The dove is a general term for the pigeon-shaped order Pigeon, belonging to the chordate Phylum Ornithischia pigeon, which is smaller than the domestic pigeon, so it is often called dove to distinguish it from the pigeon.
<h3>Euclidean dove</h3>
The scientific name is Stapletelia turtur
Morphology (based on specimens taken in Xinjiang)
Male adults have dark gray-stained blue on the top of their heads and hind necks; black patches on the left and right sides of their lower necks, with white margins on each feather; and upper back
Light brown with a light brown end margin; lower back, waist and upper tail feathers, but darker brown; central tail feathers are dark brown with white narrow ends; the rest of the tail feathers are black with white end spots, which gradually widen to the outer tail feathers, and turn pure white to the outermost tail feathers; shoulder feathers, small coverts, and medial mid and secondary fly feathers are all dark brown, and the base of the feathers has black-brown triangular spots; the large covert pigeon gray; the flying feathers, primary coverts and winglet feathers are all dark brown, and each feather has a brown outer edge except for the winglet feathers. The chin, throat and head sides are light wine white, the middle of the throat is a few pure white, to the chest turns dark wine, and then gradually becomes white; the sides of the abdomen are pale gray; the armpit feathers are dark gray.
Female adult birds are not as bright as males; the head is brown.
The iris is orange-red; the mouth is gray-black; the tarsal body is red and purple, and the claws are brown.
Distinguishing features Dark grey on the top of the head, black patches on both sides of the lower neck with white margins, and brown on the inner coverts and flight feathers, with dark brown triangular spots at the base.
Habitat This dove is rare in Xinjiang and inhabits the vicinity of agricultural oases. According to Qian Yanwen et al. (1965), 5 bird stomachs were dissected during the breeding season, including 3 pure corn, 1 with mulberry in the stomach, and nearly 100 sesame seeds and several grains of wheat in the stomach of the remaining 1 bird. A nest was found on 15 June in a willow tree, about 2 meters above the ground; there was only 1 egg in the nest. On 25 June, another nest was found, with only 1 egg. The eggs are white and shiny, with an average size (3 eggs) of 3.23 × 2.29 cm. On July 31, 1975, Zheng Guangmei of Beijing Normal University found a nest in Wensu, Xinjiang, located on a young poplar tree near his home, 3 meters above the ground. The nest is made of dead branches and is poorly woven. The inner diameter of the nest is 12×13, the outer diameter is 20×20, and the depth is 3 cm. 2 full of eggs, pure white. The egg weight was 6.4 and 7.5 g, and the egg diameter was 28.5×22.0, 29.3×23.2 mm, respectively.
<h3>Mountain dove</h3>
The scientific name is Streptopelia orientalis
Mountain dove
Morphology (based on nominated subspecies specimens collected in Beijing)
Adult birds are similar to males and females. The head and neck are greyish brown with a wine-grey color, with more blue-grey on the forehead and the top of the head; a black feather with a blue-gray margin on each side of the base of the neck; a brown upper back with reddish-brown margins; a blue-gray lower back and waist; a brown and grey tail feather with a pure gray end; a brown central tail feather with a grey end; a darker browner tail feather with a broader grey end; a grayish white outer feather on the outer side of the outer tail feather; a shoulder feather and an inner flight feather that are black brown with a reddish margin; and a dark slate gray with a paler end of the outer mid-cover feather and a large covert feather The feathers are dark brown with a faint narrow margin. The underparts are reddish-brown of wine, the throat is yellowish pink, the abdomen is pale gray, the two ribs, axillary feathers and undertail coverts are all blue-gray, and the undertail coverts are lighter.
The iris is orange; the mouth is dark lead blue; the tarsal is more or less magenta, and the claw horns are brown
Identifying Features The body shape is more general than that of the general spotted dove, with a total length of 330 mm. The upperparts are mostly brown ; there are black patches of blue-grey on both sides of the base of the neck ; the shoulder feathers have a pronounced reddish-brown margin ; the tail end is grayish white ; and the underparts are mainly reddish brown of wine.
The ecology inhabits tree-rich areas, either in hills, at the foot of mountains, or in plains. During the breeding season, it is mostly in the mountains and migrates to the plains in winter. It is often grouped and is also seen in mixed groups with bead-necked doves.
The call is low, like a cloud "coo coo—co coo coo", which is repeated several times. The singing is frequent during the breeding season and can be transliterated as a piece of music as above (according to Hemmingsen, 1973).
