The ancient city of Yaohun has a long history, "瑷瑷" was originally the name of the river on the north bank of the Heilongjiang River, and there are many titles such as Aihun, Aihu, Aihu, Aihu, aihun and so on, all of which are different Chinese pronunciations of ethnic minority languages. The city is called Heilongjiang City in Chinese and Sakhalian Ulahotong in Manchu, and in the early Qing Dynasty it was the residence of the Heilongjiang General's Palace, and the rear deputy capital was tongzhen shou. In the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), the word "瑷珲" began to appear in the official texts. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Song Xiaolian's "Beijiao Jiyou" records: "Heilongjiang City, which was placed by the general Sabsu when he was ordered to conquer Luosha in the twenty-second year of Kangxi, and in the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, Luocha was pacified, that is, the general Isa brought by Ningguta and Ula to bring soldiers, weave flags and stay in The left of Jiangsu. Later, a certain general feared the re-invasion of Russia, and wanted to take advantage of the danger of the Yangtze River to consolidate himself, and moved to the right side of the river, which is now the city of Heilongjiang. It moved west to Morgen and south to Qiqihar. Therefore, the general is now stationed in Qiqihar City, and the name of the province is still known as Heilongjiang Yun. Heilongjiang City is also organized as a tree, and the existing vice capital is stationed, leaving the banner Ding, Manchu and Mongolian Han are different. Xian Tongjian southeast is the most famous general, and Fuwei Qingong is the most. However, dinghu households are very rare, and many are barren, and the merchants are not very prosperous, and it is no wonder that when the Russians arrived at the temple, they sat and watched their long drive straight forward, and there was nothing to do with it. ”
The picture shows the "Longsha Chronicle" written by the Qing Dynasty liuren Daoji
Due to its special geographical location and historical status, the Qing Dynasty literati wrote poems about it, and from these poems, we can feel the development and changes of Yaohun and the vicissitudes of the world. The first poet to write poetry in Yaohun was the early Qing Dynasty poet He Shicheng, the first poet to live in Yaohun to write poetry in Heilongjiang, and his "Ai Hun Instant Scene" wrote: "The banks of the Heilongjiang River are born in the clouds, and the endless sound of the river flowing ice is endless." The pavilion noon chicken chirped in the middle of the night, and he did not know that he was in the Great Desolate City. The second of the second poem of "Ai Hun Untitled Works" reads: "The grass reflects the wood city, and the Anbian Lai Jinbing." Wild wide clouds spread, the sea near the waves are difficult to flat. Drum horns are cold at night, and the mountains and streams are full of years. Accustomed to seeing people sleeping alone, Chu Ke also forgot his feelings. From the poem, we can see that although the city has just been built, at noon in the pavilion, there is already the sound of chickens chirping, which has changed from the former desolation. Since the Yaksa War had just ended, there were also Eight Banners in the city to resist the Invasion of Tsarist Russia, and the drums and horns of the troops were vibrating from time to time, and there was a solemn atmosphere.
In the last years of the Kangxi Dynasty, although there were some developments, due to the harsh environment and sparse population, it was still a place of extreme cold and bitter cold, and it was regarded as the "end of the sky". In the 60th year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1721), Fang Dengyi, a liuren of Bu kui (present-day Qiqihar), wrote the poem "Sending Friends to Aihu". Fang Deng Yi Zi Dao Zong, number screen scale, Tongcheng people. He was once appointed as a Zhongshu Sheren and the head of the Water Department of the Ministry of Relocation, and in the fifty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1713), he was exiled to Bu Kui because of the prison of the "Nanshan Collection". Fang Dengyi is good at painting poetry, including "Bao Su Zhai Poetry Collection", "Dirt Yan Collection", "Xing Yan Zhai Manuscript" and other poetry collections. The poem "Sending Friends to Ai Hu" reads: "The cold wind blows on the house, and the sand flows on the cold day." At this time, he said goodbye to Jun and sent Juncheng on a long journey. Junyou is also far away, and the purple plug is yellow and cloudy. I have come not as I wished, so what did I ask for? The situation is more and more east, but at the end of the heavens. Answer Yun's husband's body, the heavens and the earth are an ephemera. Ears and ears roam freely, Yuhan crosses the cangzhou. There are also sun and moon, but also spring and autumn. Why should the old county, the first hill of the district'? I smelled the heart, and I looked at the wandering worries. Yi Ran sent Jun and put the wine to the ground. There is dry grass lying on the side of the road, and the ice shines on the clothes. Three feet of snow, no more driving. This poem is the work of Fang Dengyi who sent people to Yaohun by Bu Kui, and Fang Dengyi expressed his feelings through the mouth of his friends who were sent.
During the Yongzheng period, The Yongzheng gradually flourished, and various folk activities developed accordingly, and the father and son of Yang Xuan recorded it in poetry, especially Yang Xuan's second son Yang Xiheng's "Bamboo Branch Words of the Ai River Yuanxi" on the YuanJie. Yang Xiheng Zi Han Zhen, Number Cha Cen, Songjiang Ren, Kangxi Forty-four Years (1705) Raised People, Forty-eight Years (1709) Jinshi, Official Cabinet Zhongshu. Yang Xuan sent him to the northeast twice, and when he was in Yaohun, he wrote poems about the folklore and earthquakes of Yaohun, including "Surviving Grass", "Ice Grass", "Listening to Yuxuan Poetry Collection" and other poetry collections. The "Bamboo Branch Words of the Ai River Yuan Xi" wrote: "The cold clouds cannot be frozen, and it is all up to personnel to summon the spring return." Children stepped on their arms and cheered, vying to see the lamp officer take office. (After Jiaping sealed the seal, a lamp officer was set up until the day of the opening of the seal) Hehe drove the Qing Dao Banner in front of the qinghe, and the green and red soap followed on both sides. Zhu Biao's notice was hung on the street, and the new title of The Department of Lighting and Politics was signed. (The lamp official is called the lamp political division) the city is boiling and singing, and the red pink is newly dressed with fine horses. Unbelieving, the king really had a wife, and Luo Shi looked at many people everywhere. (Immediately female makeup, called the lady of the lamp officer) welcome the tiger to welcome the cat with the Bible, pray for the New Year Race Society is not spirited? The drama is related to farming, and the front team first greets the five-grain bottle. (The lamp is bottle-shaped, painting the grain and sealing its mouth, taking the meaning of the five grains and fengdeng)" The poem records the scenes of the Shangyuan Festival such as the lantern official, the twisted song, the sacrifice of the cat god and the tiger god, etc., which are vividly depicted and provide us with good materials for inheriting the regional culture.
