Macro elements are elements that account for more than 0.01% of body weight in the organism. Such elements account for a large proportion of the body, and the organism needs more. It is an essential element in the composition of an organism.
There are about 70 kinds of trace elements, which refer to elements in the human body that are lower than 0.01% to 0.005% of the human body, including iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, fluorine and so on.
1. Calcium (ca)
Calcium is one of the most abundant mineral elements in the human body, and the normal function of tissues and organs regulating various systems of the human body depends on its existence. Calcium is an indispensable and important element of brain neuron metabolism, can ensure strong brain power, cool head and improve people's judgment, affect people's emotions, sufficient calcium can inhibit the abnormal excitement of brain nerves, so that people remain calm.
2. Magnesium (mg)
Magnesium calms the central nervous system, helps eliminate tension during menstruation in women, and reduces psychological stress. Magnesium deficiency can lead to a variety of headaches, including light intolerance, sound intolerance and other additional symptoms.
3、Zinc(zn)
Zinc is an important trace element of the human hippocampal gyrus (the hippocampal gyrus is located at the center of the human brain's control of learning and memory activities, mainly responsible for the formation and storage of long-term memories), and is related to memory and intelligence. Breast milk may be more conducive to the growth of the baby, intellectual development and improvement of psychological quality, which is related to the absorption of zinc.
4、 Iron (fe)
Iron is the most abundant trace element in the human body, mainly in the form of iron porphyrin complexes (heme), which is generally considered to have the greatest effect on breathing. Iron as the main component of hemoglobin, because high-valent iron and low-cost iron are easy to transform each other, redox reaction is rapid, becoming the material with the best oxygen delivery capacity.
5、 Potassium (k)
Potassium can regulate the appropriate osmotic pressure and acid-base balance of body fluids in cells, and participate in the metabolism of sugars and proteins in cells. Helps maintain nerve health, a normal heartbeat, prevents stroke, and assists in normal muscle contractions. Potassium has a hypotensive effect when high sodium intake leads to high blood pressure.
6、钠(na)
Sodium is the main positively charged ion in the extracellular fluid, which participates in the metabolism of water, ensures the balance of water in the body, and regulates the water and osmolality in the body. Maintaining a balance of acids and bases in the body, sodium is a component of pancreatic juice, bile, sweat and tears. Sodium is related to muscle movement, cardiovascular function, energy metabolism, in addition, sugar metabolism, oxygen utilization also needs to be involved in sodium.
7、碘（i）
Iodine deficiency is one of the known causes of intellectual disability in humans. According to the survey, 80% of the more than 10 million people with intellectual disabilities in China are caused by iodine deficiency. The lack of iodine in food can cause a certain amount of psychological tension, leading to a poor mental state. However, supplementation with large doses of iodine can cause thyroid dysfunction.
8、硒(se)
Selenium is an essential element in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones, and when selenium deficiency causes a decrease in thyroid function, which leads to the occurrence of depression. As a trace element needed by the human body, selenium plays an important role in preventing cancer, fighting cancer, preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and is a trace element necessary for maintaining human health.
9、Copper(cu)
Copper is one of the essential trace elements of the human body and participates in human life activities. Both humans and animals need copper to create red blood cells and hemoglobin, which is associated with the metabolism of blood, and copper is an activator of hemoglobin, involved in the metabolism of many enzymes. Copper deficiency can cause anemia, cardiovascular damage, coronary heart disease, brain disorders, ulcers, arthritis and other conditions.
10、Manganese(mn)
Violently involved in the hematopoietic process and plays a role in the early stages of the embryo. In patients with various anemias, manganese is mostly reduced, and in areas with manganese deficiency, the incidence of cancer is high. Some people have also found in the study that patients with arteriosclerosis are due to the lack of manganese in the aortic artery of the heart, so arteriosclerosis is related to the lack of manganese in the human body.
11、钴(co)
The function of cobalt on the human body is mainly through vitamin B12 in the human body to play its physiological role, its biochemical role is to stimulate hematopoiesis, promote the synthesis of animal hemoglobin; promote the absorption of iron in the gastrointestinal tract; prevent fat deposition in liver bone.
12、Chromium(cr)
Chromium is an essential element for the utilization of insulin during glucose metabolism. Therefore, chromium deficiency can easily lead to a decrease in insulin activity, which can lead to diabetes.
13、钒(v)
Vanadium has a certain biological activity and is one of the essential trace elements of the human body. Vanadium has a certain positive effect on the hematopoietic process, vanadium can be synthesized in the body, has the effect of lowering blood pressure. Vanadium deficiency in animals can cause increased cholesterol levels in the body, growth retardation, and bone abnormalities.
14、Molybdenum (mo)
The molybdenum content in drinking water is very low, generally less than 1 mg per liter, which is also one of the reasons for the lack of molybdenum in the human body. People in molybdenum-deficient areas have a higher incidence of esophageal cancer, and excessive or lack of molybdenum intake can cause caries, kidney stones, and malnutrition.