Foraging is mostly on the ground in the woods, or in farmland. Food is mainly plant-based, including weed seeds, young leaves and fruits of plants, crop seeds such as sorghum, rice, wheat seeds, millet, nightshade seeds, etc. In the stomach of a bird in Baiyangdian, Hebei Province, 31 lepidoptera larvae were found, weighing a total of 2 grams.
The bird eats part of the grain that is scattered on the ground, partly from the plant, or possibly from the soil from which the seed was sown. Due to the gluttony of grains, it has caused some damage to crops. Its meat is delicious and edible, and it can be hunted.
<h3>Grey-spotted dove</h3>
The scientific name is Streptopelia decaocto
The morphology (according to the nominate subspecies specimen collected from southern Shaanxi) is grey in the foreground and gradually turns backwards to light pink gray; a half-moon-shaped black collar is lined across the base of the hind neck, the anterior edge is gray, and the posterior edge is gray, but not significant; the small coverts on the back, waist, shoulders and wings are pale grape color; the tail covert feathers are the same, but the longer ones are gray, the same color as the central tail feathers; the outer tail feathers are gray to gray-white and have a black feather base; the upper wing coverts are mostly blue-gray; the flying feathers are black brown, and the inner primary flight feathers are gray. The chin and throat are white , the rest of the underparts are grey , the thorax is pink , and the two ribs and undertail coverts turn blue-grey.
The iris is red, the eyelid margin is also red, the naked part around the eyes is white or gray; the mouth is nearly black; the tarsal and toes are dark pink, and the claws are black.
Distinguishing features Slightly smaller in size than the mountain dove; the upper body is mostly light grape brown, with a half-moon black collar on the back of the neck; the lower body is light dove gray, and the thorax is pink.
Ecology The nominate subspecies in southern Shaanxi often inhabits plains or foothills among trees, and often flies to cultivated areas to forage for food. The number is very small, often forming small groups mixed with other species of doves. In terms of diet, he analyzed the stomachs of 11 birds in April, June, August, and September, and contained all the food of plant quality, mainly cultivated crops, including wheat (8 times), peas (1 time), rapeseed (1 time) and wild fruits.
In Xinjiang, what was eaten from the stomachs of 14 birds was found to be purely plant-based, most of which were crop seeds, such as corn (9 times, up to 42 grains), wheat (3 times, up to 107 grains), melon seeds (3 times, up to 12 grains), alfalfa, hemp seeds (2 times each), rapeseed and soybeans (1 time each, soybeans up to more than 20 grains); there were 3 birds with weed seeds in their stomachs.
The call is "coo-coo, coo-roo", 7 consecutive times (Wilder and Hubbard, 1938), or "coo coo-oo coo", which can be transcribed to the following music (Hemmingsen, 1973):
The nests are flattened with tiny branches, like other doves, placed among trees or bushes, sometimes on buildings. Zheng Guangmei of Beijing Normal University picked a nest on June 18, 1975, on an elm tree in an orchard, 7 meters above the ground, like a dead branch. The inner diameter of the nest is 13, the outer diameter is 20×25, and the depth is 3.5 cm. There are 2 eggs in the nest. The egg weight was 7.8 and 7.5 g, and the egg diameter was 28.5× 23.6, 31.6× 24.3 mm, respectively.
<h3>Bead-necked dove</h3>
Scientific name Streptopelia chinensis
Quoted from the Chinese Zoological Database
Morphology (based on nominate subspecies specimens collected from Beijing)
Male adults Pale grey on the forehead and the front of the head, and the rest of the head and even the back of the head are pigeon grey and a wine-stained pink; the base of the hind neck and on both sides have a broad black collar, and the black feathers are white or yellowish-white at the ends, which are spotted; the remainder of the upper body is brown with a lighter feather margin; the central tail feathers are the same color as the back, but darker; the outer tail feathers are black, and the end is broad white spots; the wing margins and the outer small coverts and middle coverts are blue-gray, and the rest of the covert feathers are lighter than the back; the flight feathers are dark brown, the feather margins are lighter; the chin is nearly white; the head, throat, The thorax and abdomen are the pink color of wine; the two sides and armpits and undertail coverts are gray.
Females are similar in color to males, but not as bright as the latter.
The iris is brown; the mouth is dark brown; the tarsal and toes are purple-red, and the claw horns are brown.
