Text/Liu Yutao
At the end of the 1970s, production teams built warehouses, grain depots, stables, pig houses, etc. all needed adobe walls. Members of the community to build a house, but also to use adobe small mound, economical, build a good house warm in winter and cool in summer.
The use of adobe small mounds has been used in buildings since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the biggest benefit is that it is conducive to fire prevention. Scoop, smear, finish. Painting roofs or walls with mud also refers to decorative repairs. Zhang Binglin's Appendix to the Examination and Revision of the Text, "Correct Names and Miscellaneous Meanings", is recorded.
At that time, the father of the production captain had to be able to do any job. When the spring ploughing farmers are idle, they mobilize young and strong labor to beat the adobe small piles. Let the big brother who has just graduated from junior high school do it together, and do not martyr his personal feelings. His father, who is in his 50s, personally fought for it and took the lead in playing adobe with the young members.
First of all, we must choose a field with high terrain and relatively close to the yard of the production team. Every young and strong member of the society took out the furniture of the adobe small pile, used a few stones, less than half a waist high distance from the ground, found a good level, put a grinding stone or hammer cloth stone on it as a site, and then hung the mound on it, and then started to beat the adobe small pile.
The hanging is rectangular, generally made of willow wood, the surrounding frame is a tenon structure, and the top of the mound is fixed with 2 cm wide iron rod rivets to prevent the ramming from being damaged. The rammed moth is a square bluestone with a semi-sloped four-cornered lamina, a flat bottom, and a hole inlaid with a locust handle about 60 cm above the top.
My father took a "dung basket" from home and filled it with grass and wood ashes, and used a plaque to carry two iron buckets of water, and all the preparations were ready.
Sprinkle some water on the soil, start to mix it with a shovel, and the humidity is suitable to make a good adobe, and the quality is good. At the turn of spring and summer, the sun was scorching, and soon the father and the members of the club were sweating, simply taking off their clothes, wearing only different colors of floral pants, shouting the trumpet of the rammed, bare shoulders in the sun's exposure to become the color of bronze, blending with the earth into one color.
The father straightened the hanging, grabbed a handful of grass and wood ash from the "dung basket", and spread it evenly along the sides of the hanging, in order to prevent sticking, shoveled the soil into the hanging with a shiny shovel, and raised the top of the hanging, forming a quadrangular shape. At this time, the father picked up the rammer with both hands and gently leaned over, hit it forward, expanded it backwards, pounded it left and right, and smashed it hard from the top of the dirt hanging high, and it became a "yuan treasure shape".
Then, "three times five divided by two" force, and then the soil hanging "yuanbao-shaped" was flattened and compacted, and the soil sprinkled on the countertop was cleaned with a small broom. Picked up the rammer, knocked the tailgate from right to left, and let go of the rear door. The father slowly used both hands to gently move the mound to the sides and remove it separately, and a rectangular adobe small mound appeared in front of him like a work of art.
When playing adobe, my father consumes a lot of physical strength, and when his mouth is dry, he scoops cold water directly from the iron barrel to drink, and the young members are heartbroken to persuade their father: "Captain, you will definitely be overwhelmed by working so hard..." My father said: "As a production captain, I must lead the members to roll up their sleeves and work hard, so that everyone can get rid of poverty as soon as possible, so that they can live a good life of 'three major pieces'." ”
In the 1970s, there were watches, bicycles, and radios at home, and people used to call them "three big pieces", which the average family did not have. Even if there are only one or two, very few families have three. After listening to their father's words, the members were very excited and full of expectations for the "three major pieces" of a well-off life and the realization of the "four modernizations".
Stacks of adobe mounds, rows of "walls" built with sweat, side by side, stacked into rows, magnificent, the production team hit the adobe mounds into a beautiful landscape in the countryside.
Under the leadership of his father, each young member can beat a stack and a half of adobe small piles a day, and each stack of adobe small piles is 330 pieces, adding up to nearly 500 pieces, and the father always has more than 200 pieces of adobe small pieces than the young members, without counting the work points. This was the father of the production captain of that era, selfless and great.
In addition to building a house, another use is to pan the fire. Kang noodles need to be dragged large, also known as "kang noodles". The father and mother used the noon time to sweep the ground with a shovel in the yard, and the mother led her brothers and sisters to bring the wheat straw together, and the father pulled up his pants legs, jumped barefoot into the grass mud pile that did not pass the calf, and stepped on the dirt and wheat straw to stir it well.
After the father hung it with a rectangular large square and soaked it in a large iron basin of "tinplate", the mother used a small "iron steel bar" made by a blacksmith to trot into the large pile of grass and mud, and the father immediately used his hands to dip the water to smooth it, evenly exert force, take a deep breath, quickly hang the big pile left and right flat, and lift the hands up, so the dragged big pile was formed.
