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Chestnut-rumped carp (scientific name: Sitta nagaensis): is a small songbird, the song tube structure and song muscle are complex, good at chirping, the call is more varied and pleasant; off-toe foot, three toes anterior and one back, the hind toe and the middle toe are equal length; the legs are weak, the scales of the posterior edge of the tarsal plantar are often healed into a whole scale plate; the gall palatial skull. Small body, short head and neck, short tail.
It is a subtropical alpine species, mainly distributed in coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 1500-3000 meters, except for individual or pair activities during the breeding period and familial groups in the late breeding period, and in other seasons, it is mostly in groups of individual or mixed with other small birds. Sexually active, quick-moving, able to climb up or down tree trunks, the main food is insects and pine seeds. It is found in China, India, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam.
Morphological characteristics
The entire upper body of the male chestnut-rumped bird, including the winged coverts and the inner flight feathers, is slate blue-grey, with a distinct black eye-piercing pattern extending from the base of the mouth through the eyes along the side of the head to the occipital side, the primary and secondary flight feathers are black, the outer and inner feather margins and the inner flight feathers are blue-gray; the central tail feathers are also slate blue-gray, the lateral tail feathers are black, the outer 3 or 4 pairs of tail feathers have white sub-terminal spots, and the outermost pair of tail feathers have oblique white end spots on the outer tail feathers. The sides of the head, neck and underparts are grey, the two sides are maroon, the tip of the tail covert is white, and the feather margin is maroon.
Females are similar to males, but have slightly darker plumage.
The iris is dark brown, the mouth slate is gray, the apex is black, and the feet are pale greenish brown.
Habitat
It is a subtropical alpine species, mainly distributed in coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at an altitude of 1500-3000 meters, and the altitude of the habitat is significantly higher than that of ordinary turtles.
Habits of life
In addition to the individual or paired activities during the breeding period and the family group in the late breeding period, the other seasons are often alone or mixed with other small birds. Sexually active, agile, able to climb up or down the trunk, pecking at insects under the bark, and sometimes climbing along the trunk in a spiral shape, constantly flying from one tree to another, the action is extremely agile, see people hide on the back of the trunk, after a while from behind the trunk, or continue to climb or fly away. When frightened, a "der-der" scream can be made. The sounds are diverse and beautiful.
It mainly feeds on insects, mainly insects such as beetles, scarab beetles and lepidoptera larvae, and also eats a small amount of plant foods such as plant seeds.
Distribution range
It is found in China, India, lao people's democratic republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Breeding methods
The breeding season is from April to June. Nests are found in various tree holes. The mouth of the cave is often coated with mud to fill in the bumps in the cave, and the soil can be applied to the bark near the mouth of the cave and the mouth of the hole, reducing the diameter of the mouth of the cave to just enough for birds to enter and exit. The cave is filled with soft materials such as moss and animal hair. Nesting begins to lay eggs within 5-6 days, one per day, 6-8 eggs per clutch, pinkish white, with purple ochre spots, dense spots, after 13-18 days of incubation, the young birds out of the shell. Both parents catch more than 200 insects a day to feed the young birds. After 22-26 days of brooding, the young birds fly out. When looking for nesting sites, nesting, pairing, and laying eggs, male and female birds are always inseparable. Lifespan 9 years.
Population status
The species has a wide distribution range, is not close to the fragile endangered threshold standard for the survival of the species (distribution area or fluctuation range is less than 20,000 square kilometers, habitat quality, population size, distribution area fragmentation), the population trend is stable, so it is evaluated as a species without survival crisis.
Protection level
Listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) ver 3.1 – No Hazard (LC) in 2016.
The pictures in this article are taken by teacher Fu Zibo, only for sharing and learning, and the copyright belongs to the original author