Distinguishing features The head is pigeon grey; the upper body is mostly brown, while the lower body is pink; the hind neck has a broad black feather collar with yellow or even white bead-like spots; and the lateral tail feathers are black and brown, and the end is white, which is very prominent when the tail is extended.
Ecology usually inhabits tree-rich meadows, in rural farmland, or near homes. They often form small flocks, sometimes mixed with mountain doves and other doves, stopping in trees or foraging on the ground, and immediately flying to nearby trees when frightened. When flying, the wings flap faster than the mountain dove; the flight is very fast, but it is not long-lasting.
The song is loud and slightly higher pitched than the mountain dove. Bows when chirping, like any other dove. Sounds such as "ku-ku-u-ou", called more than ten times a minute in a row, sometimes adding a "ku" at the end. According to Hemmingsen (1973), the dove has six different calls: (1) tootoo toorr too (about 1.3 seconds), (2) too troorr, (3) too troorr too, (4) too-too troorr, (5) too troorr troorr too, (6) troorr troorr trroo", which is often heard in the morning and evening.
Food is almost entirely plant-based. We analyzed the stomachs of 52 birds in southern Shaanxi from April to October, and the results showed that except for insect fragments in the stomach of one bird, the rest of the birds' stomachs were all plant-based substances, including rice (13 times), wheat (11 times), corn (8 times), mung beans (5 times), sorghum (2 times), soybeans (2 times), peas (2 times), black beans (1 time), millet (1 time), rapeseed (1 time) and weed seeds.
Li Guiyuan et al. (1985) examined the stomachs of 43 birds in Sichuan, of which, except for 3 birds found to feed on maggots and snails in March and April, the food of the remaining birds was plant-based, including rice (22 times), wheat and corn (10 times each), rapeseed (9 times), peas (5 times); as well as beans, sweet potatoes, sesame seeds, etc. There were no significant differences in food throughout the year. Wu Zhikang et al. (1986) have examined the stomachs of 19 birds in Guizhou Province, and their contents are mainly crops.
Nests are usually placed on trees or between short bushes and bushes. In the south, its nest has also been found above the leaves of the agave and in the cracks in the rocks on the mountain edge. The nest is a flat disc with sparse branches, with an outer diameter of about 32 × 42 and an inner diameter of about 8×8.5 cm, and often lays 2 eggs in a nest. The nest is generally about 2 meters above the ground. The eggs are white, slightly shiny, oval in shape, and sometimes slightly pointed at one end. The average egg size is 28.7 × 20.8 mm. Both male and female participate in the incubation of the eggs, and the hatching takes about 18 days. Both parents participate in the feeding of the chicks.
<h3>Brown Spotted Dove</h3>
The scientific name is Streptopelia senegalensis
Morphology (mainly according to Baker, 1928) the head and neck are pale pink; the sides of the neck base have black patches mixed with brown feathers, which are very obvious; the inner coverts and flight feathers on the back, shoulders, and wings, the waist, the tail covert feathers and the central tail feathers are light earthy brown, sometimes stained brown; the outer tail feathers are grayish brown with white ends, and the base of the outer tail feathers becomes black, and the ends are mostly white; the covert feathers on the wings are mostly gray-brown; the wing margins and winglet feathers are black brown; the flight feathers are dark stone, the feather margins are lighter; the chest chestnut turns pink, The mid-ventral and subtail coverts are white ; the axillary and axillary feathers are grey.
The iris and outer orbit are dark brown, the inner orbit is white, the mouth is dark brown or nearly black, and the tarsal and toes are deep flesh and pale pink.
It is distinguished by a small gray-brown spotted dove with black patches of brown on both sides of the base of the neck; a pink breast; and a black outer tail feather with a more white end.
Ecology is a resident bird, but it moves vertically depending on the food situation and the season, running quickly and briskly, and foraging is often on the ground. The food is mainly plant seeds, fruits and shoots. The call is rich in phonology, resembling a cloud "cǒǒǒ, cǒǒ-ǒǒ, cǒǒrǒǒcǒǒ-cǒǒǒ cǒcoo, or ǒǒ-gǒǒǒǒǒcroo" (according to Goodwin 1973), like laughter, hence the name laughing dove, significantly different from its spotted dove.
Most of them inhabit deserts, semi-deserts, oases and dwarf trees.
This article is edited by headline wikipedia user 3374851192446 and non-secular participation.