Put the big pile hanging in the "tinplate" large iron basin with a brown hair brush to clean, take it out and put it flat and drag it down again, dragging it down piece by piece, as the big pile is moved in turn, it becomes a row or several rows of positions, and a very imposing phalanx like the "Terracotta Warriors" is placed on the yard. Looking at every muscle of the parents' own body, they are nervously repeating the simple and standardized movements of bending, hunching, squatting, and standing. In the hot summer, parents can drag more than 160 pieces of large mounds at noon a day, and the whole family's hot kang "kang noodles" are enough.
It usually takes a day or two to dry, and in windy weather, It dries quickly. Before the sun came out in the morning, my father came to the yard of the production team, looked at the poplar trees on the edge of the yard whose leaves were rustling with the wind, the grass under the trees, the morning glory flowers and the dew on top of the dew wet my father's "liberation" shoes, and saw some "earthworms" slowly dancing in the distance.
The father stood in front of the house and smoked a bag of his own rolled "dry smoke" awl handle, and after greeting the early breeder who passed by, he squatted down with a small mud shovel with the shape of a peach, leaned left and sideways, gently inserted it from the side of the big mound, and slowly set up the big mound, set it up in a "worker" shape, and dried it for a few days. If Da Fu did not get up early, half and a half would break from the middle, and his father would be extremely distressed and dragged a piece of Da Tu in vain.
After the big pile is completely dry, the parents take advantage of the fact that the sun is blazing at noon and expose it again, and use a small cart to transport the big pile home one by one and put it in the box, so that even if the big pile is put for a long time and is damp, there will be no "crisp" phenomenon.
According to records, the history of the fire kang can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, from a single hole to a flue, from being placed in the middle of the house to returning to the corner of the back room, from the separate hot kang function to the cooking hot kang integration, the process of improvement with the progress of time is still in progress to this day.
Father pan the fire kang, first put the ground inside the kang on the ground cushion of more than 20 centimeters of soil, adobe small mounds stand up as pillars, and then use the big mound to make a kang mask, smeared with grass mud to press the light, dried through and then cushioned with wheat straw, lay grass mats on the line. Especially in winter, it is a natural pleasure to burn the fire and warm the house like spring, and to snuggle with your parents.
Throughout the winter, the fire warmed our whole family, ironed the bodies of everyone in the family, and drove away the cold of the long winter nights. The days of sitting and sleeping in hot kangtou with parents are always nostalgic. The fire in my home has always been the warmest place in my heart.
In the past, when I returned to my hometown on Sunday or new Year's Day, I slept on a slightly hard stove at night, and the steadfastness and happiness in my heart were indescribable. A bed of fire is a witness to the growth of childhood and a warm memory after growing up.
Nowadays, the new rural transformation, the countryside has become a community, the old house demolition, the parents have left, every time I think about it, sleeping on the stove that raised our brothers and sisters 6 people, listening to the parents chanting a few words, that kind of simple happiness, only in the kind of rural people who live and grow up in that kind of environment with a family and a fire, can they truly experience and feel the beauty of the wordless.
When I was a teenager, I was so happy and carefree to spend unforgettable times with home and love. Looking back, more than forty years have passed. The scene of the large collective era of the production team is still fresh in my memory; the picture of my father playing adobe in the production team still comes to my mind from time to time.
Liu Yutao, painter, Shandong Longkou people, member of the Chinese Prose Literature Association, director of the Shandong Provincial Prose Literature Society, secretary general of the Longkou Creation Home of the Provincial Prose Literature Society, deputy editor-in-chief of the Jiaodong Prose Annual Selection Micro-publication Platform, and a contracted writer of Qilu Evening News. The essay "Memories of Summer" was selected for the "Jiaodong Prose Annual Selection" (2019), and the essay "The Story of the Old House Flower Season" was selected for "Contemporary Prose", "Overseas Digest", "Selected Works of Famous Artists of Chuanlu Prose", "Jiaodong Prose Annual Selection" (2020) and other newspapers and periodicals. The essay "The Taste of Home" was selected for the "Jiaodong Writers Family Essay Selection". Essays such as "Mountain Soul", "Taste of Home", and "Fearless Life" were published on the "People's Daily" digital network. The essay "The Story of the Old House Flower Season" won the "Best Work Award of the Yellow Sea Digital Publishing House "Jiaodong Prose Annual Selection (2020)". His works were selected for the "Jiaodong Prose Twelve Families • Liu Yutao Volume". In 2021, he won the third prize of the "First Qingwei Essay Contest" in Shandong Province. "Zhifu Memory" won the third prize of the Chinese Prose Literature Association, and was selected for the book "Affectionate Review" published by the National Cultural Development Publishing House. He is currently the deputy director of Longkou Museum, a member of the Chinese Calligraphers and Painters Association, a member of the Shandong Provincial Museum Society, a member of the Shandong Wading Cultural Heritage Protection Research Society, a member of the Yantai Writers Association, a member of the Yantai Artists Association, a director of the Yantai Oil Painting Society, a vice chairman of the Longkou Collectors Association, and a special painter of anhui Anhui Anhui Bai Painting Institute.
Shandong Provincial Prose Literature Association Longkou Creation Home Mailbox: [email protected] One Point Longkou Literature Mailbox: [email protected]
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