Was the Baode copper shell a currency of the late Yin Shang period? There is no evidence. It can only be said that the Baode copper shell was excavated from the late Yin Shang or early Western Zhou Baode tombs. Only a few copper shells were found in the tomb of Yin Ruins.
1 9 7 January 27, 101, Baode County Linshayu Commune Linshayu brigade found when building Dazhaitian.
Lin Shayu ruins
Linshayu Village is located on the bank of the Yellow River 35 kilometers southwest of Baode County, backed by mountains and water, and more than 100 meters away from the Yellow River in the west. The mountains overlap, the ravines are continuous, and the terrain is extremely dangerous. The site is 1,000 meters long, 500 meters wide, and has an area of about 500,000 square meters. From the cliff, the thickness of the cultural layer is 0.5 ---1 meter, and the shape of the vessel is mane, pot, etc., mainly sand and gray pottery, and clay red pottery is secondary. In 1971, a tomb of the late Shang Dynasty was cleared from the site. The bronzes were unearthed on the Baoliang Mountain, 1 km south of the village and 90 meters high. The summit is flat, with an area of about 2,000 square meters, and bronze objects have been found at a depth of about 40 centimeters from the surface. Two copper axes are placed on the right side of the human skeleton, and all the remaining bronzes are placed randomly at the lower end of the foot bone. The jade beads are placed inside the Ti Liang. The gold bow ornament is stacked on top of the sternum. The human skeleton is a body, the head is east and the foot is west. The excavated ceremonial vessels are: 2 pieces of Ding, 2 pieces of Urns, 1 piece of Ti Liang Jie, and 19 pieces of carriage and horse ware: public opinion ornaments, single bells, double bells, etc. Weapons are: 1 sword, 2 axes. Gold ornaments include: 2 pieces of bow-shaped gold jewelry and 6 pieces of gold thread jewelry. Copper shells 10 9 pieces. Another 112 sea shells. Coexisting with the carriage and horse, it seems to be used as a reed ornament. On September 15, 1974, the Provincial Cultural Work Conference was held in Xiyang, at which Yang Wanxu, director of the Cultural Bureau newly restored by Bao de, spoke at the conference entitled "Discovery and Protection of Cultural Relics Excavated from the Linshayu Ruins", and the Provincial Cultural Management Committee announced the identification and dating of cultural relics excavated from Linshayu, and preliminarily determined that the Baode copper shell was about the Minting of wu yi and Wending (16th century BC - 11th century BC) of the Shang Dynasty.
The tomb is complex and unique, with both late Shang culture and local cultural factors. It is a hybrid bronze ware formed by the fusion of the copper bell of the northern grassland culture and the bronze ceremonial ware of the Shangzhou culture in the Central Plains. The owner of the tomb should be a steppe ethnic nobleman who was deeply influenced by the bronze culture of the late Shang dynasty in the Central Plains. It is a mixed bronze ceremonial vessel produced by the Rongdi peoples of the northern and northwest grasslands absorbing and borrowing from the bronze culture of the Shang Zhou, and although its casting is likely to be completed by the casting workshop under the control of the Shangzhou royal family, the casting process should involve members of the rongdi ethnic group of the grassland or craftsmen familiar with the culture of the grassland people. Typical hanging bell bronze ware in the tomb is the product of the interaction and ethnic integration between the northern grassland ethnic culture and the Shang and Zhou bronze culture, which should first appear in the northern and northwest grassland ethnic regions of the middle and late Shang Dynasty, or the transitional area between the grassland ethnic groups and the farming ethnic groups, the late Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, with the conquest war and large-scale ethnic migration, the hanging bell style gradually spread to the Central Plains and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the late Western Zhou sycamore style still exists in the Jin State surrounded by Rong Di and the Zeng State located in the Jianghan Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, with the further development of the integration of the Chinese people and the Rongdi tribal peoples, the hanging bell bronze ware gradually disappeared.
In June 2019, excavations of LinShayu began again. The terrace where the Lin chayu site is located is a natural gully in the north and south, adjacent to the Yellow River in the west, and pottery pieces from the Xia Shang and Longshan periods can be seen on the surface. Located on the east side of the site, there is still a section of stone wall about 140 meters long, number q1. Linshayu Stone City was founded in the early Longshan period, abandoned in the late Longshan period, the Xia and Shang period has basically lost its defensive function, as for the stone city wall structure, site settlement layout and tomb age, etc., it needs to be further excavated to reveal. Thirteen tombs were found, all of which were vertical pit tombs with different tombs. M1, m2, m7 and m10 are deeper, and pig mandibles and bones are found in the fill soil at the foot of m2 and m7. The burial tools are a single coffin or upper and lower cover plates, with straight limbs on their backs, and it is speculated that the era is from the late Yongsan to the Xia period. The rest of the tombs disturb the soil layer is to see human bones, individual tombs have been destroyed, most of them do not see burial tools, except for m6 burial turquoise necklace 1 string, copper bubble 1 piece, copper earrings 2 pieces, the rest of the tombs have not found burial goods, speculated that the era is the Shang Period.
