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In April 2017, Dr. Zhu Xinxin, who studied aristolochia plants, took a trip to Yongtai, Fujian Province.
According to Dr. Zhu himself, he is a wonderful flower in the plant world, graduated from the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, once worked in the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, and now works at The Xinyang Normal College in Henan Province, in addition to teaching, following the blossoms all over the country to run wild, engaged in taxonomic research on aristolochia and marigolds. On this sampling trip, he first made a trip to Nankunshan, Guangdong Province, collected aristolochia austrochinensis in South China, and then rushed to Zhejiang non-stop to go to Taishun WuyanLing to collect different flower types of Nantou Wanshou bamboo (disporum nantouense). The next day we went to Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, the weather is clear, there is no cloud, the collection trip is also exceptionally smooth, once we enter the mountain, we have found three different flower types of Nantou Wanshou bamboo, which are very complete, and we are free from the trouble of sampling on Gutian Mountain. At the end of the day, Teacher Zhu expressed great satisfaction, and on the way back we talked about the protagonist of this article, aristolochia fujianensis.
Aristolochia is a plant, according to the general saying on the Internet, because its fruit resembles a small bell worn by a horse, so it is called a maduroy. However, according to the research, this statement is actually wrong, according to the "History of Wei Gongzi Biography", "and the Northern Realm Chuanju Feng", the "Ji Xie" quoted Han Wenying as "as a high wooden mallet, on the pole as an orange mallet, the orange mallet head pocket zero, with a salary in it, called the beacon." Often low, if there is a Kou, the fire will be burned to tell each other. The Later Han Shu Guangwu Ji (後汉書 Guangwu記) Jianwu 12th year "Xiu Feng Flint" quotes Guangya: "Pocket zero, cage also." It can be seen that the so-called "pocket zero" in Wen Ying's note is the iron cage of the ancient beacon tower burning firewood and grass, with a suspension rope. The fruit of the aristolochia is a capsule fruit, after ripening with six petals cracked, its fruit handle is also correspondingly split into six, it looks very similar to the ancient holding of firewood grass pocket zero, ancient commonly known as the object of the big horse, is to indicate that the aristolochia fruit is very large meaning, so the name of the aristolochia, should have been "maduroy zero", the later bell word is miswritten.
According to the Flora of China, aristolochia, about 350 species worldwide, are distributed in tropical and temperate regions. There are 39 kinds, 2 varieties and 3 variants produced in China, which are widely distributed in the provinces and regions of the north and south, but there are more in the southwest and southern regions. According to the continuous advancement of current research, new species of aristolochia are constantly being discovered, and the currently known aristolochia is between 60 and 80 species, and it is expected to exceed 100 species in the future. The Fujian aristolochia species, the model origin is collected from Fujian, in southern Zhejiang has also been collected. Since it published its new species in 1983, no one has ever photographed its flowers in decades, and the only pictures that can be found on the Internet are basically only pictures of leaves, which also casts a mysterious color on it.
Fujian Aristolochia ink line diagram
Teacher Zhu's next trip was to rush to Fuzhou overnight and look for The Fujian Horsebell the next day. After Wuyanling came out, we drove directly to Cangnan Station, got on the train to Fuzhou, and started the maduroy tour. Arriving in Fuzhou was about six o'clock, contacted the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University to do willow classification of Teacher He Li, together to visit the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University at night. Early the next morning, he met with Su Xiangxiu and Chen Binghua, and Teacher Su drove to the Distribution Point of Fujian Aristolochia in Yongtai County.
Teacher Su once rode through many provinces in China, walking all the way to see plants, and now recognizes plants in the wild and is also helping Chenshan Botanical Garden to collect plant specimens in East China. Teacher Chen, a teacher at Fujian Normal College, had seen quilt plants before and had recently become obsessed with moss. The two teachers have been searching for Fujian plants for many years, and they can be said to know Fujian plants very well. But even people like them who often run all over Fujian have never photographed the flowers of Fujian aristolochia. Our trip is still a little early, so can we still see the flowers of Fujian Aristolochia?
The car drove out of downtown Fuzhou and plunged headlong into the subtropical mountains. This mountain and river is a continuous, lush scene, like the hometown of Wenzhou, but the dimension here is more southern, the climate is more humid and hot, and the vegetation along the way also carries more tropical and subtropical components. Halfway we saw some plants such as ivy oil hemp vine, Fujian Tongquan grass, etc., got off the car and took a picture, and did not know how much distance was driven, constantly going up and down, the mountain road became narrower and narrower, and finally came to a small mountain village surrounded by mountains and waters, there was no way to drive, we got off the car and began to walk.
Like most mountain villages in Zhejiang, this small mountain village in the depths of the Yongtai Mountains is almost empty. Walking north along the path on the edge of the village, the vegetation is monotonous, some plants are common in the subtropics, the sun is fierce, the sun is shining in front of the white flowers, the mood jumps with the footsteps, and the two moods that may be seen and may not be seen are constantly switching, as the collection point marked on the trajectory of the predecessors is getting closer and closer, the suspense in the heart is gradually getting stronger and stronger!
