The Office of the Steering Committee for the Construction of Spiritual Civilization of the Ministry of Water Resources organized the selection of "famous people in historical water management". After data collation, research and analysis, solicitation of opinions, online voting, expert review, etc., and reported to the party group of the ministry for approval, a number of "historical water control celebrities" were announced.
Historical water celebrities
Da Yu Sun Shu Ao Ximen Leopard Li Bing
Wang Jing Ma Zhen Jiang Shidu Su Shi
Guo Shoujing Pan Ji Taming Lin Ze Xu Li Yi Zhi
Do you know these water celebrities? What are their experiences in water treatment? Here's what I'm going to say...
Dayu
Yu, according to legend, was born more than 2000 BC, with the surname 姒 and the name Wenming, also known as Dayu and Emperor Yu. Dayu Zhishui is known as the origin of Chinese civilization and laid the foundation for the founding of the Xia Dynasty.
According to legend, there was a nationwide flood in Yu's era. The Shang Shu Yao Dian (尚書· Yao Dian) says: "The Tang Tang floods and cuts, swings the Huaishan Xiangling Tomb, the vast and the mighty, and the people consult with them." The monstrous flood made the people miserable, so Emperor Yao ordered Cang (Yu's father) to control the flood, and Cang adopted the method of "defending against hundreds of rivers and falling high (low)", which lasted for nine years without success. Yu Zi inherited his father's business and was ordered to continue to take on the heavy responsibility of water control, he summed up and learned the lessons of water control, put forward the water control strategy of changing blockage to dredging and guiding according to the situation, which lasted for thirteen years and finally succeeded in water control. While controlling the water, Yu also divided the world into Kyushu, sorted out the list of mountains and rivers, and formulated a tribute system based on the customs and properties of different regions. The "Shang Shu Yu Gong" says: "Yu Bei Jiu Zhou, follow the mountains and rivers, and make tribute to the soil", which is also the earliest geographical cognition of ancient China.
Dayu Zhishui embodies the Spirit of the Chinese Nation of Not Fearing Hardships and Dangers, Arduous Struggle, and the Spirit of Water Conservancy Work of Being Public and Selfless, Innovating and Seeking Truth. For thousands of years, Dayu Zhishui has been one of the important spiritual totems of Chinese civilization and has had a wide influence in the world.
Sun Shu'ao
Sun Shu'ao (c. 630–593 BC), surnamed 蔿,名敖, also spelled Sun Shu , was a native of Qisi Town, Huaibin County, Henan , who served as Lingyin of the Chu State and was a famous water conservancer, politician and military figure during the Spring and Autumn Period.
In 605 BC, Sun Shu'ao presided over the construction of the Qisi Yanlou Irrigation District, which was later called "Baili Do Not Seek Heaven Irrigation District"; in 597 BC, he presided over the construction of China's earliest water storage irrigation project - Qianpi, making the area around Jinshou County a granary of the Chu State, and the Qing Dynasty scholar Gu Zuyu called Qianpi "the foundation of Huainan Tianfu". In the "Monument of Sun Shu Ao Temple", he was evaluated: "Propagating the river valley, the source of the barrier, irrigating Woze, embankment Lake Pu, thinking that it is a pond swamp." The beauty of the heavens and the earth, the benefits of the nine zeals. ”
Sun Shu'ao's life for the country and the people, bowing to the best, scientific water management, the courage to innovate, Mao Zedong once called him "a great water conservancy expert."
Simon Leopard
Ximen Leopard (date of birth and death unknown), surname Ximen, famous leopard, was a Wei person during the Warring States period, a famous water conservancy and politician.
During the reign of Ximen Leopard renye (present-day Linzhang County, Hebei Province), seeing that the countryside was desolate and sparsely populated, he decided to divert water to irrigate the fields and develop agriculture. Through investigation, Ximen Leopard learned that the gentry and witches there colluded and fabricated stories of Hebo marrying relatives to endanger the people. Therefore, before the construction of the project, Ximen Leopard was determined to first break down superstitions, punish evil and eliminate evil, mobilize the masses, and then investigate the terrain, scientific planning, organize the excavation of the twelve canals, divert the water of the Zhanghe River to irrigate and improve farmland, increase grain production, and have a far-reaching impact on regional social and economic development. The Book of Rivers and Canals records that "Ximen Leopard diverted the water to flood the river and enriched the Hanoi of Wei".