In August 1959, a batch of bronze ceremonial vessels were excavated from a tomb of a late Shang Dynasty nobleman in Taohuazhuang, Shayao Village Commune, Shilou Panluo Village Commune, Lüliang County, Shanxi, and the combination of bronze ware in the tomb was Ding 2, Yong 1, Gui 1, Yao 2, Jue 1, Xue 1, Ti liang Jie 1, Pot 1, Wan 1, Pan 2, Qiao 1, Dou 1, the tomb shape system and the combination of utensils were basically the same as those of the Late Shang Culture tombs in the Central Plains, and the owner of the tomb was probably a Yin Shang nobleman. One of the bronze hoops is tied to a bell under the foot, which is only decorated with thunder patterns on the circle foot, with a height of 32, a caliber of 18, a foot diameter of 8 cm, and a bell height of 4 cm. It is generally believed that the tomb is roughly dated to the late Shang period after Wuding. It is different from the Tomb of Baode. The latter has no stakes, 觚, 觚, 斝, 觥, 觥, 斗.
Analyze the excavations of Prudente
Ding two pieces
On the right is the plain face, with repair rivets, and the height is 29 cm
The upper left figure is Ding, the abdomen is decorated with three groups of gluttonous patterns, and there are vertical leaf triangles underneath. Ear height 23 centimeters
Mane-style ding. Endemic time: Late Shang Dynasty - Early Western Zhou Dynasty.
A pattern similar to that of a Dingwen clan in the tomb of Baodlin Chayu Village
Ti Liang Jie
Ti Liang Jie - See a clan emblem
Similar to 卣
The fang gray pattern found at the site of Linshayu in Baode County is a halberd
Fang Gray tattooed out of the halberd
One piece of bell head sword.
The whole body is slightly curved to one side, composed of the body, stem and first three parts, with a total length of 32 centimeters. There are several defect marks on the edge. It is 20 meters long and .45 centimeters at its widest point. The ridge bulges into a prismatic shape and runs through the stem of the sword straight to the head of the sword. The stem is 11 centimeters long, the stem is flattened, curvature is larger than the sword body, and there are four horizontal grooves on it. The head of the sword is flattened and rounded, with a firing-shaped perforation on the front and a built-in copper ball.
Excavated from 1956-1957 in the Western Zhou Tomb No. 206 of Zhangjiapo, Chang'an, Shaanxi, the sword is 27 cm long, and it is believed to be the oldest handle, which was made in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Shaped much like a slender willow leaf, the upper end of the two edges is straight, the lower end is slightly wider, and it is curved outwardly. The part where the handle of the sword is mounted is slightly thinner, and there are two round holes in the upper two chisels, probably honey for the wooden handle of the tie hole, similar to a short sword, and has also been excavated in Liulihe in Beijing and Zhuyuangou in Baoji, Shaanxi.
1961 Zhangjiapo excavated
Willow leaf sword
Early Western Zhou Dynasty Hollow snake-patterned sheathed sword Unearthed in 1972 to feel the Lingtai Baicao Slope
Fujian Museum Western Zhou Bronze Sword
Excavated in 1990 in the tomb of Yu Guo (虢季 Tomb) in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, the jade handle iron sword, the length of the sword is 20 cm, the stem length is 13 cm, belongs to the late Western Zhou Dynasty artifacts
Bao De Yu Chun
Two pieces. The shape is the same. Side length 7.5 x 8, inner diameter 6.4 cm, thickness 3.3 piece, piece 5.3 cm.
It is almost the same as the Jade Chun of the Western Zhou Tomb of Zhangjiapo.
Yu chun western zhou Shaanxi fengxi zhangjiapo cemetery
Baldrin shade copper beans
The mouth is pointed, deep disc, and the circle foot is decorated with three rectangular or cross-shaped cut-out holes, 10.4 cm high, 9.9 cm in diameter, and a copper ball is built into the circle foot
Gold bow ornament
Copper shells 10 9 pieces. Another 112 sea shells. Coexisting with the carriage and horse, it seems to be used as a reed ornament.
Baldur Haibei
Prudent Copper Shell
Baode copper shell
Archaeological discovery data map (sea shells decorated with harness reels), no bronze shells of harnesses are seen. 1 Hebei Xing tang ancient county Eastern Zhou ruins Che Ma Hang
Horses decorated with sea shells in the Chema Pit of the Eastern Zhou Ruins of The Ancient County of Hebei Province
2 Zibo Museum of Ancient Chinese Cars A large carriage and horse pit from the Spring and Autumn Period was discovered in Liguan Village, Qiling Town, during the construction of the Jiqing Expressway in July 1990. The martyred carriages and horses under the Jiqing Expressway have a span of 15 meters, and the carriage and horse pits are arranged in two rows from north to south, and the No. 1 pit is 32 meters long and 5 meters wide, with 10 cars and 32 horses.
Sea shells, arranged in the shape of persimmons, are strung together by textiles, called shellfish