Coming to an ancient tree, one after another musk butterflies fluttering, floating overhead, floating around, my heart moved, the host of the musk butterfly is a aristolochia plant, there is probably a large-scale aristolochia population here, right? Teacher Zhu's footsteps were strong, and he was not in the mood to look at the plants along the way, so he walked quickly in the direction of the collection point. I stopped and waited for the two teachers who were walking slowly behind me, and suddenly Teacher Chen shouted, "Fujian horse ringing!" Oops, there are flowers! ”
Aristolochia fujianensis Aristolochia fujianensis Genus Aristolochia
My heart was hanging in my throat, and I quickly shouted Teacher Zhu back. We quickly returned, walked down the mountain road into the grass, here is a taro field planted by farmers in the mountains, a large area of aristolochia wrapped around the field, this is Zhu Xinxin's soul haunted for several years in Fujian aristolochia! I can see that its leaves are heart-shaped, and there are white hairs on both sides, but the hairs on the back are a little thicker. And in the leaf axils bloomed a few flowers, the flower is like a cute little pipe, the flower cover is up to 3 cm long, the base is expanded spherical, about 4 mm in diameter, upward sharply narrowed into a long tube, the mouth of the tube is enlarged into a funnel-shaped, the outside is densely covered with long white soft hairs, green and purple longitudinal stripes. One side of the eaves is extremely short, and the other side extends upwards into a tongue piece, the tongue is ovate lanceolate, 8–16 mm long, the apex extends 1–1.5 cm long and the tip of the tail is curved, dark purple, with longitudinal veins. Although the time is a little early, only a dozen flowers have bloomed, but this is the first time that someone has seen the flowers of Fujian Aristolochia! For a moment, everyone was silent, and immediately and lively threw themselves into the work of shooting and collecting.
The flowers of the aristolochia are very distinctive, and its pollinators are insects of the family Lisophyllaceae, and the pollination process is extremely interesting: on the inner wall of the thin middle of the flower tube, it is covered with downward upside-down spiny hairs. When the flowers bloom, they emit a strong special smell, and small insects such as mosquitoes and flies attracted by the smell crawl through the wide nozzle to find food. Due to the action of the inverted hair, the worm can only enter and cannot exit, and eventually reach the lower part of the flower that is expanded by the tube. If the visiting insect already has pollen from another flower of the same plant, the pollen of the cross-flower will be passed to the pistil stigma because the pistil matures before the stamens. However, at this time, the insects that have completed the pollination task are still trapped in the lower part of the flower tube due to the obstruction of the inverted hairs. Only after a day or two, the stamens of the flower matured, and the pollen released by the anthers stuck to the insect body, and the hairs on the inner wall of the middle of the flower dried out and atrophied, lifting the "confinement" of the insects. So the pollen-carrying worm escapes from the trap, but soon after will be attracted by the smell of another flower, and continues to be recruited, helping them complete the mission of "matchmaker".
After picking the Fujian aristolochia, everyone relaxed and went down the mountain, and then went to a low-altitude canyon to turn around, saw guangxi crossing yellow, Yongtai skullcap, large flower stone on the lotus and other beautiful flowers, walked to the end of the canyon, found a suspected mountain fragrant round plant, everyone was in a happy mood, together a photo, ended the trip to the aristolochia.
On the way to collect aristolochia, I also saw many other plants, the following are some wildflowers photographed in Taishun WuyanLing:
Fern leaf herringbone dichocarpum dalzielii ranun family herringbone fruit genus
Koyasan dragon head grass meehania montis-koyae labialaceae
Short-spined tiger thorn damnacanthus giganteus Rubiaceae tiger thorn genus
Nantou marigold bamboo disporum nantouense Lily family Marigold bamboo genus
Caudigerum asarum caudigerum genus Thyramine
Hook-pitched shrimp ridge orchid calanthe graciliflora Orchid family Shrimp ridge orchid genus
Taiwan monocostifolia pleione formosana Orchid family Monocosidae
Ficus leaf holly ilex ficoidea Holly genus Holly of the family Hollyidae
Viola chaerophylloides Viola chaerophylloides Viola family Viola is a genus of viola in the viola family
Long-stemmed grass carex glossostigma Sedge family
Tibetan grass carex thibetica Sedge family
Lampstand lotus arisaema bockii genus Asteraceae
Purple maple acer cordatum Maple maple genus
Here are some wildflowers photographed in The Yongtai Mountain District of Fujian Province:
Ivy oil hemp vine mucuna sempervirens legume oil hemp vine genus
Lily of the greater flower oreocharis maximowiczii genus of Pyrrhus spp
Locust Seven chirita fimbrisepala genus Licosidae
Scutellaria scutellaria inghokensis Scutellaria Scutellaria of the family Scutellaria
Fujian Tongquan grass mazus fukienensis Genus Tongquan grass in the family Xuanshenaceae
Guangxi crossing yellow lysimachia alfredii primrose family pearlacea genus
Taiwan Shan XiangYuan turpinia formosana Province Gu Oil Family Fan Xiang Yuan genus
See Hemoglobin liparis nervosa orchidaceae
Plow tip typhonium blumei Genus Plow tip in the family Astronaceae
Glandular leaf cinnamon cherry Laurocerasus phaeosticta Genus Cinnamomycephalus in the family Rosaceae
Aplosonyx ancora eats small holes in the leaves of the Apo firefly aperaceae
Dr. Zhu's work photos
Group photo in front of Taiwanese mountain fragrant round trees
Note: This article was first published in the 2017 issue of Man and Nature magazine, 08, with deletions.
ps.All plant lovers have doubtful photos of aristolochia bells can be sent to me and can be forwarded to Dr. Zhu for identification!
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<b>The author of this article, "Broken Intestines In Brushing Teeth", now lives in Dali, has published 41 original texts, and is still active in the Douban community. Download Douban app search user "broken intestines in brushing teeth" to pay attention to ta. </b>