tick disease will not cause widespread transmission and epidemic in our country.