Ximen Leopard water control adheres to the scientific spirit, fully considers the characteristics of Zhangshui and sediment, follows the law of the river and guides its utilization, which still has very important reference significance.
Li Bing
Li Bing (born and died unknown), circa 256 BC – 250 BC, was a famous water conservancy figure during the Warring States period.
During Li Bing's tenure as Shu Shou, he presided over the construction of the famous Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. The "Book of History and Canals" says: "Shu Shou ice chiseled away from the pile, removed the harm of foam water, and penetrated the two rivers and Chengdu", turning the Chengdu Plain into a country of heaven where "water and drought follow people" and "fertile wilderness is thousands of miles". According to the "Huayang Guozhi Shuzhi" record, in addition to building the Dujiangyan water conservancy project, Li Bing also dug beaches in the territory of present-day Yibin and Leshan, dredged waterways, and built irrigation and shipping projects such as the Wenjing River, the Baimu River, Luoshui, and Mianshui, thus making pioneering contributions to the development of water conservancy in Sichuan.
Li Bing's construction of Dujiangyan fully embodies the concept of respecting nature, guiding according to the situation, and adapting to local conditions, and through the rational layout of the project, a series of technical problems such as water distribution, water diversion, flood discharge, and sand discharge have been successfully solved with the minimum amount of engineering, reflecting the traditional water management philosophy of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and Dujiangyan has thus become a model of the world's greatest water conservancy project and ecological water conservancy project.
Wang Jing
Wang Jing (c. 30-85 AD), also known as Zhongtong, a native of Jimo County, Shandong, was a famous water conservancy expert during the Eastern Han Dynasty, and successively served as a river embankment guru, Xuzhou Thorn History, Lujiang Taishou and so on.
Since the second major diversion of the Yellow River in 11 AD, the Yellow River has been flowing for decades. In 69 AD, Emperor Ming agreed to Wang Jing's proposal, sending hundreds of thousands of troops to rule the river under Wang Jing's presidency. Wang Jing systematically built a levee on both sides of the Yellow River from Xingyang to Qiancheng Estuary for more than a thousand miles, and separated the Canal from the Yellow River. After Wang Jingzhi River, the Yellow River was relatively peaceful for nearly eight hundred years. Later, during his tenure as Taishou of Lujiang, Wang Jing also repaired Qianpi and developed agriculture, and not long after, the territory was rich and grain was abundant.
Wang Jing was loyal to the water conservancy cause he loved, scientific planning, detailed investigation, seeking truth from facts, formulated a complete and feasible river control plan and achieved good implementation results. The historical contribution of Wang Jingzhihe has long been highly praised, and it is said that "Wang Jingzhihe is unharmed for a thousand years".
Ma Zhen
Ma Zhen (88-141 AD), zi shuxian, a native of Xingping, Shaanxi, was a famous water conservancy expert during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In 140 AD, Ma Zhen presided over the construction of the Jian Lake Project, which stretched from the Puyang River in the west to the 127-mile-long Lake embankment of the Cao'e River in the east, to block the water of many rivers and streams originating from the foothills of Huiji Mountain on the south side, forming a surrounding 310-mile Jianhu Reservoir, supplemented by engineering facilities such as Doumen, Gate, Culvert, and Weir, so that the Jian Lake Water Conservancy Project has comprehensive benefits such as flood control, irrigation, shipping, and urban water supply. The construction of Jian Lake is a milestone in the history of water conservancy development in Shaoxing Plain. The book "Miscellaneous Knowledge of Yuezhong" once commented: "(Shaoxing) is a tidal area, and after Matthew Shou built a dam and a pond, it became a promised land." However, because of the beginning of the creation of the lake, many mansions were flooded, and Ma Zhen was punished by Haoqiang.