During the Jiaqing period, the poet Zhu Luzhong also had poems of the folk customs of The Yin Yong Yao Hun, Zhu Luzhong Zi Yutang, a native of Haiyan, Zhejiang, who served as the county commander of Heping County and Longxi County in Zhangzhou, Fujian. In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing (1817), qiqihar was degraded for incident, during which he wrote a collection of poems entitled "Longjiang Miscellaneous Songs", which described the hospitality of Heilongjiang City (瑷珲) and wrote: "Liubin chicken old family style, each meal double plate is rich in etiquette." Fortunately, don't be ashamed of the second eldest. Chen Ping means to seiko. And said: "The Shengjing Tongzhi said that the earth custom cloud: the walker does not take grain, and the chicken is very good." In the area of present-day Heilongjiang City, when guests arrive at the door, they will leave wine and rice, but pork and chicken eggs, and each plate is doubled, such as two plates of meat, chicken eggs are also two plates, and Manchurian customers still hand meat, that is, self-cutting and eating, cutting is not as good as the law, there is the reprimand of the second elder of Tun. From the original poems and annotations, you can feel the bold enthusiasm of the Yaohun people, this kind of rural customs has continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty and even the Republic of China, Mr. Fu Yuguang, whose ancestral home is the Great Five Families, recorded in his collated "Records of the Ten Li Yangtze River Customs of The Yaohun", his ancestors were good at the Manchu people, "If the Spring and Autumn Festival is sacrificed, the tambourine sound spreads for ten miles at night, regardless of the relatives invited to drink together, relatives are like a family, sometimes a night to rush a horse and climb a plough can eat more than a dozen blood intestines and white meat." ”
Zhang Guangzao, who dispatched Qiqihar during the Tongzhi dynasty, not only wrote poems describing The Yinghun, but also chanted poems about the Heilongjiang and Jingqili rivers. Zhang Guangzao ZiHanquan, a native of Guangde, Anhui, who served as the prefect of Tianjin, was sent to Qiqihar for the crime of "not being able to prevent" during the Tianjin teaching case, and wrote "Seven Records of Longjiang Chronicles" in Shu, which can be called the local chronicle of Heilongjiang, in which the poem describing Yao Hun wrote: "The provincial walls are victorious over the three rivers, and the cities built outside seem to be surrendered." The most is the most important place to live in Aihun, and the Luocha in front of him belongs to other states. He also said that "Aihun is eight hundred miles northeast of the province, its land borders Russia, and once it was bounded by the Outer Xing'an Mountains, two thousand miles away from Aihun, and nearly the Heilongjiang River, and the crossing of the river is the other realm." At the time of writing this poem, the Sino-Russian "Treaty of Yaohun" had already been signed, and the vast area south of the Waixing'an Mountains, north of the Heilongjiang River, and east of the Ussuri River, which originally belonged to China's territory, had been invaded and occupied by the Russians. In the "Seven Absolute One Hundred and Twenty Poems of the Chronicles of longjiang", the poem of The Yin Yangtze River reads: "The Wujiang River is surrounded by water potential, and the source traces back to the southwest of the Chengte Mountain. The yellow and black triage eventually mixed and poured into the middle of the sea. And said "Heilongjiang, the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" bath water, commonly known as the Wujiang River, a Wulong River, originating in mongolia's Khalkha Zhicheng Special Mountain, through the Russian border into the province, north by the Erguna River, to aihu city north ninety miles of fertilized Qili River water, southeast flow will be mixed with the river into the sea." The water color of the Jingqili River is yellow, the water of heilongjiang is black, and the yellow and black flow together, and the mixed river begins to merge into one. The poem of the Chant jingqili river reads: "The water in the jingxi flows out of the mountains and rivers, and flows into the turbid waves of Oolong." Where the stars and the sea come from here, the residents also call themselves the Yellow River. "Call" JingxiLi is Jingqili, Chinese called Jiangwula, ancient called Jingqili River as Jingxi Liwula, its source is from Xing'anling, the water is yellow, so it is commonly known as the Yellow River. "Heilongjiang and Jingqili Rivers were china's domestic rivers before the signing of the Treaty of Yaohun, and were the mother rivers of the Manchus, Dahuer, Orunchun and other northern ethnic groups.
In history, there are not many poems written by The Poets of Yaohun, and most of them were written by liuren and liuyu literati, but it is these ancient poems like auspicious pieces that record the true and rich history of Yaohun for us. The ancestors "blue wisps of the road, to open up the mountains and forests", how difficult it is to develop and start a business, so today we have the obligation and responsibility to let more people understand these ancient poems and spread them and pass them on, so that the history of Yaohun is thicker and thicker, and the future of Yaohun is better.