Ma Zhen built a water conservancy project of global significance for the first time on the Eastern Zhejiang Plain. Jian Lake was completed, comprehensively transformed the Shanhui Plain, the benefits are huge, and the future generations will be displaced.
Jiang Shidu
Jiang Shidu (c. 653-723 AD), a native of Wei County, Hebei Province, successively served as Danling Wei, Longgang Ling, Yizhou, Cangzhou, Tongzhou and other places, and achieved remarkable water conservancy achievements.
The Old Book of Tang says: "Shi Du is diligent in government, has ingenuity, and knows the benefits of ditches." In 705 AD, Jiang Shidu opened the Pingyu Canal along the coast of Jizhou to transport grain; in 707 AD, he opened the Zhangjia River drainage in Jingcheng County, Beizhou, and then drained the Water Channel in Cangzhou Qingchi County into the Mao River and the Zhanghe River respectively; in 714 AD, he opened a drainage canal in Huayin County, Huazhou; in 716 AD, he built the Li custom and Luowen irrigation canals in Zheng County and built embankments to prevent floods; in 719 AD, in Chaoyi and Hexi Counties, he built canals to divert Luo water and yellow river water to irrigate Lingpi, irrigating 2,000 hectares of land.
Jiang Shidu paid attention to the construction of water conservancy in every place, which was a place for the government and the side of water management, which effectively promoted the development of water conservancy at that time.
Su shi
Su Shi (1037-1101 AD), zi zhan, dongpo resident, a native of Meishan City, Sichuan, was a famous writer and politician during the Northern Song Dynasty.
In 1077 AD, the Yellow River broke through cao village in Liaozhou, and the flood surrounded the city of Xuzhou, and Su Shi, who was then the governor of Xuzhou, led the army and people to resist the flood, build the city wall, and build the Yellow River wooden bank project. In 1089 AD, Su Shi presided over the repair of the six wells during his tenure as the Taishou of Hangzhou to solve the water problem of Hangzhou residents; at the same time, he led the military and civilians to vigorously dredge the West Lake, and built a long causeway through the West Lake with the roots and silt dug out, which was called "Su Causeway" by later generations. In addition to actively participating in the practice of water control, Su Shi also wrote water conservancy works such as "Records of River Prevention in Xining", "The Law of Yu's Passage of Water", and "The Record of the Six Wells of Qiantang".
Su Shi linked the water conservancy industry with the rise and fall of the country. In the long-term practice of water control, seeking truth from facts, adapting measures to local conditions, and adhering to scientific water management made important contributions to the cause of water conservancy construction at that time.
Guo Shoujing
Guo Shoujing (1231-1316 AD), also known as Ruosi, was a native of Xingtai, Hebei, an outstanding scientist of the Yuan Dynasty, who was especially good at water conservancy and astronomical almanac.
In his lifetime, Guo Shoujing treated hundreds of canals and weirs, especially for the restoration of the Ningxia Yellow Irrigation District and the planning and communication of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In 1264, Guo Shoujing went to Ningxia and repaired the TangLai, Hanyan and other ten trunk canals and 68 branch canals in the Yellow River irrigation area, and irrigated more than 90,000 hectares of land, making the Ningxia Plain a "Saiwai Jiangnan". In 1271, Guo Shoujing was promoted to the post of Metropolitan Water Supervisor and in charge of water conservancy construction throughout the country. In order to realize the completion of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, he carried out systematic survey and scientific planning, and successively presided over the construction of the Huitong River and the Tonghui River, and the Yuanming and Qing Grand Canals from Ningbo in the south to Dadu in the north were basically formed.
Guo Shoujing respects science, governs according to the law, has the courage to take responsibility for dedication, pays attention to field investigation, continuously innovates on the basis of the original water conservancy, and has made remarkable achievements in the cause of water conservancy in his lifetime.
Pan Ji Tame
Pan Jitao (1521-1595 AD), also known as Shi Liang , Yinchuan , a native of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, was a famous hydraulic scientist of the Ming Dynasty, and successively served as Shangshu of the Ministry of Works and The Imperial History of the Prime Minister Of Hedao.
Pan Jitao served four times during the Jiajing and Wanli years as the prime minister of the river and the imperial history, responsible for the management of the Yellow River and the canal for more than ten years. During the period of the premier river, he changed the strategy of diverting the downstream to kill the situation and spending more on the river in the early Ming Dynasty, focusing on the sandy characteristics of the Yellow River, put forward the theory of attacking sand with water and storing and cleaning up the yellow, and accordingly planned a set of flood control engineering systems of the Yellow River, including the wisp, the yaodi, and the grid embankment, as well as the four defenses and two defenses flood prevention and rescue repair system, in order to achieve water to control water and water to control sand, comprehensively solve the problems of yellow, Huai, and transportation, which also became the river management strategy pursued by the Qing Dynasty. To a certain extent, it has also played a significant role. Pan Jitao also wrote water conservancy works such as "Two Rivers Pipe View" and "River Defense List".
Pan Jitao took water control as his own responsibility, boldly innovated and systematically planned, summed up the understanding of the relationship between water and sand in the Yellow River by his predecessors, and had an important historical impact on the control of Yellow River in later generations.
Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (1785-1850 AD), ziyuanfu, late name Qiancun old man, Fujian Fuzhou, Famous Politician, Thinker and Water Control Figure of the Qing Dynasty.
Lin Zexu has served as an official in 13 provinces in the past 40 years, from the Haihe River in the north to the Pearl River in the south, from the Taihu Lake Basin in the southeast to the Ili River in the northwest, all of which have left his footprints in controlling water. In 1820 AD, Lin Zexu was appointed as the military preparation road of Hangjia Lake, and at the beginning of his term of office, he realized that the Haitang project was the key to ensuring the production and life of the coastal area, and began to strengthen the haitang, and also specially required that "the new pond quarrying must be firm"; in 1837, during the term of governor of Huguang, he focused on repairing the jingjiang section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the embankments of the lower reaches of the Han River. In 1841, Lin Zexu was killed by Yili, and he led the water conservancy Tuntian, responsible for the construction of the most arduous canal head project in the water conservancy construction of Huiyuan City, and vigorously promoted the "Karez Well" in Toxon.
Lin Zexu realized that water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture, and the revitalization and destruction of water conservancy is related to the fate of the country and the livelihood of the people. Lin Zexu Zhishui pays attention to in-depth reality, adapts measures to local conditions, and implements scientific policies, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of water conservancy undertakings.
Li Yizhi
Li Yizhi (1882-1938 AD), a native of Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province, was a famous hydraulic scientist and water conservancy educator in modern China, and successively served as a professor at Nanjing Hehai Engineering College, director of Shaanxi Water Conservancy Bureau, chairman of North China Committee, and chairman of Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee.
During his study in Germany, Mr. Li Yizhi witnessed the development of water conservancy in European countries, and was very emotional about the decadence of water conservancy in China at that time, and was determined to revitalize the water conservancy cause and serve the development of the country. At the beginning of his return to China in the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915 AD), Li Yizhi first served as a professor of river and sea engineering, focusing on cultivating water conservancy talents. In the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922 AD), Li Yizhi served as the director of the Shaanxi Provincial Water Conservancy Bureau, and successively proposed the construction of the Guanzhong Bahui Project. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932 AD), the Jinghui Canal was completed, and 500,000 mu of farmland was irrigated that year, and the Zhengguo Canal was revitalized, and other projects of Bahui were also implemented successively. Li Yizhi has long been committed to the study of the governance of the Yellow River, and he advocated that the management of the Yellow River should pay equal attention to the upper, middle and lower reaches, and take into account flood control, shipping, irrigation and hydropower, which has pushed forward the theory and strategy of China's management of the Yellow River by a big step, and has also made outstanding contributions to the development of water conservancy science and technology.
Mr. Li Yizhi is one of the key figures in the transition stage of China's water conservancy from tradition to modernity, and is known as the "founder of modern and contemporary water conservancy in China".
The source | the Civilization Office of the Ministry of Water Resources
Find reporters, reports, ask for help, major application markets download the "Qilu One Point" app or search for weChat Mini Program "One Point Intelligence Station", more than 600 mainstream media reporters in the province are waiting for you to report online! I'm going to report it